jassem golabifar

Access to food is one of the most important components of food security, which plays an important role in food security. Access to food has three main components including physical, economics and stability. The present study investigated the access of rural households to food in Shavoor village. The statistical population of the study consisted of all rural households in this district (N = 2624). The sample size of 300 households was determined based on stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. To measure access to food, based on the UN MPI, a standard index was developed whose value was between zero and one. This method was a methodological innovation of the study. Findings showed that about 23% of rural households have a good access to food. Among three main components, economic ans stability access have had the more contribution in access to food index. Disability to food supply resources and centers, lack of self-production and severe fluctuations in food prices are the most important causes for reducing the rural households access to food. Accordingly, it was suggested that improvement of ICT infrastructures will provide better condition to access of rural community to food. Promoting a culture of self-production and saving is another suggestion to improve the resilience of rural households to food price fluctuations.

The development of pressurized irrigation with the goal of boosting irrigation productivity and efficiency is one of the measures to improve water management in the context of climate change. These projects have problems with the implementation process, which can be identified and resolved to improve the project's performance. In this regard, the current research aimed to discover solutions for improving the implementation of pressured irrigation projects in the province of Qazvin. The study's statistical population included all farmers who installed a pressurized irrigation system in their farms between 2015 and the end of 2018 (N = 477). According to the Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, the sample size was determind to be equal to 214 farmers (n = 214). A stratified proportionate sampling method was used to choose the number of farmers in each category (county), and a simple random sample method was used to select the farmers who were interviewed. The reliability of the main scale of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α =0.74), and the content validity was established using expert judgment. In the primary analysis, the KMO statistic was 0.829, and the Bartlett test were significant at the 1% level, indicating that the data were appropriate for factor analysis. According to the findings, the economic-supportive solution explained the most (17.16 percent) of the overall variance. In addition, measures to reduce administrative complexity (11.43 percent), extension-education programs (10.94 percent), monitoring-institutional initiatives (10.84 percent), and infrastructure-executive measures (9.77 percent) all played a role in explaining the overall variance in farmers' perceptions of improving the implementation of pressurized irrigation schemes.