فهرست مطالب javad shahraki

Today, human society is involved in fundamental threats in the field of production, supply and distribution of water, food and energy. South Khorasan province is located in the arid and semi-arid region of Iran and is highly vulnerable in terms of water resources. Due to the close relationship between the three sources of water, food and energy and their mutual influence on each other, a new concept called the linkage approach has been proposed, which refers to the integrated nature and mutual effects of these three sources. The present research has analyzed the dynamic analysis of sustainable water resource management systems based on the correlation of water, food and energy resources in a 21-year horizon (2011-2031) in Darmian and Sarbisheh cities in South Khorasan province(The scope of implementation of the carbon sequestration project) with the help of Vensim DSS software. This research has been done based on Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis as well as the development of the model under the title of 5 scenarios, and finally, the fifth scenario was selected for the sustainable management of water resources in the research area. In this situation, optimal consumption modeling in different sectors, compliance with limit conditions and culture based on consumption pattern modification are among the key issues in resources crisis management.

Economic growth has caused some environmental problems such as energy shortage and environmental pollution. In this regard, in the present study, the analysis of a fixed-sum energy and environmental efficiency to achieve sustainable efficiency in the transport sector of Iran under the limitation of energy consumption and environmental pollution using the Common equilibrium efficient frontier data envelopment analysis (CEEFDEA) is carried out. For this purpose, first, a certain value of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission was considered. Then, based on these values and considering the minimum-maximum of their fixed sum, the general equilibrium efficiency boundary was built. The obtained results show that all provinces have the same satisfaction level of 0.979. Based on the results of the equilibrium efficiency boundary through the degree of satisfaction, all provinces should adjust energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Also, the sustainable efficiency value of most provinces in the transportation sector was less than one. According to the results, the transportation sector is inefficient in terms of eco-efficiency score. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the basis for sustainable development by adopting and implementing rational policies compatible with the role of energy and environment in this sector.

This study investigates the economic effects of taxes on pollutants in Iran in 2011. For this purpose, computable general equilibrium model with 2011 social accounting matrix is applied. Six scenarios taxes on pollutants have defined and estimatethe effects on economic variables and production quantity of activities. The results show that the taxes on pollutants is conducive to environmental improvement, but the economic variables and production quantity of activities are adversely affected. when the government refunds the production  tax and corporate income tax, the results show that this can indeed relieve the negative effects. According to the results, it is suggested that the taxes on pollutants should be applied along with the tax refund through the reduction of other taxes in order to reduce the negative effects of the taxes on pollutants on production quantity of activities and economic variables.

Office workers are high-risk populations for their sedentary behavior and its related diseases. This study examined the structured intervention on physical activities in employees.

In this quasi-experimental study, 189 participants were allocated to two experimental and control groups using the multistage random sampling method. Data were collected through the short form of an international physical activity questionnaire, and a structured researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic and questions related to the constructs of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The experimental group contributed to four training sessions and four practical walking meetings. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) using independent t test, chi-square, and linear regression tests at the significance level of 0.05.

There was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention regarding the mean score of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, physical activity, and demographic variables (P>0.05). After the intervention, the mean score of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, behavioral intention, and physical activity in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05).

The finding of this study suggests that TPB is a suitable framework for designing physical activity interventions among office workers.

The objective of this article is to investigate the impact of financial development on the balance sheet channel of monetary policy transmission. For this purpose, first, using data (2007-2018) related to 50 non-financial firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange, the existence of the balance sheet channel in Iran through Analyzing the effect of the financial and balance sheet situation of firms on their investment was examined.Therefore, using GMM method, an investment function is estimated, despite financial constraints. The results supported the balance sheet channel of monetary policy transmission in Iran. In addition, the effect of financial development on the balance sheet channel by testing the effect of interaction of financial development on balance sheet situation was examined. The results of the model estimate showed that financial development increased the investment of firms by reducing financial constraints, which means weakening the balance sheet channel of monetary policy transmission. The results also showed that financial development affected the investment of small firms that were facing more financial constraints compared to larger firms.

