kamal dorrani

This research focuses on the need to develop meaningful training programs as a part of the reform of the secondary education system. Given that preparing the future managers is a responsibility we all share today, this study aims at designing a model for training future managers. This study adopted a qualitative exploratory approach. Accordingly, subsequent to reviewing the related literature, the semi-structured interviews with 15 selected senior managers in the Ministry of Education as well as experts and elites of the field were done. Participants were selected based on the snowball method. The interviews continued until the saturation level was achieved. Then, interviews were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. After analyzing the data and extracting the codes, they were classified into three major categories: 47 basic concepts, 18 organizers, and 5 inclusive themes, as the components of the model. The five inclusive themes were named as self-management, social factors, management of others, planning and the education system policy, and educational skills. Then, the model was designed based on the relationships among the themes. Finally, the research findings suggested that teaching management skills to adolescents, based on the recommended model of secondary school education system transformation, would lead to changes in the educational policy and development of such management skills as communication skills, critical thinking, leadership, and teamwork. At the end, recommendations are made based on the sub-themes obtained in each area and the key points raised by the experts of the field.

The purpose of the study was to provide a model for explaining the game-based learning process in the courses of "organizational training" based on the problem-solving approach. Data collection was performed through document analysis techniques and observation and analyzed based on the reflection method. The opinions of educational and game experts and the researcher's self-review were used to validate the model. Also, the extracted components of the learning model based on the game with the problem-solving approach were given to ten experts who were selected by the criterion-based sampling method And their comments were applied to the presentation of the model. In the following, based on the presented model the situation of the two courses of organizational training that were held based on the game was criticized and members' review was used to validate it. The main components of this model are analysis, goal setting, motivational system development, development of learning opportunities, monitoring and evaluation, which are covered by effective learning environment, interaction, reflection and meaning adaptation. These components are implemented under an umbrella called the orbital problem.

Managers are of a great importance to the population because of their position and the influence they usually have on subordinates and in general on organizational performance. Fundamental personality structures, behaviours, communication skills have a significant effect on individuals. One of these fundamental structures is cognitive schemas. Moreover, Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between managers’ cognitive schemas and leadership style with their communication style.

the current study is a descriptive-survey study. The statistical population includes all the senior managers in non-governmental organizations. 185 senior managers were selected through convenience sampling method and completed Fideller Leadership Style Questionnaire, Barton Communication Skills and Yang Schema questionnaires. Data were analyzed utilizing stepwise multiple regression methods.

Results showed that schemas such as defectiveness/shame, obedience, mistrust and emotional deprivation can predict managers’ leadership style. Additionally, some of the schemas including entitlement, sacrifice, defectiveness/shame and unrelenting standards anticipate their communication skills.

In order to assessing managers cognitive and fundamental personality structure can help to predict his/her leadership style and communication skills

The aim of this present study is identifying the potential factors involved in dictation disruption in primary school students. For this purpose, a descriptive phenomenological method was used. 23 semi-structured interviews were completed by 14 primary teachers and 9 experts. The data analysis was conducted through Colaizzi's seven-step method, to identify and classify first 101 codes, 19 sub themes and 7 main themes. Member checking, triangulation and Prolonged Engagement were employed to validate the findings of External audit. The main extracted themes included: psychological, environmental, linguistic, program, understanding, personal, and physiological factors. The results revealed that elementary school students face numerous and variety of dictation disorders and this necessitates the immediate and serious attention and action of primary education administrators in order to improve the quality of dictation teaching, the process of assessing academic achievement and preventing the aggravation of its consequences. Based on the obtained results, the recommendations are presented for improving the status and providing context for reducing the disruptions.

The purpose of this survey was to identify the types of teacher’s bullying behavior and its prevalence in school in Tehran, this was done by classifying sampling in schools. After confirmation by the experts, the researcher-made questionnaire was tested experimentally and Cronbach's alpha was calculated. EFA of data from 1046 students showed that there were three components of physical, psychological and verbal bullying, and CfA revealed its appropriateness. Another of physical, psychological and verbal bullying were observed in boys 'schools while psychological, physical and verbal bullying were observed in girls' schools. Students who were never experienced physical, psychological and verbal bullying were 81.64, 73.33, and 76.86 percent, respectively. Physical and verbal bullying are more prevalent in boys and a similar pattern of psychological bullying was seen in both gender. The lowest and highest level of all types of bulling was observed in District 1,19,13, 10, respectively. While psychological bullying had a similar pattern in various grades, the maximum amount of the physical bullying was seen in the eighth and the minimum was seen in the fifth grade. The maximum and minimum amount of the verbal bullying was respectively.

