فهرست مطالب kamrani

Self-knowledge is the best way to reach the knowledge of God and achieve perfection and happiness. The purpose of this research is to explain and analyze what self-knowledge is and how to go through the stages of self-knowledge until reaching the status of monotheism of actions, attributes and essence. This research, with a descriptive and analytical approach and a library-based way of gathering, has been performed with the aim of extracting and analyzing the what of self-knowledge and its role in attaining the status of monotheism from Allameh Tabatabaichr('39')s point of view. Man realizes through cognition and intuition of the soul that there is no action or attribute except for God. This is the attainment of the status of monotheism of actions, attributes and essence. One`s becoming close to the principle of truth is as great as its existence and the truth that has emerged in it, and God is the ultimate truth of every perfection. Introducing the knowledge of the soul to the audience, especially the young generation, is the best and closest way to acquire Divine knowledge and reach the core of the truths of the universe and achieve perfection.

Using the catch data obtained from local fisheries fleet, length frequency, length-weight relationship and multifilament drift gillnet selectivity of longtail tuna were determined in Iranian waters of the Oman Sea (Chabahar), Iran. Multifilament drift gillnets with 100, 110, 130 and 165 mm stretched mesh size were utilized in fishing operations. For each species, fork length, total weight, head girth and maximum girth were measured. A total of 477 specimen were collected ranging from 32 to 90 cm fork length and mean length was recorded to be 55.15±0.61 cm. Head girth-fork length and maximum girth-length relationship were obtained as: Gh = 0.5379 FL + 0.4955 and Gmax = 0.5879 FL + 0.5095, respectively. All girth-length regressions were found to be linear. Using Sechin method, optimal catch size of 100, 110, 130 and 165 gillnet mesh sizes were determined as: 35, 38, 46 and 57 cm, respectively. Moreover, selection coefficient (K) was calculated 0.285 (100 mm mesh size), 0.289 (110 mm mesh size), 0.282 (130 mm mesh size) and 0.289 (165 mm mesh size) for longtail tuna gillnets. In this study, the selectivity curves were the shape of normal distribution and narrow.

The Length-Weight Relationship (LWR) and condition factors (CF) of 10441 the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense collected from Anzali lagoon from March to December 2015 were studied. Length, weight and other external features of all specimens were measured. The Total length and body weight of M. nipponense ranged from 12.3-97 mm and 0.1-11.7 g respectively. A strong positive relationship was observed between the shrimp length and weight in both sexes (r= 0.95). There were significant differences in the condition factors of males and females (p < 0.05). The lowest CF value was observed in station 1 (CF= 1.28 ± 0.04) and the highest in station 2 (CF= 1.38 ± 0.34). In this study the regression coefficient (b) was lower than 3.0 for females and 3 for males, and combined sexes which was reflecting allometric growth of the M. nipponense.

Ordinary differential equations(ODEs) with stochastic processes in their vector field, have lots of applications in science and engineering. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the numerical methods for ODEs with Wiener and Compound Poisson processes in more than one dimension. Ordinary differential equations with Ito diffusion which is a solution of an Ito stochastic differential equation will be considered. Because for the numerical solution of these equations we need the simulation of stochastic double integrals, we explain the simulation of these integrals in more details. Also one-step and multi steps methods for the solution of affine random ordinary equations (RODEs) which are an important class of RODEs will be considered. The numerical solution of these equations with Wiener and Compound Poisson processes will be established. Two methods for simulation of the double integrals will be explained, and some numerical examples are provided to confirm the theoretical results numerically.

Shift work is an unusual work pattern compared to day work. It can have adverse effects on human life from various aspects. Effects of shift work on people depend on their job, organizational and social environment, personal traits, and shift work schedule characteristics. The present study aimed at determining the job burnout and problems of shift workers of a water & wastewater contracting company in Tehran. This is a cross sectional study conducted in a water and wastewater contracting company in Tehran in 2015. The subjects of the study were 89 males (51 shift workers and 38 daytime workers). The Survey of Shift workers (SOS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaires were used to assess the shift work-related problems and job burnout, respectively. Finally, the data were analyzed by R software and statistical tests. The findings of this study did not show significant difference in the values of job burnout dimensions in both groups (shift workers and daytime workers). Job burnout scores for shift workers group showed that 27.3% in depersonalization and 19.5% in personal accomplishment dimensions were in severe problems category. According to the independent samples t-test, there was a significant difference in sleep hours in both groups (p<0.05). Also, 5.8% of the shift workers and 23.6% of the daytime workers had cardiovascular disorders. In this study, most of the shift workers were satisfied with their shift work system. It seems that more surveys in this area for the future studies is necessary.