Sedentary lifestyle in postmenopausal women decreases their health and quality of life. This study aimed to determine the effect of theoretical education on leisure-time physical activity in postmenopausal women.In a quasi-experimental study, 200 women referring to health centers through a multi-stage sampling method and inclusion criteria were allocated to control and experimental groups. The data collecting tools were a standardized researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic and specific questions relating to the trans-theoretical model and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. After the need assessment, the educational program including content, media, and educational method was designed. The subjects in the experimental group participated in three training and three group walking sessions. The educational program continued for four months. After three months, the data in both groups were recollected and analyzed, using the descriptive statistics (Mean, Percentage) and analytic tests (Independent sample t-test, Spearman correlation coefficient test, and linear regression test). P-value was set at ≤ 0.05.After the intervention, the percentage of people in the Pre-contemplation in the intervention group decreased significantly (80% to 17%). On the other hand, in the control group, there was not any meaningful decrease (89% to 79%). Also, the mean score of the leisure time in the intervention group, in comparison with the control group, increase significantly from 226.8 ± 579.9 to 903.6 ± 99.5, (P<0.05).The results showed that the Trans-Theoretical Model is a suitable framework for promoting physical activities in postmenopausal women.

Determining the extent to which the bakeries of Gonabad, Iran have succeeded in the optimal use of certain resources and to explore the possibility of production increase with a certain set of production resources and factors, the technical efficiency of bakeries in this city was estimated. Data were collected from 98 bakeries in Gonabad using simple randomization in 2016. To accomplish research objectives, the stochastic frontier production function and technical inefficiency were simultaneously estimated by the Cabb-Douglas production function. The results showed that the average technical efficiency of the bakeries is 71.12% influenced positively and significantly by the variables of flour and labor. Also, bakers’ age and experience had a negative relationship with their technical inefficiency, but their educational level had no significant effect. On the other hand, the difference between the minimum and maximum technical efficiency was calculated to be 72.75%. According to the results, experience is a requirement to enhance production and efficiency.

Analyzing the effect of monetary shocks through monetary policy transmission channels is one of the central topics in the field of macroeconomics. This paper aimed to explore the balance sheet channel of monetary policy transmission in Iran. For this purpose, the effect of the financial and balance sheet situation of firms on their investment was tested. In this paper, the cash flow, financial leverage, and size of the firm were used as the determinants of the financial situation of firms. In this regard, the balance sheet data (2007-2018) of 50 non-financial firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange were studied by the GMM method. The financial market is considered as a market with imperfect information. Therefore, there is a gap between the external and internal financing costs (external financing premium) caused by the asymmetric information in the financial market. In this case, the lenders force the borrowers (firms) to pay a risk premium in order that the monitoring costs and the possible risk created by the borrowers. The balance sheet channel suggests that a contractionary monetary policy decreases the cash flow and net worth of firms, thereby weakening their balance sheet situation. A weak financial situation increases an external financing premium and thus reduce an investment. When there is a contractionary monetary policy, the firms with more financial constraints (those with a weaker financial situation) will have a greater reduction in their investment because of increasing an external risk premium, compared to ones with lower financial constraints (those with a better financial situation). This shows that the balance sheet situation (cash flow and financial leverage) of the firms with lower financial constraints has a less effect on their investment, indicating the poorer performance of balance sheet channel than that of the firms with more financial constraints. Therefore, the study of the effect of the balance sheet situation of firms on their investment supports the theories of the monetary transmission mechanism. A monetary policy shock has a less effect on large firms compared to small ones. This is due to the higher net worth and cash situation of large firms. Furthermore, large firms have a better reputation than small ones because of their relatively stronger balance sheet situation. This leads to the lowering of information and transaction costs as well as the default risk of large firms. Moreover, this leads to a higher possibility for large firms to access external financing sources. Therefore, large firms are facing with a lower financing premium compared to small ones, indicating the reduction in dependence of their investment on internal sources as well as the effect of a monetary policy shock on the investments. Thus, this leads to a weaker effect of monetary policies through the balance sheet channel of the firm. The results show that there is the balance sheet channel of monetary policy transmission in Iran. Furthermore, the findings indicate that in the firms with lower financial constraints (large firms), the performance of balance sheet channel is poorer than the ones with more financial constraints (small firms).

The Sugar industry is one of the highest water-consuming industries and due to organic matter contaminations and high BOD index of its wastewater, it is one of the most water-polluting industries. It imposes costly externalities to society. This survey aimed first to assess environmental efficiency and marginal abatement costs of BOD and then to estimate marginal abatement cost function and calculate pigovian tax using regression analysis. The results show in order to be in compliance with Iran’s national standard level of BODC, appropriate required pigouvian tax per kilogram of BOD for appropriate wastewater disposal to absorbent wells, surface waters and farmlands are respectively 739366, 739366 and 703069 Rials.

