فهرست مطالب kamran ebrahimi

Pregnant women are at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 due to their weakened immune systems. There are various related factors for severe COVID-19 in pregnant women. This study aimed to assess the severe COVID-19 rate and its associated factors among Iranian pregnant women.

In this multi-center cross-sectional study from 21 March 2020-21 March 2021, all pregnant women (N=488) with COVID-19 who were admitted to healthcare centers in three counties (Mahabad, Miandoab, Bukan) in Iran were enrolled. Patients were categorized into two groups; hospitalized (severe COVID-19) and non-hospitalized. Data were collected through medical records using a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression.

The mean age of pregnant women was 29.8±6.37 years and 19.9% were hospitalized(N=89). The COVID-19 hospitalization in pregnant women was significantly associated with fever (temperature ≥38 C) [aOR = 3.59, (95%CI; 2.08-6.17)], shortness of breath [aOR = 2.12, (95%CI; 1.24-3.61)], diagnosis of COVID-19 in the second trimester [aOR = 4.48, 95%CI; 1.48-13.58)], residence in the urban area [aOR = 0.45, (95%CI; 0.24-0.84)], and diploma and more education level [aOR = 0.58, (95%CI; 0.33-0.98)].

Urban residency and higher education level were protective factors. Fever, shortness of breath, and diagnosis of COVID-19 in the second trimester of pregnancy were related factors for hospitalization. Early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for pregnant women with positive COVID-19 tests are essential in disease control. a longitudinal study with appropriate follow-up time to identify factors related to severe COVID-19 among pregnant women is needed.

This study presents the experimental results and numerical analyzes on the conical and pyramidal shell foundations located on loose unreinforced and reinforced with geogrid sand. The results have been compared with the values studied for flat circular and square foundations. Laboratory studies were performed on different types of shell foundations with different apex angles using small-scale physical modeling. In order to extend of study for determination of the effect of various conditions of foundation’s depth to width ratio and the number of geogrid layers on bearing capacity ratio, numerical analyses have been done by limit analysis method. The results have shown that, in general, increasing the depth of the foundations and the use of reinforcing structures ameliorate the geotechnical performance of foundations in both flat and shell models, although this enhancement is more evident in plane foundations. The load bearing capacity for the foundations with 180°, 120°, 90°, and 60° apex angles is put up to 40%, 36%, 32%, and 28%, respectively by rising in the foundation depth to Df/B=0.5, and is raised to 76%, 67%, 61%, and 55%, respectively by the growth of the foundation depth to Df/B=1.0. The use of geogrids increases the bearing capacity of plane foundations more than the shell foundations. The use of a single geogrid layer increased the bearing capacity of the foundations on the soil surface by an average of 79%, while the use of two layers of geogrid increased the bearing capacity by 86%, reflecting the fact that the use of two layers of geogrid will not significantly improve the bearing capacity in comparison to the condition when the soil is reinforced with a single geogrid layer. Bearing capacity of buried foundations with Df/B=0.5 is increased to 50% and 53% by using a single geogrid layer and double geogrid layer, respectively, and with Df/B=1.0 is increased to 28% and 30% by using a single geogrid layer and double geogrid layer, respectively, in comparison to foundations which are built on surface unreinforced soil. For foundations on the soil surface with 180°, 120°, 90°, and 60° apex angles, using a single geogrid layer increases the average bearing capacity to 99%, 81%, 75%, and 60%, respectively, and the use of two layers of geogrid increases to 110%, 90%, 78%, and 62%, respectively. These conditions are less pronounced for buried foundations and the increase in load bearing capacity for footings with all apex angles is about 50% for Df/B=0.5 and 29% for Df/B=1.0. The use of two layers of geogrid will have less impact on the foundations with smaller apex angles.

Bioterrorism is an important health issue all overthe world. Rapid identification and preparation in dealing with bioterrorism attacks are the best methods of defense against bioterrorism. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the knowledgeand organizational readiness of health care providers in dealing with bioterrorist attacks.

This study was a cross-sectional study conducted by census and with the informed participation of all health care providers of Bukan health center with 105 people.In order to do the work, a researcher-made questionnaire was used in three sections: demographic, knowledge(16 questions) and organizational readiness (14 questions). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the faculty membersShahid Beheshti University, School of Public Health and Safety.Cronbach's alpha test was used to determinethe reliability of the questionnaire in two areas of knowledge and organizational readiness for 20 samples. Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was (70.9% and 76.4%), respectively, and SPSS v. 21 software was used for data analysis.