Enzymes of marine organisms are ideal candidates for biomonitoring of pollution in marine environments. For the widespread use of enzymes in industrial processes, carried out under certain physico-chemical conditions, their stability must be improved. In this study, for the first time, chitosan nanoparticles were used as matrices for augmenting the stability of Penaeus vannamei (Whiteleg shrimp)-derived purified proteases against metallic ions. For the electrostatic binding of the enzyme to the chitosan nanoparticles, the protein solution at a concentration of 7mg/ml was added to the nanoparticles, and incubated for 4 hours at 10°C. After 3 times rinsing with phosphate buffer of pH=7.5, the nano-enzyme was dissolved in 1ml phosphate buffer, and used for further studies. The results of this study showed that Fe2+ and Mn2+ significantly increased the enzyme activity, whereas a strong inhibitory effect was observed in the presence of Cd2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, and a weak inhibitory effect in the presence of Na+ and K+. The immobilized enzyme exhibited greater resistance to metal ions than its free counterpart. The free enzyme was susceptible to the presence of metal ions, and with the increment of their concentrations, enzyme activity declines. From this nexus, it could be inferred that the high stability of immobilized enzyme is due to the presence of chitosan nanoparticles. Stability retention of the immobilized enzyme at high concentrations of metal ions indicates the efficacy and utility of the immobilization method in industrial enzyme technology.

In nanoecotoxicology science, fish erythrocyte micronucleus assay for the monitoring genotoxic potential of nanoparticles is a powerful biomarker. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating genotoxicity of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles in red blood cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using micronucleus assay under acute and chronic treatment. In the current experimental study, the genotoxit toxicology of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was performed during an acute (96 hours; 5 concentrations including 0, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/l) and chronic (14 days; 3 concentrations including 0, 100, and 500 mg/l) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in three replications. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 19, using two-way ANOVA, and Duncan's new multiple range test. Findings: Acute exposure to Fe3O4 nanoparticles had no acute toxicity effect juvenile carp (C. carpio). By increasing the concentration of nanoparticles in a 96-hour interval, the frequency of micronucleus (‰) and other abnormal forms around the red blood cell nucleus of juvenile carps showed a significant increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the chronic treatment at concentrations of 100 and 500 mg/l of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the rate of increase in the frequency of micronucleus was similar to the acute functional test of concentration. Although Fe3O4 nanoparticles do not have acute toxicity effects in common carp and are non-toxic, they tend to induce genotoxic effects by increasing the frequency of micronucleus and other abnormalities of the red blood cell core during a concentration-dependent process. So, it seems that the release of FeO4NPs into the environment, it is probable adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems.

Considering the importance of health and some disadvantages of the existing synthetic compounds, the present research aimed at evaluating the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Haliclona caerulea extracts. In the present experimental study, organic extracts of n-hexane, diethyl ether, and methanol were prepared by the Bligh and Dyer method from the marine sponge; then, antibacterial activity was measured by disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and antioxidant activity was measured by evaluating the regenerative power and determining the total antioxidant capacity of the extracts. The data were analyzed by Duncan's new multiple range test (MRT) one-way ANOVA test. SPSS 19 and Excel 2013 software were used. Findings: Methanol extract had the most antibacterial effect, especially against Gram positive bacterial of Bacillus subtilis with a concentration of 2.5mg/ml and Staphylococcus aureus with a concentration of 5mg/ml. Diethyl ether extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity at concentration of 5mg/ml. The methanol extract of Haliclona caerulea exhibits more antibacterial properties, and the diethyl ether extract of this sponge have a higher antioxidant effect.

