فهرست مطالب k. mazlumi

The essential reduction of fossil fuels and environmental pollutants has caused Electric Vehicles (EVs) to be considered. EVs are able to participate as a manufacturer in the electricity market through Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology. This greatly improves the reliability of distribution systems. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the charging and discharging process in the parking lot. This paper has firstly investigated the different strategies for planning the charging and discharging process of EVs considering the random and unpredictable nature of various parameters, and also the limitation of the power exchange between the distribution system and parking, to evaluate the impact of V2G-equipped parking spaces on reliability. An appropriate strategy is the strategy that will increase the owner's interest in the parking lot. The results show that the use of V2G and charge-discharge strategies improve reliability (SAIFI, SAIDI, ASAI and ENS indices) of the distribution system. By examining the results of each of the strategies, the proposed strategies are able to increase parking revenue by an average of 21.6% and improve reliability indices of the distribution network up to 8.8%.

Directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) are the essential protective devices in distribution networks which are usually set without considering any contingencies. However, the current challenge in power systems is the existence of uncertainty and its unfavorable consequences. It sometimes appears that some elements simultaneously fail which makes other parts to be overloaded to the extent that it leads to cascading outages. Therefore, DOCRs may have mal-operation which ends in unwanted trips when there is no fault, or they may not operate in the case the fault is located within their reach point. In such cases, the coordination setting will need complex programming with many related non-linear inequality constraints. In this paper, a novel hybrid method is proposed based on multi-objective optimization including new objective functions by using the genetic algorithm (GA). Also, the cascading outages are considered in the presented method based on network data analysis. This approach is performed on distribution part of the IEEE 14-bus meshed system, and a real industrial radial feeder named TOSEE, located in Iran. The simulations have been implemented in MATLAB and PowerFactory-DIgSILENT software packages in different models, and the results are evaluated.