In the field of bullying in educational settings, many of the studies have been focused on peers; however, bullying behaviors can be seen in adults, and even teachers. This study aimed to develop and validate teacher bullying scale which measures the various forms of bullying behaviors displayed by teachers. The initial stages of the scale design were determined by defining the target structure, creating items and receiving and reviewing the views of the experts (faculty members of the Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Tehran). The psychometric characteristics of teacher bullying scale were examined by implementing a questionnaire in 20 primary and secondary schools in Tehran. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed that the teacher bullying scale comprised 28 items in 3 components of physical bullying (11 cases), bullying (10 cases) and verbal bullying (7 cases). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the3 components that were obtained were validated. The teacher's bullying scale also had a good internal consistency for the overall score scale and its sub-dimensions.

Children and teenagers learn norms, motivation, attitudes and behaviors and maintain interpersonal relationships to adapt to social needs through the acquisition of social skills. Schools have an important role in the development of these skills in students. Due to the importance of the issue and the role of Document of Fundamental Transformations in Education on this institution’s policies, this study is quantitative analysis of the contents of Document of Fundamental Transformations in terms of attention to the categories of social skills from the goal setting teleologic perspective. After sorting and counting covert and overt statements, and calculate descriptive statistics, to estimate the degree of importance of Indicators, Shannon entropy method was used. For calculating the reliability and validity of research re-encoding was used by other researchers in Chapter 4 of the document and agreement coefficient obtained 92.75 percent. Results showed that the highest amount of attention and the importance was about Relationship skills (41 percent) and then was responsibility (27 percent) and coping skills (20 percent). Empathy (0.5 percent) and Assertiveness (0/68 percent) had been little attention.

Discovering the ideological gaps, moral, emotional and spiritual by parents and upbringing practitioners can make a favorable context for shaping, forming identity religious in adolescents and reduce the increasing damages in this sphere and strengthen the religion belief in future. The aim of present study is deep explore in meaning and the concept of religious belief in eighth grade students has been done. Representation and understanding this people’s lived experience and affecting factors in forming and offering the guideline strategies for reducing the present damages is considered. For this purpose and according to the fanciful capacity of qualitative approaches especially phenomenology of semi-structured interviews with students at the sixteenth interview with eighth grade students was used. The method was purposeful sampling and saturation is appeared and data results were analyzed with the seven stage Collizzi. The findings show that these students have got sensational view to religious belief and they couldn’t understand the religious priority. results also indicate that their religious belief are appeared in four groups , including “ belief” , “ religious feelings”, “ religious activities” , “ thinking and religious knowledge “.what was extracted from interviews indicated that students described three main issues including “ learning environment and teachers” ,” the role of families and parents” , “ media and advertising methods in society” and they believed that these three main issues are the factors of debilitation or amplification of religious belief in their opinion.

The aim of this study was to survey the quality of the educational activities of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Bu Ali Sina University in Hamadan, based on the importance- performance analysis model. Population of research was a graduate and master students of the Faculty that 350 of which were selected through available sampling method and were examined. The instrument to collect the data was a researcher-made questionnaire which measured seven dimensions of quality of educational activities, including objectives, content, teaching method, teachers’ characteristics, structure, resources and the evaluation methods of academic achievement at two levels of perceptions and expectations. The validity of the questionnaire was examined and approved according to some experts’ view and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient (96 percent). The results showed that there was a significant and negative gap between students, The gap between the components, objectives, content, teaching methods, teachers, structure, resources and evaluation methods, was respectively 060/1-, 346/1-,886/0-, 121/1-,249/1-,472/1-,886/0-, perceptions and expectations for learning activities in general and in separate dimensions.

Abstract: Identifying the effective factors in the success of top people, and trying to take advantage of them, is one of the most important strategies for success. The lack of an in-depth study in representing the success factors of top students at the university entrance exam motivated the researchers to conduct the present study. The data were collected through a qualitative approach and a deep semi-structured interview with the elective students of university entrance exam, which were selected by the extreme case sampling. After 12 interviews, theoretical saturation was analyzed and data analysis was performed based on a seven-stage Collizzi. The deep analysis of the participant's experience of life has resulted in the classification of seven main themes (main success factors). The results were presented to the participating professors and confirmed after successive studies. The findings indicated that the identified seven factors played a major role in achieving top rank in the university entrance exam. These factors include self-motivation, ambition, purposefulness, speed, learning strategies, learning environment and family features.