  No study has been conducted on the antibacterial activity of sea anemone in the Persian Gulf region; thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic effect of Stichodactyla haddoni from Persian Gulf. In this experimental study, sea anemone samples were collected from the coast of Persian Gulf (Hormoz Island) and their extraction was performed with organic solvents such as methanol, dichloromethane, and acetone. The effect of the extract obtained on human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, and fungus strains such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger was tested, using agar disk diffusion method. The cytotoxicity of this anemic was evaluated, using brine shrimp test (BST) method on Artemia salina. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19, using Probit regression test. The extracts studied in this study showed little anti-bacterial effect. In antifungal assay, inhibition zone was showing maximum of 17mm at 16µg concentration against Aspergillus niger of acetone extract of S.haddoni. The methanolic extracts of S.haddoni tissue had a higher cytotoxicity with less LC50 (609 330/μg/ml) than acetone and diclormethanic extracts. Methanolic, acetone, and diclormethanic extracts, from S.haddoni have an antifungal effect on their antibacterial properties. It also has significant cytotoxic effects, which is higher in methanolic extract than acetone and diclormethanic extracts.

The population parameters of Encrasicholina punctifer (buccaneer anchovy) from commercial fisheries in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea coastal waters were studied from October 2014 to September 2015. A total of 13951 length-frequency data were collected monthly by pair-boat purse seine and beach seine methods. The asymptotic length (L∞) and Von Bertalanffy growth function (K) were 11.5 cm and K=1.4 per year, respectively. The value of to was calculated as -0.14 year. Longevity was estimated as 2 years. The total length ranged from 2.9 to 10.1 cm, with an average of 6.5 cm. The probability of capture was calculated in total length as L25=6.05 cm, L50=6.48 cm and L75=6.93 cm. Four cohorts were distinguished annually with mean lengths of 4.56, 5.77, 7.21 and 8.50 cm. The length-weight relationship was determined as W= 0.0051 L 3.1114. Total, natural and fishing mortality parameters were estimated as 6.15, 2.84 and 3.32 yr-1 respectively. The current rate of exploitation (E) was 0.54, and the values of exploitation ratio was found reasonable for current fishing effort. From the yield-per-recruit analysis, Emax, was estimated as 0.91. The results indicated that the buccaneer anchovy stock was not overexploited. Since E

Monthly length frequency data of banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis were collected from the coastal waters of the north east of the Persian Gulf, from January 2012 to January 2013. Software package FiSAT was used to analyze the length frequency data. Growth parameters, mortalities, exploitation rate and recruitment pattern were estimated from the carapace length in the area. Based on length – weight relationships, the estimated parameter a was 0.0015 for males and females and b was 2.8015 for males and 2.7852 for females. The estimated growth parameters: L∞=39.5 mm, K=1.8 year−1 and t0=-0.08 year−1 for males and L∞=50 mm, K=1.5 year−1 and t0=-0.09 year−1 for females. Longevity was estimated 1.67 and 2.00 years for males and females, respectively. The estimated mortality coefficients, were Z=5.9 (4.89 – 6.92) year−1 (α=0.05), M=2.9 year−1 and F=3.0 year−1 for males and Z=5.7 (4.94–6.37) year−1 (α=0.05), M=2.5 year−1 and F=3.2 year−1 for females. The length at first capture, Lc estimated from the probability of capture routine was 23.3 mm for males and 24.2 mm for females. Sex ratio (M:F=1.1:1) was significantly different to 1:1. The exploitation rates of shrimp were 0.49 and 0.56 for males and females, respectively which could get higher because the survival of spawning stock after the fishing season is related to environmental factors and has less effect on the next year’s biomass. Recruitment was continued throughout the year but with one major peak in July to November.

This study examined the ecological factors associated with feeding in Rachycentron canadum (cobia) in the waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Seasonally variation of stomach condition of cobia male, females, pooled and size wise were analyzed. In general, 577 cobia were collected (340 males, 237 females) (20–161 cm Total length) from Sept. 2014 to Sept. 2015 by the Ferdows-1 survey ship and from the landing areas in Bandar Abbas harbor seasonally. Our results provide the first estimates of trophic level (Tr.L) (4.32±0.76, mean±Se), consumption per biomass (Q/B) (6.13), and aspect ratio of the caudal fin (ARc.f) (3.1) for R. canadum in the Hormuzgan Province. We also found that bony fish made up more than 80 percent of the relative importance of particular prey (IRI %), indicating R. canadum primarily preys on these species. The immature group (20–40 cm,T.L), tended to feed on Penaeidae family, small crabs, and mollusks. Hierarchical clustering revealed that the frequencies of different types of prey could be applied to categorize the length classes into three levels. The result of this study revealed that the immature group and the 20-40 cm length class tended to feed on Penaeidae family, crabs, and mollusks. Also, we found that males generally fed more than females in all seasons and that R. canadum had an average dietary intake. The findings of this study can be used to prepare a food formulation for cobia that resembles the native diet.