From the perspective of government accounting, the Publishing of Islamic Treasury Bills, due to the nature of these bonds that transfer of debt is permissible, there will be no additional financial burden for the government in the form of principal and interests of them. In other securities, on the other hand, the government is bound to pay the principal and its interests on the date of maturity to its holders. Paying the interests of the bonds as a new cost resource will affect government Fiscal sustainability. So, over the time, government debt will rise and get into Ponzi game. Regarding the growing trend in the use of securities in financing and the growing use of Islamic Treasury Bills, along with other debt securities recently, it is imperative to examine the aspects of Islamic Treasury Bills that can effect on the government fiscal sustainability, as a main way to achieve to a stable macroeconomic framework. This is followed in this thesis using the design of a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model for the Iranian economy. The results show that when the government uses the Islamic Treasury bills, along with other debt securities, the debt-to-output ratio which is considered in this study as an Index of Fiscal sustainability, during productivity, monetary and oil shocks, reflect the Fiscal unsustainability of the government budget in the long run. In contrast, through the private sector investment shocks, mark-ups, exchange rate shocks, and government spending shocks, reflects budget sustainability.

Given the fact that sugar producing industries are one of the most water consuming food industries of our country, the absence of complete purification of the industry’s sewage and sewage disposal with high BOD index impose lots of environmentel costs to the society. Hence, economic assessment of these industries, without taking environmentel costs, can be very misleading. To include such costs, this paper uses a Stochastic Nonparametric Envelopment of Data (StoNED) to evaluate the marginal cost of controlling the BOD index of wastewater produced by the sugar industry in the year 2017. The results show sugar industry in our country is environmentally inefficient on average about 6.5 percent. In addition, the average shadow price per kilogram caused by BOD of manufacturing plants is about 612.6 thousand Rials. Obtained shadow prices can be used to plan proper pollution controlling tools; they also are used for more accurate evaluation of economic planning of sewage treatment.

The purpose of this study is investigation unit root and structural break for export value of pistachio, raisin and dates from employing annual time series data(1974-2014).The first step in this study is using the traditional unit root tests Because of traditional unit root tests may incorrectly indicate that there is a unit root in a series, we use Zivot-Andrews (1992) methodology and Lumsdaine & Papell (1997) methodology that to make robust conclusions about the time series properties of data. The results of traditional unit root test provide no evidence against the uni troot null hypothesis in all variables under study. For indicate the unit root test with existence of structural break from Zivot-Andrews (1992) methodology and Lumsdaine & Papell (1997) methodology are used. The Results from the ZA test and LP test indicate that respectively one and two out of the tree variables under investigation became stationary.Based on from results, exchange rate is the most influential factors in determining date of structural break.

Introduction:

 Climate change, with less access to water, results in product yields, and as a result of declining production, the economic consequences are affected by these changes, and the farmer experiences a reduction in income resulting from a decline in his performance (Gohar & Kashman, 2016) . Iran's presence in the dry and semi-arid belt of the world has always been caused by dehydration and alternate droughts. Climate change, with a decline in access to water, yields products, and as a result of declining production, the economic consequences are affected by these changes and the farmer experiences a decline in income resulting from a decline in his performance. Wheat is one of the products affected by these changes. In Iran, this product is considered to be the most important and most cultivated crop. In the 2012-2015 crop year, the level of wheat cultivation in Iran was 5928728 hectares and its production was 14592003 tons. It is a statistic that indicates both the level of cropping and the production of this product in a high level and volume. This product is 50.39% of the total cultivation and 17.58% of total crop production in the mentioned crop year (Agricultural Statistics, 2017).

 Materials and Methods: 

Using a positive mathematical programming as well as information on the wheat crop during the years 1339-1394, the trend of cultivars, incomes and prices of wheat climatic assumptions over 20 years is discussed. This goal was pursued using GAMS software in the present study. CROPWAT software was used to calculate the need for water in the cost and product sector. The method of pmp was first introduced by Hawait. As the most commonly used method for calibration, a mathematical programming model is performed in three steps. In the first step, the linear programming model is determined by considering the calibration limitations, and in the second stage, with the help of the dual values of the previous stage model, a nonlinear objective function is formed. In the third step, the calibrated target function is used as a nonlinear programming model for policy analysis (Moghadasi & Bakhshi, 2014). Climate scenarios in this study will be achieved with regard to climate variability and change in average annual rainfall. Research scenarios include: normal climate change, climate change, climate Variability, and Double Exposure.

