فهرست مطالب javad rezaee

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of trade facilitation on bilateral trade in developing countries. Trade facilitation increases the attractiveness of investing in countries by improving the flow of trade by speeding up the process of declaration and clearance of goods, and helps reduce the cost of trade and improve competitiveness. In order to quantify the impact of trade facilitation on bilateral trade, we have used the cross-border trade index of countries. Our data includes a sample of panel data of 21749 bilateral relations between developing countries for time span of years 2006 to 2018, which is used to estimate the impact of trade facilitation along with other important variables such as GDP, population, common border, common language and distance between countries using a weighted least squares method.Our results show that trade facilitation, if implemented by both countries, has positive effects on bilateral trade of industrial goods. The results also showed that the tendency for bilateral trade is higher among developing countries with countries with higher GDP. The results showed that having a common border is more important than a common language in bilateral trade, and on the other hand, trade between countries with a higher geographical distance is less. Therefore, it can be said that trade policy focusing on neighboring countries has a higher priority than farther developing countries.

In Mulla Sadra’s view, knowledge and perception are among abstract notions, and the extent of knowledge is directly related to the strength and weakness of abstraction. In Mulla Sadra’s view, the faculty of illusion is the very reason added to the sensory or imaginational details. According to this definition, thus, illusive perception essentially leads to reduction of abstraction and, accordingly, to weakness of perception. Besides, among the features of illusive perception is indecisiveness and lack of dogmatism. In other words, illusion and illusive perception does not achieve certainty and right knowledge. In addition, illusion is the ruler of the minute animal faculties and tries to take most of those faculties and fulfilling the highest points of desire and anger. Thus, it is in conflict with reason and rational perception, and reason is seeking to limit and modify those faculties. Therefore, the discussion on illusion and illusive perceptions is related to the discussion on error in perception. Here, the research method is descriptive-analytical.

Salvia genus is one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family. Its species have been used for a wide variety of disorders in the local traditional medicine systems. Therefore, the genus has been the subject of several phytochemical and biological studies. The aim of the study was to identify the major antioxidant compound(s) from the methanol extract of Salvia verticillata using activity-guided fractionation. The crude extract showed strong antioxidant activities in DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests. The ethyl acetate fraction also exhibited a potent free radical scavenging activity compared to the other fractions. Further fractionation and purification of the ethyl acetate fraction using chromatography methods yielded a compound with high antioxidant capacity. The isolated active compound was determined as chrysoeriol. It showed a dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 (DPPH scavenging) value of 93.32 (80.23 – 108.57) mM.

This experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replicates per treatments، using of 36 Moghani male lambs. Four diets containing 0، 7، 14 and 21 percent (dry matter basis) of processed broiler litter (PBL) were used. Results showed that voluntary feed intake، average daily gain and total body weight gain were not influenced (P>0. 05) by the experimental diets. Digestibility of DM and NDF decreased linearly (P<0. 05) while no differences (P>0. 05) were detected in OM and CP digestibility by inclusion of PBL in the diets. The Ruminal acetate concentration decreased but ammonia increased linearly (P<0. 05) as the rate of PBL enhanced in the diet، however no differences (P>0. 05) were obtained for the other metabolites between the animals received different diets. Blood urea-nitrogen increased linearly (P<0. 05) by increasing of PBL in the diet، but other blood metabolites were not influenced (P>0. 05) by the experimental rations. Results of current study indicated that feeding PBL in the diet of Moghani lambs up to 21percent، did not affect the nutrients intake and growth performance but decreased digestibility of DM and NDF and ruminal acetate concentration. In Addition، feed cost per unit of live weight gain was decreased (P<0. 05) by inclusion of PBL in the ration. It is concluded that processed broiler litter could be used up to 21 percent of the diet for fattening lambs.

Typically, Two Parametric and Nonparametric methods are used for calculating Total Factor Productivity (TFP). One the famous nonparametric method is Tornqvist index. In this method, which is based on linear programming especially Data Envelopment Analysis, TFP of one DMU is evaluated during a specific period using some inputs and outputs. In this paper, TFP in road transportation sub sector is evaluated by using Tornqvist index. However, one of the assumptions of this method is that three multiplied by total sum of inputs and outputs should not exceed the number of DMUs. The results show that average technical and technological efficiency and TFP growth are equal to 0. 94, 0. 988, and 0. 932 during period 1377 to 1387, respectively. Also, TFP growth in this sub sector in all considered periods except two periods is negative.

This paper aims to draw on Alvin E. Roth’s analytical framework, the owner of Nobel Prize in economics in 2012 in order to design market and apply it. Research has shown that Roth begins with identifying the market failure and emphasizes that the market failure usually is a result of the institutional conditions such as "week market", "crowd" and "absence of safety in displaying preferences". Roth used matching algorithm and specially Gale-Shapley’s Algorithm to come over the market failure, and in the course of "try and error", he focuses on interaction with actors for adjusting the primary algorithm. so far, Roth and his colleagues have applied this theory to different markets such as "kidney exchange", "school selection-student acceptance", "market of physicians" and "market of economists".

This paper examines the relationship between Productivity growth and Agriculture growth during the period of 1971-2007. First, discusses a literature survey on theoretical principles and experimental studies, and measure Productivity growth in Iranian Agriculture section. Then, the paper examines empirically the causal link between Productivity growth and Agriculture growth in Iran using unit root and co- integration techniques within a bi-Variate vector auto – regressive (bVAR) and vector error correction (VEC) framework.. The results reveal a positive relationship between Productivity growth and Agriculture growth for Iran with the direction of causation running from Agriculture growth to Productivity growth.

This paper examines the relationship between Productivity growth and Industry growth during the period of 1981-2007. First, a literature survey of theoretical principles and experimental studies is discussed, and productivity growth in Iranian Industry section measured. Then, it empirically examines the causal link between productivity growth and industry growth in Iran, using unit root and co- integration techniques within a bi-Variate vector auto – regressive (bVAR) framework. The results reveal a positive relationship between productivity growth and industry growth for Iran with the direction of causation running from productivity growth to industry growth.

This paper examines the relationship between productivity growth and oil growth during the period of 1981-2007. It first، reviews the theoretical and empirical a literature and measures productivity growth in Iranian oil sector. The paper also examines the causal link between productivity growth and oil growth in Iran using unit root and co- integration techniques within a bi-Variate Vector Auto – Regressive (bVAR) and Vector Error Correction (VEC) framework. The results revealed a positive relationship between productivity growth and oil growth in Iran. The causation is directed from productivity growth toward oil growth.

This study examines the relationship between productivity growth and commerce sector growth during the period of 1981-2007 and examines empirically the causal link between productivity growth and commerce sector growth in Iran using unit root and co- integration techniques within a bi-variate vector auto– regressive (bVAR) and Vector Error Correction (VEC) framework. The results reveal a positive relationship between Productivity growth and commerce sector growth for Iran with the direction of causation running from productivity to commerce sector growth.

By definition, productivity is the optimal allocation of resources for the realization of maximum quantity of output. Methods to calculate the productivity of factors of production can be divided into two main categories: parametric and non parametric. According to the fourth development plan all the economic sectors in the country are responsible to contribute to the growth of GDP through the productivity of total production factors. In this study we used non parametric techniques of linear programming and Tornqvist index to evaluate the growth of productivity in agricultural production factors in Iranian economy during the period 1971-2005. The findings indicated that the annual growth of factor productivity in the agricultural sector was equal to 0.73%, which is significantly different from the goals of the fourth plan that was 2.2%.