javad taei semiromi

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) is a plant belonging to the genus Mint. The origin of this plant is reported to be Asia Minor and it goes from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea as well as in the sandy areas of the Mediterranean. Usable parts of hyssop are flowering branches, leaves and seeds. Nowadays, the simulation models of growth and development have been used as suitable tools for acknowledging and analyzing the effect of plant, soil and atmosphere parameters for plants growth and development. Over the last two decades, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) has developed and successfully applied the agro-ecological zones (AEZ) methodology and supporting software packages to analysis solutions to various problems of land resources for planning and management for sustainable agricultural development at regional, national and sub-national levels. The issues addressed include linking land-use outputs with other development goals in such areas as food production, food self-sufficiency, cash crop requirements, issues of soil fertility constraints, soil erosion risks and land degradation. This procedure can calculate and present the potential biomass production of any crops under specific climatic condition using climatology parameters. FAO has presented the procedure manual of AEZ Package as a guideline to analyze land suitability for any crops. So, the current research is done to investigate the optimum planting date and forecast the biomass production of Hyssop using the AEZ model.

 The experiment was conducted as a split-plot in a completely randomized block design with six planting dates and three replications in 2017-2018. The main factor was different levels of nitrogen fertilizer: 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha and sub-factor was planting dates between 30-day periods from October 17 to March 25. The data of this experiment were used to calibrate the model of AEZ and the data of two years of planting date experiments in the period 2016-2017 were used to evaluate the model, so that the data collected in the first year were used for calibration and the data of the second year were used for evaluation. The index of Physiological Days (PDays) was used for analyzing photoperiod response of Hyssop during different planting date. The procedure of Soltane et al., (2006) was used to calculate PDays index.

 The AEZ model evaluation results showed that the RMSEn value of the predicted biomass was 10.81%, and the efficiency index (E), the Hyssop adaptation index (D) value, the coefficient of residual mass (CRM) value in the first year for the predicted value was 0.999, 0.98 and 0.06, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) was obtained by linear regression analysis of functions between the actual and simulated values in the first year (R2=0.98). The RMSEn, (E), (D) and (CRM) values for the predicted biomass in the second year were 5.96, 0.999, 0.0454 and 0.98%, respectively. These results indicate that the simulated and real values are in good agreement. Consequently, the model simulated the biomass with high accuracy. The results of biomass and yield analyzing using AEZ model indicated limited growth period with in a period in Jiroft station can be occurred from May to September 21, at this period, the plant stops growing and the yield decreases. Based on model estimation values for other related climatology stations: the highest biomass yield for Bam climatology station (2321.9 kg/ha and 23550.2 kg/ha respectively) can be September to early October, the cold stress limitation can be occurred at the planting date from December 1st to February 3th and the heat stress can be occurred on July planting date. In Kahnuj station, limited growth period with high temperature can be occurred from Early May to September 11, the highest biomass performance can (19413.9 kg/ha and 19764.3 kg/ha respectively) be obtained at the planting date from October to early November.

 Given the ability of the AEZ model to analyze the hyssop plant production system, which is able to simulate the effect of different c
limatic, climatic, soil, managerial and plant variables on plant growth and yield, this model can be widely used in different regions as He used an important decision-making and management tool in research and executive dimensions.

Sesbania is a perennial legume that grows mostly in the tropics of Asia, Africa and Australia. This plant tolerates different type of soils, especially saline soils. Due to appropriate protein percentage and relatively low fiber, this plant can be used in ruminant diets. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and digestibility of sesbania (Sesbania sesban) using gas production technique and to evaluate the trend of changes in these parameters from the third week to ninth week of growth. The samples from whole plant, leaves and stems were collected separately at third, fifth, seventh and ninth week of planting, to measure chemical composition (dry matter, protein, ash, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) and also in vitro digestibility by gas production technique. The results of this experiment showed that the percentage of NDF and ADF increased significantly with the growth in the whole plant, leaves and stems, so that in the whole plant the amount of NDF increased from 35.66% in the third week to 46.08% in ninth week, and ADF ranged from 22.90 in the third week to 35.43 in the ninth week. Protein concentration decreased with aging in all parts of the plant. The amount of protein in the ninth week of growth was approximately 17.38% and 21.01% in the whole plant and leaves, respectively. With increasing plant age, along with increasing the concentration of structural carbohydrates and protein reduction in all three samples (whole plant, leaves and stems), the production of cumulative gas after 48 hours, total gas production, metabolisable energy, short chain fatty acids and organic matter digestibility decreased. The results of this study showed that according to the amount of dry matter and other measured compounds, the most appropriate time to harvest this plant as a whole plant is the seventh week of cultivation and the whole sesbania or its leaves can be a good source of livestock fodder after about two months of cultivation.

This research was conducted in order to measure of yield, yield components and some indices of intercropping and determination of the best intercropping ration in two medicinal plants Hyssopus officinalis and Plantago ovate.  

The experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and three replications in the field of research of Jiroft University. The treatments including 100% H. officinalis + 20% P. ovata (H100: P20), 100% H. officinalis + 40% P. ovata (H100: P40), 100% H. officinalis + 60% P. ovata (H100: P60), 100% H. officinalis + 80% P. ovata (H100: P80), 100% H. officinalis + 100% P. ovata (H100: P100) and single crop of two species (H100) and (P100). The studied characteristics including plant height, number of branches, biomass yield, essence percentage in H. officinalis and plant height, number of spikes per plant, 100-seed weight, grain yield and harvesting index in P. ovate. Evaluation of efficiency and usefulness intercropping by Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and system productivity index (SPI) were used.  

The results showed that all the studied traits except biomass yield of Hyssopus officinalis were significantly affected by different intercropping ratios in this study. The highest seed yield and biological yield in P. ovate were obtained in single crop 3393.3 and 4286.6 kg.ha-1, respectively. The highest essence percentage was obtained from single crop of H. officinalis that no significant difference with H100:P20 (161773 and 135842 g.ha-1). Maximum LER (1.41) and SPI (21998) were obtained in H100: P80.  

The LER for all intercropping treatments was greater than one which indicates that intercropping had advantage over sole crop. According to the results of the study H100: P80 can be suggested as the best cropping pattern in region.

This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of climate change on changes in cold stress on potato plants in tropical regions of Kerman province. In this study, changes in the occurrence of cold stress in the observation data of three stations of Jiroft, Kahnouj and Manoajan during the period 1981-2005 and the period 2011-2100 were considered as the future period. The future course data, using of the general circulation model CanESM2 under rcp26, rcp45 and rcp85scenarios, using were quantified SDSM software.the climatic indices used to evaluate the changes in cold stress in potatoes were determined by the tolerance thresholds of potatoes and based on the average of long-term climate statistics and was evaluated its probability of occurrence during the growth period. In the Jiroft station the probability of occurrence of premature and late temperature below 5℃ respectively than 83% and 63% decrease. At Kahnoj and Manoajan stations, the probability of occurrence of premature and late temperature below 5℃ in the future period decreased and increased, respectively.The beginning and the end of the incidence of cold stresses have been set at the beginning and end of the cold season.The statistical results indicate an increasing the days of cold stress (5≤T≤0) at the Jiroft station during the periods 2011-2040 and the Manojan Station in the period 2071-2100 compared to the previous period . At the Kahnouj station, decreases the frequency of days with cold stress. However, the days with freezing stress in Jiroft, Kahnoj and Manojan stations in the next climate periods are showing a significant increase.The results indicate that the average date of occurrence of early stages is 10 days earlier and the late stages are 14 days later than the average long-term climate in the study area.