jalil babapour khairuddin

The objective of this research was to develop a causal model of perception of the COVID-19 pandemic based on psychological distress, emotional processing, and self-control, with the mediation of psychological well-being in young adults.

Methods and Materials: 

This study is applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive-correlational in terms of its study type, and field study in terms of data collection. The statistical population included the youth of Tabriz city. This group consists of all residents of Tabriz. The sample size was determined to be 385 individuals using convenience sampling, based on Cochran's formula (in an infinite population) (Erikson's theory considers youth age to range from 19 to 30 years). The instruments used in this study for data collection were the Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire, Psychological Distress Scale by Kessler et al. (2002), Emotional Processing Scale by Baker et al. (2010), Self-Control Scale by Tangney et al. (2004), and Psychological Well-Being Scale by Ryff (1989).

The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological distress and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults, whereas this relationship between emotional processing, self-control, and psychological well-being with the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic in young adults is negative and significant. Additionally, based on the research findings, it can be stated that there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological distress and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic with the mediation of psychological well-being in young adults, but there is a negative and significant relationship between emotional processing, self-control, and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic with the mediation of psychological well-being in young adults.

The results confirm the suitability of the causal model of perception of the COVID-19 pandemic based on psychological distress, emotional processing, and self-control with the mediation of psychological well-being.

Objective:

 The aim of this research was to Investigating the structural relationships of alexithymia, impulsivity, distress tolerance and self-criticism with self-injury in students with the mediating role of hopelessness.

this research was applicable and in regard to procedure, it was a correlation study. The study community included all male and female students of the high school of Ardabil City in 2021-2022, that among them 635 students selected as samples by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research questionnaires included: Klonsky and Glenn's (2009) Self-Injury Report Scale (2009), Toronto alexithymia Scale-20 (2003), Kazdin's Children Hopelessness Scale (1986), Simons & Gaher's Distress Tolerance Scale (2005), Barrett's Impulsivity Scale (1950) and Thompson and Zuroff's Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (2004).To analyze the research data, the structural equation modeling method was used, which was performed using Lisrel 8.8 software.

The results showed that the standardized coefficient is the path of direct effects of alexithymia, impulsivity, distress tolerance and self-criticism with self-injury are significant at 0.01 alpha level (p < 0.01). Finally, the indirect coefficient related to the alexithymia, impulsivity, distress tolerance and self-criticism with self-injury by mediating the role of hopelessness were significant at 0.01 alpha level.

Considering that in alexithymia, impulsivity, distress tolerance, self-criticism and hopelessness are effective factors in self-injury without non-suicidal self-injury, Therefore, the findings of this research can greatly help prevent this behavior, planning educational treatment programs and treatment Designing therapeutic intervention

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of mental rumination in the relationship between alexithymia, impulsivity, distress tolerance, and self-criticism with self-injury. The current research was part of applied research regard to procedure, In terms of method, it was a type of correlational study. The research population consisted of all the male and female students in the first year of secondary school in Ardabil city in the academic year of 2021-2022, out of which 626 people were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research questionnaires included: Klonsky and Glenn's self-injury report questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow Rumination Response Scale, Simons & Gaher's Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, Barrett's Impulsivity Scale and the Thompson and Zuraf's scale of self-criticism levels. Path analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that alexithymia, impulsivity, distress tolerance, and self-criticism directly and indirectly by mediating the role of mental rumination predict self-injury. It can be concluded that teaching emotional control skills and treatment of mental rumination can be useful in reducing self-injury in teenagers.