Knowledge transfer is known as a core process in knowledge management. Its decent and influential function in organizations would result in regeneration and innovation of knowledge.
Due to this importance, the most recent research in knowledge management has been inclined toward knowledge transfer concept. We aimed to investigate the most influencing contributing factors in knowledge transfer and knowledge sharing within the faculty members at Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
This investigation has been conducted with a qualitative approach as well as implanting GT approach. The toolkit is semi-structured interviews that are done on a sample of 17 faculty members of ten distinct departments of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data has been content analyzed with coding method.
By carefully analyzing the interviews from 272 preliminary open codes after sequential analogies and induction, 54 concepts have been extracted that were categorized into one of eleven classes constituting the effective items and factors in knowledge transfer among faculty members, respectively. These categories could be placed into , non-communication factors and communication factors. The non-communication factors were knowledge actors (professors), organization (university), the knowledge, and surroundings. The communication factors are the factors that are formed in the dual relationships between the relevant factors.
A decent knowledge flow in working groups and collaborative societies of faculty members within a department or through different university departments would lead to a better research and education management. This could also bring about some advantages: the research in each department falls in a well-defined, pre-missioned channel, avoiding scattered research works, and enhancing the training and research. The awareness of university senior managers about influencing contributing factors of knowledge transfer and their functions provide a robust panel for tracing the knowledge flow and help them establish the knowledge flow for production and regeneration of genuine knowledge.

The present study is going to evaluate the relation between knowledge management processes and job performance of employees in university of Tehran. The research’s sample includes 105 employees of Tehran university (21 men and 84 women) using the random sampling and applying the Cochran formula. Besides, research’s data was gathered through performance appraisal checklist and knowledge management questionnaire. The analysis of information was done by using statistical methods (T -test, Anova , U Whitney, mean and Pearson correlation coefficient). The findings of the study showed that the situation of knowledge management among employees is lower than the supposed mean and that the job performance is above average. Evaluation of knowledge management and job performance among demographic variables: gender, age, educational level and history of serving demonstrated that only the age with knowledge management and also age, sex with job performance showed a significant difference. The results of the correlation coefficient between the components of the Knowledge Management and those of job performance indicated that the only significant correlation was found between the component of knowledge acquisition and the components of job performance (task and context performance) and among other variables no significant correlation was discovered

The purpose of this study is to design of education organizational culture model. This study is descriptive and practical which has been done by a quantitative method. This study was done with a research question to determine the components of organizational culture of the education department with inductive approach and method of Multi Grounded theory، using a problem-based interview and applying the Schein’s model on culture evaluation. The considering the research question، the findings of the study resulted in predicting components and designing organizational culture pattern. this pattern with 12 cultural index in three dimensions ‘ external adaptation’; ‘ internal integratoin’ and ‘human relationship’ concentrating religious teachings ‘Hayat-e-Tayyebeh’ and was confirmed as the ultimate pattern for education organizational culture.

Smart school project is a new step in information age; it can create fundamental changes in teaching-learning process as well as teacher-student tasks and roles and integration of information technology and curriculum. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate smart schools current statues in Mazandaran province based on “Smart School” Conceptual Model during the academic year 2011-12. The research is non-experimental and to say more specifically is descriptive-analytical. The population contained all principals, technology experts and teachers of selected smart schools of Mazandaran province. The sampling method is completed census; census; it means that the number of sample is equal to the whole society (181). The data was collected using scholar-made questionnaires and observation check list. Questionnaire validity and reliability are estimated using content validity and Cronbach alpha formula. The Cronbach alpha in term of manager and IT deputies'' questionnaire and teacher’s questionnaire are calculated (%95) and (%88), respectively. descriptive statistics and inferential indicators results reveal that public smart schools of Mazandaran province are in fairly desirable level and private smart schools are in desirable level which is close to Smart School Development” Conceptual Model components and standards. to improve current statue of smart schools in Mazandaran province and to achieve a desired level, guidelines and recommendations are presented.

The aim of this research was to determine the rate of using cell phone for educational and general purposes by postgraduate and PhD students of the University of Tehran. To obtain this goal، using a descriptive survey method، students'' opinions were investigated. The statistical population consisted of 12933 postgraduate and PhD students of Tehran University، among whom a sample of 516 students were selected based on the stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire، the validity of which had been calculated by e-learning experts and supervisors. Its reliability was calculated 0. 84 using Cronbach alpha coefficient. For data analysis، Kolmogorov-Smirnov، ANOVA، and Kruskal-Wallis tests in SPSS software were used. The findings showed that the rate of using mobile capabilities and features for general and educational purposes by the students was less than the average rate، and only in some capabilities، such as audio، SMS and call for general purposes was more than average. Other findings showed that general use of mobile phones was different between students based on educational degree and fields of study. Also، there was not a significant difference among educational subgroups in the usage of mobile phone capabilities and features for educational purposes. Therefore، faculty members are recommended to change their traditional approaches in teaching-learning activities to encourage more the student community to use mobile technologies for educational purposes.

