javad eshaghi

Shooting plays an important role among the acquired skills of soldiers and is considered one of the main criteria for measuring their capabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training interventions on shooting performance in both military and sports fields.

National and international databases from the beginning to April 2022 were searched. In addition, a manual search and a complete review of the sources of the articles were also performed.

After reviewing the entire text of the articles, 22 full-text articles were selected that investigated the effect of training interventions on shooting performance in both military and sports fields. The meta-analysis results showed that training interventions have a significant effect on shooting performance both in the military field (p=0.001) and in the sports field (p=0.001).

In the current review study, it was found that training interventions have a significant effect on improving the performance of shooters in both military and sports fields. In addition, the results of this review study showed that all interventions can have a positive effect on improving the performance of shooters. Also, the results showed that both physical and mental training interventions are effective in improving shooting performance; Therefore, it is recommended to use them  together to improve shooting performance in both military and sports fields.

The ability of the organization to maintain its survival and adaptation to the environment is a key capability whose results have been studied in various studies. This study aimed to systematically and comprehensively study the results of these studies and to identify the causal relationships between them.

This is descriptive, applied and quantitative research. In the present study, the consequences of organizational health were first identified and extracted from 28 articles published in scientific-research journals from 2008 to 2019 by meta-analysis method. In the next step, the mentioned results were determined using the structural interpretive modelling technique and based on the opinions of 12 faculty members of Shahid Sattari Aeronautical University, ranking and modelling the relations between them.

According to the research findings, Organizational health had a significant effect size on all 20 outcomes studied. These outcomes were classified into three categories with high, medium and low effect sizes. Among these, the highest effect was related to the variables of human resource productivity, employee creativity, organizational effectiveness, job attachment, organizational citizenship behaviour, organizational entrepreneurship and employee empowerment, respectively. In addition, causal relationships between these factors were also shown at four levels, so that employee empowerment has the most impact and organizational effectiveness has the most impact.

Managers' efforts to promote organizational health will lead to a chain of constructive human and organizational achievements that can strengthen each other to provide a facilitating environment for the sustainable productivity of organizations.

The risk-taking culture plays a crucial role in shaping managers' behavior and decision-making orientation when facing organizational threats and risks. When this type of culture aligns with organizational requirements, it becomes a valuable cultural capital. This research aims to utilize a valid risk culture model to determine the optimal state of the risk-taking culture within each branch of the I.R.I Army.

The current research is an applied, quantitative, inductive, and descriptive-survey study. The statistical population consists of commanders, strategic managers, and middle managers from selected Army organizations. Data were collected through a survey method using a questionnaire tool and analyzed based on the implementation process of the desired model.

Differences exist in the suitable condition of the risk culture components (risk orientation, decision-making style, focal point, and formalism) among the subordinate forces of the army, leading to the recognition of specific desirable risk-taking cultures for each branch. Hierarchical type, protect type, venture type, and strategic type have been identified as appropriate risk cultures for the ground force, air defense force, air force, and Navy of the army, respectively.

The unique content factors of organizations necessitate the adoption of different types of risk-taking culture. The results of this research provide a foundation for improving and managing risk culture within this organization.

In the battlefield, the main tool of battlefield visualization is a fast system with information bank.A system with several gigabytes of information, including geographic information, information related to the location of forces and equipment on both sides, terrain and weather conditions, and other information can support all the processes before and during the operation.The following article aims to provide a model of information system integration in the framework of the geographic information system in order to strengthen the combat power of the forces operating in the battle scene.The type of research is applied in terms of its purpose and the implementation method is descriptive-contextual. The statistical population includes 348 experts in the information field of the studied organization. The statistical sample is a non-probability random method and includes 126 experts. In order to collect information, library and field methods have been used. The validity of the research has been confirmed based on the approval of the experts, and Kezenbach's alpha method has been used to evaluate the reliability of the research. The research results showed that the existence of an integrated information system will play an effective role in identifying peripheral threats.

In order to investigate the effect of traditional utilization on the diversity and composition of woody species diversity in the western oak forest, two disturbed and less disturbed stands were selected with similar physiographic and floristic conditions. Therefore, 30 circularly shape plots with 1000 m2 surface area were established based on random-systematic sampling with 50×50 m network dimensions. In each sample plot, the frequency and type of woody species were recorded in the prepared sheets of inventory. The average Margalaf species richness indices, Pielo evenness, Shannon-Weiner and Simpson species diversity were calculated in each plot and normalized by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To test the significance of the difference between the mean of indices, t-student test was used for normal data and Mann-Whitney U test for abnormal data. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was used for ordination of the woody species samples. The results of the study showed that the means of richness and diversity indices in the disturbed stand were significantly lower than in the less disturbed stand; however, the mean of evenness index did not show any statistically significant differences between two stands. High correlation of first axis of DCA proves the importance of destructive factors, such as cutting, branching, frequency of copping, grazing, and qualitative factors, such as basal area and number of trees. These factors plays an important role in differentiation of the forest stands.

The Khan Valley gallery forest with an area of ca. 80 ha is situated south of Urmia in west Azerbaijan province, NW Iran. Using transect method, this study examines flora, life form, and chorotypes of the plant species growing in the area. Woody plants were studied within fifty 400 m2 (20 x 20 meter) sample plots centered at 0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 m along transects perpendicular to the river axis on both sides at 200 m intervals. Herbaceous plants were examined within 100 m2 (10 x 10 meter) sample plots inside the main plots. In this study, 252 species belonging to 43 families and 169 genera were identified, of which Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae (Faboidae), Poaceae, and Apiaceae are most abundant in the study area. Our floristic study reveals that the most common plant taxa in the study site are therophytes (38.09%) and hemicryptophytes (34.92%), based on Raunkiær system, and phytogeographically belong jointly to Irano-Turanian and Euro-Siberian regions.

This study aimed to 1) investigate the relationship between vegetation cover and physiographic factors and 2) determine the indicator species in ecological groups in a gallery forest of Darreh-Khan river in the south of Urmia, NW Iran. Minimal area method was used to determine the area of sample plots. Based on this, arboreal and herbaceous cover plots were recorded in 400 and 100 m2 plots, respectively. Using the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale, arboreal and herbaceous taxa were recorded respectively in 32 and 50 sample plots centered at 0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 m along transects perpendicular to the river axis on both sides at 200 m intervals. We applied cluster and indicator species analysis in order to determine the ecological groups and indicator species. In addition, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) approach was applied to analyze the relationships between vegetation and physiographic factors in the study area. Cluster analysis divided the herbaceous species into three (north-facing slope, south-facing slope, and near-river) ecological categories. The NMS analysis showed that slope and altitude are among the most influencing environmental variables on the distribution of herbaceous plants in this ecosystem. Examples of the indicator plant species in ecological group I (north-facing slope) included Astragalus persicus, Echinops bithynicus and Silene marschallii, whereas Salvia multicaulis, Onosma sericeum and Aristolochia bottae were amongst the indicator species in ecological group II (south-facing slope). Colchicum szovitsii, Galium spurium and Pimpinella anthriscoides were grouped in the third category (near-river). Moreover, woody taxa were seperated into two ecological groups: near-river (Juglans regia and Pyrus syriaca) and far-from-river (Cerasus microcarpa and Pistacia atlantica).