Small pelagic fishes particularly anchovy (Encrasicholina punctifer) and sardine (Sardinella sindensis) have an important role to support the Iranian fisheries and are distributed along the coastal waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Using a logbook on small pelagic fisheries, a GIS-based environmental modeling approach was applied to investigate the presence and abundance of anchovy and sardine in relation to environmental variables. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was applied to provide a preliminary view of the relationships between fish presence/absence and environmental variables. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) indicated the presence/absence of fish was related to distance from the nearest coast, depth, sea surface Chlorophyll-a, and SST. Results of the EFH showed that sardine is concentrated in specific areas of more favorable conditions, such as north of the Persian Gulf and all areas of the northwest of the Oman Sea. However, EFH of anchovy showed a more widespread distribution, occupying most of the north-west of the Oman Sea coastal waters, south of Qeshm Island in the Strait of Hormoz as well as the Parsian district in the north of the Persian Gulf. In this study, it seems that the anchovy showed the probability of presence in the areas with more distance from the coastal waters. However, the EFH probability presences of sardine were predicted for near coastal water and obviously, shallower waters. Due to the development of small pelagic fisheries, it is highly recommended to investigate anchovy and sardine fishing possibility in areas with high EFH prediction probability.

Aims: Noticing the veteran’s old age, and especially veterans with spinal-cord injuries who constitute most of the veterans with physical-motor problems, it is necessary to assess their health. The aim of the study was to investigate comprehensively the health statuses of veterans with spinal-cord injuries in their higher than threescore.
Instrument & In the descriptive cross-sectional study, 53 veterans with spinal-cord injuries in their higher than threescore, who participated in a therapeutic recreation camp from all the provinces, were studied in 2011. The subjects were selected via census method. Collected by questionnaires, data of their nutritional status, bedsores risk, cognition status, depression level, and daily functioning with the utilization of instruments, as well as need and dependency in daily activities was analyzed by SPSS 14 software using descriptive statistics and Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.
Findings: 32, 27, and 47 persons were with depression symptoms, malnutrition risk, and bedsores risk, respectively. 47 persons were with either no or mild cognitive impairment. 35 persons were independent in the instrumental activities in daily living (IADL). Only 10 persons were with mild or minimum dependency in daily life. The nutrition status significantly correlated with depression factors (p Most of the elderly veterans with spinal-cord injuries are without any cognitive impairment, with depression symptoms, and with malnutrition risk, as well as bedsores risk. In addition, they are dependent in their daily activities, while independent in their daily life using instrumental aids.

A group of experts have named the stress as the common disease of the current century. Effect of stress on individuals’ health, depends on their ability to cope. Resiliency is a coping strategy which is useful in facing with stressful situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management skills on perceived stress and resilience of patients with multiple sclerosis.
This is an experimental study with pretest-posttest design and the control group. A convenient sample including 45 patients from Kermanshah Multiple sclerosis Association (23 experimental group, 22 control group) was participated in the study. Data analysis was done descriptive statistics and Covariance in SPSS v.21.
According to the results, mean and standard division in pre-test for perceived stress was 29.78±7.17 and for resiliency was 60.47±20.38; and in the control group mean perceived stress was 32.54± 6.18 and resiliency was 65.50±15.02 respectively which did not changed significantly at posttest. However, in post-test the mean and standard division decreased to 33.36±5.41 and for resiliency it increased to 67.13±13.61 (p According to the effectiveness of stress management skills on perceived stress and resiliency, it can be considered as an effective solution to reduce perceived stress and increase resiliency and generally improve the mental state of multiple sclerosis patients.