Results & Discussion:

 Climate change can be mentioned as an unavoidable phenomenon around the world, which is unlikely to be much more severe in Iran due to its particular geography and dry and semi-arid climate. In the meantime, the agricultural sector has been and will be more vulnerable to these natural changes due to the strong dependence on natural phenomena. Following the variability of this part of the climate change, agricultural production is affected first and foremost. In fact, climate change will change the price of products and income of farmers by changing production levels. In this study, the effects of climate change on agricultural production have been evaluated to study the effect of four different climate scenarios on rainfall, cropping area, yield and price of wheat products as one of the most important agricultural products in Iran. The results show that among the four scenarios studied, climate change and climate change scenarios have more severely affected the studied cases. The first issue is the effect of different scenarios on rainfall, which results in a significant reduction in precipitation over a period of 20 years. This would be to a degree where the average rainfall in both the climate change and climate change will decrease by an average of 50% annually, as compared to two other situations. Under these two scenarios (climate change and climate change), cropping levels and income levels will fall further than the other two scenarios. In these two scenarios, wheat prices will be higher than other scenarios. Based on the results of this study, the continuation of climate change and the lack of appropriate policies to confront and adapt to these changes will be unavoidable. Reducing income and rising prices will lead to a reduction in the welfare of producers and consumers. Key words: Climate change, Climate variability, Wheat production, Iran.

In this research, recreational value of fish farming activity has been investigated using a conditional valuation method in one of the villages of Qaemshahr city. The objectives of this study are to estimate the recreational value of this activity and to examine the effects of socioeconomic variables on the willingness to pay visitors. To measure the willingness to pay, the Logit model is used and based on the maximum right-of-way method, the characteristics of this model, such as the final effect and weight traction, were estimated. The final effects of the change are also calculated in each of the variables included in the model using the final effect factor. The data used in this study was the distribution of 110 questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The results showed that the variables such as age, educational level, number of household members, people's income and household income of the visitors had a significant effect on the willingness to pay. Also, the study showed that the maximum willingness to pay for fish is 1191.2 Taman. Maximum willingness to pay is indicative of the potential capacity of these two activities in the field of agro-tourism, which requires serious attention.

Despite the many studies that have been done in reservoir exploitation, due to the willingness of researchers to reduce errors in calculations, this issue is still a matter of interest and is of interest to water researchers. In this regard, the use of the capability of Fractional Algorithms Which are generally derived from nature and used in complex problems and optimization problems. In recent years, it has been highly regarded. Therefore, in the present study, the optimal allocation of water resources in the semi-Sistan reservoir reservoirs has been investigated under management scenarios using the Fuzzy Firefighting Technique. The results of the research show that the best value of the target function was 2309/66 million cubic meters. Also, in the early years, the optimal release of firefighting algorithm was obtained at 29.1376 million cubic meters, with a demand of 98.3121 million cubic meters, of which 69.1745 million cubic meters were lacking. The results of the evaluation of various management scenarios showed that if these projects were implemented, the amount of water allocated to the agricultural sector would be significantly reduced. Therefore, it is suggested that with the spread of Iran's legitimate rights from Afghanistan, it will be possible to overcome the dangers and droughts of the last few decades.

Climate change affects agricultural production and , consequently, agricultural factors such as food security and economic well-being. In this study , by distinguishing between different aspects of climate change, the effects of four climate change assumptions, climate variability, climate change , variability and climate change on food security and economic well-being during the years of 2001-2016 were investigated and by using the cost and production information of three products of food security index in Iran (wheat , rice and potatoes) , using the Positive Math Planning (PMP) method was used. The results of this study showed a sharp decrease in farm incomes and a surplus of economic welfare as well as an increase in the price of the product under the fourfold assumptions. In four assumptions examined , the average of total income 43979.4 , 127241.9 , 157960.1 and 272367.1 million Tomans was reduced , the price of the desired product 332.95, 343.7, 565.18 , and 1160.86 one thousand Tomans was increased , and the total of economic welfare surplus decreased 927884.4, 1542416, 2016383 and 2356754 million Tomans, respectively. Reducing the effects of climate change can be achieved by changing the pattern of cultivation , using modern irrigation methods and desertification.