Organizational readiness of health care providers in dealing with bioterrorismattacks was 23.6%. In addition, awareness of bioterrorismand biological defense was 89.5% with maximum score in fighting bioterrorism equal to 89.5% and minimum score in recognizing bioterrorism equal to 67.6%. There was a directand statistically significant relationship between awareness and work experience (p=0.022).

The results of the present study can be helpful in managing health policy makers in order to do educational interventions to promote participation in healthmanagement, performance and integration of front-line forces against bioterrorism in the community.

This study focused on lifting drill rods. Drilling is a repetitive and heavy mining operation with a high incidence and severity of musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine how to lift a vertical drill bit (1.61m and 35kg in height) using two types of rod height and four feet positions, and finally compare them with the Lifting Index (LI). Seven workers participated in this study. Each person raised a rod and held it vertically. Reflective markers were installed on each person, and from three cameras and an Ergo-meter plate for record forces and Movement of the limbs. In this case, four positions of the foot and pressures on the lower back were Investigated (position0=to the rod, position45=diagonally to the rod, position90=right side of the bar and free posture). In addition, two positions of the height of the rod were Investigated, at the first, the end of rod was on the ground (height of the rod was 83 m), and in the following the end of rod was on the Basket with height 20cm (rod height of 1.03 m). The Lifting Index (LI) for each person was equal to 1.4 in the NIOSH lifting equation. It was found that the vertical height of the rod had the greatest effect at the load on the lower back. Some workers use techniques that endure less pressure on their waist. Finally, it was found that the asymmetric loading Condition (90 ° angle) was the worst case compared to the Lifting index and NIOSH standard.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in the world that is mostly due to vascular disease. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most lethal form of coronary heart disease Which is increasing in developing countries. This study was done to calculate and compare lost years of life due to death and disability for the most important cause of death (myocardial infarction) in the studied population.
This cross-sectional study was carried out in Urmia university of Medical Sciences in Western Azerbaijan Province, Iran during 2012 to 2013. Confirmation of the occurrence of myocardial Infarction in hospitalized patients was based on clinical symptoms, changes in electrocardiogram and increases of cardiac enzymes (CK-M Band Troponin). The burden of health from Myocardial Infarction was calculated- using the disability adjusted life years index (DALY). The morbidity data of MI was collected from myocardial infarction Registration System Department of Health, and mortality data were extracted based on death registration ICD10 (I 20-25).
The total occurrence of MI was 7235 patients (60.6% men and 39.4% women) with the mean ages of 69±15 years. Number of disability adjusted life years (DALY) caused by MI was 53804 years (17.7 per thousand people) and the portion of early death Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature death was 52170 years (17.1 per thousand people), and Years of Life Lost (YLD) due to disability resulting from the disease was 1634 years (0.54 per thousand people). The disease burden in men was more than in women, and the greatest burden was in the age group of 80 and above in both sexes. Prevalence rate of the MI was estimated 376 (Per hundred thousand people) and the MI accounted for 18.8% of all causes of death.
The high burden of myocardial infarction, especially in men, raises the incidence of Myocardial Infarction a health priority and the need for proper planning in order to take effective measures for the prevention and treatment.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in the world and a major cause of coronary artery obstruction. Myocardial infarction is the most fatal form of coronary heart disease that is increasing in developing countrie. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of age, sex, type of stroke, premature mortality and risk factors of type in patients with diagnosis of myocardial infarction in Western Azerbaijan province hospitals. This descriptive study was conducted using the medical records of 2337 patients extracted from Ministry of Health data in 2012 and 2013 in Western Azerbaijan province hospitals. The occurrence of myocardial infarction in patients during hospitalization with ECG changes and elevated cardiac enzymes (CK-MB و Troponin) were verified. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics. The study poulation were 72. 9% male and 27. 1% female with the mean age of 13±60 years, and 45 years of age had the highest distribution. The most important risk factors were smoking (45%) and hypertension (35%), respectively. Lower infarction with 34. 7% had the highest rate and hospital mortality rate was 2. 1% Hypertension is more common in men than in women, the greatest risk factor for myocardial infarction in this study is a history of smoking and hypertension. The location of myocardial infarction was associated with lower heart.