This study compared the working memory performance and its subsystems (phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad and central executive) between literate and illiterate adults. The study was based on a descriptive methodology, using a causal-comparative method. The sample consisted of adult students in the final course of Nehzat Savad Amouzi Organization (NSAO) in Kurdestan, made up of 67 individuals who constituted the literate group and were matched with 67 other students who constituted the illiterate group. The 67 adults in each group were matched for age, gender, job, and intelligence. Based on the last works (Hassanpoor, H. H. 2003, Dutke, S., & Mike, R. 2006, Lee et al. 2007, Swanson, H. L. 1992 & Oberauer, K, et al. 2003) we used a test for each working memory subsystems and administered individually. For investigating the differences between the two groups, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. The results of the MANOVA analysis indicated that there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.001) between the groups in working memory performance and all its subsystems. This study suggests that, literacy could be the main factor in improving the working memory performance in adulthood.

This study examined and comparison extension agents’ and farmers’ view towards in the agricultural extension education problems in Dezful. It way a descriptive study applying، survey method. The statistical population consisted of 5060 farmers and 50 extension agents. All extension agents were studied due to their small population and a sample of 466 farmers was selected based on the stratified ratio sampling method. The instrument was a researcher made questionnaire. For the purpose of data analysis، the statistical procedures including t test،، and factor analysis. The findings of factor analysis on the views of extension agents indicated that these courses dealt with problems such as usage of uniform methods of instruction for teaching content of the courses by extension agents، lack of insufficient information about the time of courses to farmers، and lack of incentives for creation motivation in farmers. Also، the findings of factor analysis on the views of farmers indicated that these courses encounter problems such as inadequate instruction and assistant equipments usage by extension agents،incompetent employment of knowledgeable and experienced extension agents corresponding to updated agricultural issues، lack of conformity in courses with time conditions of farmers، and ignoring the opinions of farmers in the arranging courses.

In the present study, communication skills of elementary teachers in teaching- learning process in the first semester of the academic year of 2010-11 has been studies from the perspective of teachers and students in the villages of Arshaq region in Ardabil province. The sample of this study were chosen from teachers and students communities. This included 50 teachers and 200 students. The sampling is random and the research is a descriptive one. The measurement tool in this study is a communication skills questionnaire in two versions for teachers and students. According to research findings that have been extracted using descriptive and inferential statistics, rural teachers considered their communication skills to be high. But the communication skills of teachers are considered medium and less than medium form the students’ perspectives. In fact, teachers, unlike students, have a more positive picture of the communication skills and interpersonal communications in the classroom. In other words, according to research findings, in the surveyed rural schools, the human relations, is not satisfactory. One reason for this fact is the teachers’ unfamiliarity with culture, environment and condition of village.

Universities of medical sciences in Iran have recently employed different quality management approaches according to their own reasoning. They include accreditation, total quality management (TQM), suggestion system, ISO 9000, and productivity. This study aimed to identify chosen approaches in Iranian Medical universities and clarify the reasons of selection as well as practical measures made according to the selected approach. This was a survey study. Study population included the vice chancellors for education of all of the 41 universities of medical sciences affiliated to Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. For data collection, a questionnaire including 27 questions was developed by the researcher. 62% of the universities of medical sciences have selected Total Quality Managements approach, 46% Suggestion System, 41% Accreditation, 22% Productivity, and 16% ISO9000.The knowledge of the requirements of the approach has been most influential in the selection of the accreditation(69%) and least influential in the selection of the ISO 9000(62%). Vice chancellors’ awareness and belief has been most influential in the selection of the productivity(75%) and least influential in the selection of the suggestion system(69%). The support and push from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education(MOHME) has been most influential in the selection of the ISO9000(77%), and least influential in the selection of the suggestion system(68%). Regarding practical measueres, maximum training activities have been focused on accreditation (66%) and the least on the suggestion system (58%). ISO9000 has received the most support (66%) from the MOHME, and accreditation and total quality managements have received the least support (60%). Productivity and suggestion system approaches have had maximum achievements(72%), and ISO 9000 and accreditation have had minimum achievement rates(62%). It seems that Universities were confused by successive official orders from MOHME. Since aware voluntary selection of quality approach could be more influential than official orders, TQM approach was more frequently implemented. Therefore it is recommended to inform managers about quality management and implement it by reform in organizational culture, so that institutions admit it as an essential element in their organization.