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a powerful technique for measuring efficiency. The traditional DEA approach is applicable when inputs and outputs are certain. Since, some input and output data, such as CO2 emission are often imprecise or vague in real world, this approach cannot be used efficiently. Therefore, this study uses the fuzzy data envelopment analysis to measure carbon-environmental efficiency. The results show that the average interval carbon-environmental efficiency is 75.90 percent in the sample and period under study. In addition, the minimum and maximum carbon- environmental efficiency scores in Iran are 61 and 74 percent, respectively, which indicates low environmental efficiency in Iran compared to other countries.  Accordingly, using inputs optimally and lowering dependency on resources are recommended for increasing the carbon-environmental efficiency.

The limited and vulnerable water resources in the world have a special economic value with social, economic and environmental impacts. Water resources constraints and the need for optimal use of these resources show the necessity and importance of using refined wastewater. In this research, the economic evaluation of the use of treated wastewater in Zahedan Green irrigation with economic and financial justification and focus on the environmental benefits of the wastewater treatment process are considered. Two scenarios are considered in this research: In the first case, according to the sales price of water equal to 3000 and 45000 Rials, an estimate has been made and in the second scenario, the environmental benefits and benefits of the project are estimated by estimating the shadow price of pollutants and pollutants from wastewater treatment. The data used in this study was based on spending patterns Water and Wastewater Company has been gathered Sistan and Baluchestan Province Zahedan is the location of the project. The findings of the study conducted in the first scenario show that the project is not justified in this scenario, the net value of the project over a period of 20 years and a 25 percent rate of return equal to -182.2065617 Rials as well as the benefit to cost ratio in this scenario is 0.68 times. In the second scenario examines reduce the environmental impact of wastewater treatment processes for the manufacture of shadow prices of undesirable and pollution control has been dealt with distance function. The average price shadow for adverse outcomes, including total biochemical oxygen demand, total chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD) wastewater treatment ranged between 94-92 years, respectively -100.1, -319.75, -500.6 respectively. Shadow price to be interpreted that if we want the wastewater treatment plant and produce undesirable emissions (BOD and COD) reduce This will produce less than the desired output (treated water) or increased use of inputs in remediation and disposal of the product is desirable.

Considering the importance of the issues surrounding resistance economics and the essential role of the capital market in fulfilling the objectives of the policies stated therein, it would be necessary to survey the functions of modern Islamic financial instruments in the capital market to be utilized promptly by the government. Treasury documents are one of those instruments and the main question in this article is how they can serve to attain the resistance economics objectives. To answer the question, by adopting the analytical-descriptive method and using library resources, we have verified the hypothesis that Islamic Treasury documents can affect the components of the resistance economics through supporting national production, Iranian labor, entrepreneurship, transparency of government debt, maximum use of the resources and reducing the government's dependence on oil.

Climate change is crucially important in Iran given its arid and semiarid climate. It influences water resources, thereby affecting many activities and even threatening human life seriously. The assessment of the extent to which climate change can influence water use and resources can play a decisive role in macro-policymaking. Present study uses positive mathematical programming (PMP) in the context of four climatic scenarios (normal climate change, climate change, climate variability, and concurrent climate change) to explore impacts of these changes on agricultural water use and water resources of Iran in a 20-year period. The results showed that in the context of concurrent climate change and also climate change, in spite of the decrease in water use by the agricultural sector, water resources of Iran are reduced with much higher rate than that under other climatic conditions. According to results, average annual agricultural water use under four studied scenarios will be 35,103.65, 26,533.8, 35,216 and 26,510.69 million m3, and average rate of annual loss of water resources will be 4,422.2, 11,165.6, 4,438.24, and 11,267.45 million m3, respectively. Accordingly, changes should be applied in approach to water demand and supply management. Also, policies should be adopted to cope with climate change.

The main purpose of the research is a survey of patients' satisfaction of health system development plan. The statistical population of this area is 7000 patients in Khatam al-Anbia and Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospitals. 313 patients were selected through stratified sampling in 2017. In this study, satisfaction of patients from different dimensions of the effects of Health System Development Plan was investigated using customer satisfaction method (CSM) and the SPSS software. The results show that the level of satisfaction of individuals from Health System Development Plan has been higher for increasing natural delivery than other goals. However, the component “increase in the duration of doctors’ service in deprived areas” has the lowest satisfaction rate among patients. A review of the overall performance of the Health System Development shows satisfaction above 50% for all aspects, which suggests that the plan has succeeded in achieving its goals.

The main objective of the present study was to prioritize the allocation of water resources of Chahnimeh reservoirs from economic, social, and environmental perspectives in 2015-2016 season using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity of an ideal solution (FTOPSIS) as the branches of fuzzy multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) models. Data were collected from the experts and officials of the relevant organizations by a questionnaire. Nine parameters were used for prioritization and modeling. Results revealed that in FAHP from economic and social perspectives, the agriculture sector had the highest weights of 0.4 and 0.269, respectively. However, the priority to enjoy the water of three Hāmūn lagoons was granted to the environmental sector in environment perspective. FTOPSIS results confirmed the results of FAHP.

Climate change as an unavoidable challenge affects many different natural and human aspects and requires serious planning in this regard. One of the sectors that is heavily dependent on such changes is the agricultural sector and its development. The impact of this sector and, consequently, the development of these changes means a change in production and hence the price of farmers’ products and incomes, and requires planning in this regard. In this study, using data on the production of five major crops in Iran and also data on weather and climate during the period of 1394-1379, the impact of climate change on Iranian agricultural development and its proper planning to address these changes has been addressed. Therefore, considering four different climate scenarios and using a positive mathematical programming approach, this goal has been investigated for 20 years. The results of the research show that the two scenarios of climate change and combined climate variability and climate change have the most effect on the indexes studied. According to these results, in the scenarios 1-4, the area under cultivation is 1965.8, 1416.14, 1972.9 and 1414.7 thousand hectares respectively, the average net income is 12853.6, 10842.9, 12879.1 and 10873.52 billion Toman. The average price per tonne of products will be 8.07, 9.9, 8.06 and 9.91 million Toman.Therefore, for managing climate change and reducing its negative impacts on agricultural development, suggestions such as urgent and urgent planning for water management, changes in macroeconomic management planning and changes in policy making in the agricultural economy are one of the suggestions is to adapt to climate change and manage its negative impacts on agricultural development.

One of the main challenges hindering optimal water resources management is the problem of optimal exploitation of dam reservoirs. Different methods have been used for optimization problems, but since conventional optimization methods are unable to solve complicated optimization problems, the metaheuristic algorithms are increasingly focused on. As such, the present study uses a genetic metaheuristic algorithm for optimizing Chah-Nimeh water wells of the Sistan region. The main objective is to optimally allocate the water of Chah-Nimeh reserves to users in the Sistan region using a genetic algorithm in the context of managerial scenarios with an emphasis on the scenario of dust stabilization. The results of the genetic algorithm show that in the first year, the optimal discharge rate is 20.3531 million m3 and the demand is 98.3121 million m3, so 77.959 million m3 of the demand is unsatisfied. The results reveal that the genetic algorithm could give a proper optimal answer. Furthermore, it is found that in dust stabilization scenario, shortly after the implementation of the scenario, the discharge will not be possible for the agricultural sector anymore (by 2010).

In Iran, over recent decades, trading program of water permits was developed due to their efficiency in dealing with water scarcity through the use of less water and the creation of released water for consumption with higher value, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, in this study, in order to survey the trading program of water permits between farmers, two water allocation programs under non-trading and trading systems were designed based on Interval-Parameter Two-Stage Stochastic Program Model. Then, the obtained results of two programs were compared based on index of released water volume and decrease in water deficiency. For this study, 40 farmlands in Yolmeh-Salian village and 30 farmlands in Sheikhabad village were selected; all the villages used water from the Voshmgir dam located in Aq-Qala County. The study results showed that the water allocation under trading program led to released water in Yolmeh-Salian, with low and high limits of interval by [261/69, 374/71] ×103 m3 and decrease in water deficiency by interval of [298/61,486/64]×103 m3 with protection of benefit by [237/91, 351/57] million tomans (i.e. × 10 rials); and in Sheikhabad, it led to released water by interval of [176,244/12] ×103 m3 and decrease in water deficiency by [228/44,317/04] ×103 m3 with the protection of benefit by [141/39 , 210/10] million tomans, compared to the non-trading program of water permits.