Potassium is an essential element for plant growth and its importance in agriculture is well known. Total soil potassium reserves are generally large; although the distribution of K forms differs from soil to soil as a function of the dominant soil clay minerals present. The objectives of the present study were: (i) the content, forms, and distribution of K as a function of clay mineralogy in different physiographic units; (ii) to investigate the relationship between K fractions and their physiographic units.
The study area is located in south of eastern Azarbaijan province, north of Iran. The region stands between 37° 45' and 38° 00' N latitudes and 46° 00' and 46° 15' E longitudes. The present climate of the region has dry and hot summers, cold and wet winters; with an average rainfall of 334 mm. soil moisture and temperature regimes of study area are xeric and mesic, respectively. Site selection for studied pedons was based on a reconnaissance survey from different physiographic units, namely, pedons 1, 2 and 3 located on Piedmont Plain (PP), pedons 4, 5 and 6 on Rivera Alluvial Plain (RAP) and pedons 7, 8 and 9 on Low Lands (LL). Soils were described and classified based on soil survey manual and keys to soil taxonomy. Samples were air dried, crushed and passed through a 2mm sieve. Particle size distribution, organic matter, Calcium Carbonate Equivalent (CCE), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and different forms of K (total, soluble, exchangeable and nonexchangeable) were determined. X-ray diffractograms were obtained through a Shimadzu XRD 6000 defractometer employing a Ni-filtered CuKa radiation source from oriented clay (40 kV, 30 mA). The content of clay minerals was estimated according to Biscaye method.
All soil samples were calcareous, calcium carbonate content was between 10 and 17%, with relatively high clay content, ranging from 18 to 36%. Soil organic carbon contents were between 0.3 to 1.9%. Land use affected the amount of organic matter so the pedons located on piedmont plain showed more organic matter than other units. Variation in soil characteristics were considerable, which was most affected by physiography. The variation was also especially noticeable in clay minerals and K pools. Soluble K, ranging from 6 to 14 mg/kg, had higher content in piedmont plain than other units. Nonexchangeable k was between 345 to 545 mg/kg and piedmont plain had higher amount because of existing more illite. Exchangeable K, ranging between 278-416 mg/kg had highest content in piedmont plain and lowest content in river alluvial plain. The release rate of non-exchangeable K is the result of the type and particle size of K bearing minerals and soil conditions. The XRD data for the less than 2 μm fractions of the studied soils indicated that the soils were similar in their clay mineralogy, mainly consisted of illite, smectite, kaolinite and chlorite, but were different in content. Illite and smectite were higher in Piedmont Plain (PP) and Low Lands (LL) had higher content of smectite in comparison with River Alluvial Plain (RAP) due to low drainage condition. Several factors such as differences in geomorphological conditions and clay mineralogy between physiographic units caused the differences in K forms. The statistically significant relationship between clay content and most forms of k was because of high specific surface of clays. A highly significant positive relationship between non exchangeable K and illite content (r2 = 0.81, P

Introduction & Hypernatremia is associated with serious complications in infants. Given the high morbidity and mortality of neonatal hypernatremia، and since some complica-tions can be prevented، this study was aimed to examine the prevalence of hypernatremia in hospitalized infants and related risk factors. This cross-sectional study was performed on 1923 neonates hospitalized in Bahrami Hospital affiliated to Tehran University from October 2011 to October 2012. Demographic data، ward، gender، mode of feeding، gravidity، admission season and method of delivery related to the infants were recorded. For infants with a serum sodium above 150 meq/lit، additional information were collected، including serum urea level، gestational age، date of birth، birth weight، admission weight، head circumference and clinical symptoms. Fi-nally، the data were analyzed using the SPSS software. 74 out of 1923 neonates had serum sodium above 150 meq per liter، which their mean Na was significantly associated with their age groups (P=0. 04) and weight loss (P=0. 008). Furthermore، the mean of urea in these neonates was significantly related to weight loss (P<0. 001). The prevalence of hypenatremia in the hospitalized neonates was 5. 2% in autumn، 4. 9% in winter، 1. 8% in spring and 3. 4% in summer. The common symptoms of hypernatremia، icterus and weight loss often cannot be evaluated due to late referral (> a few days after birth) or to the non-exact weight at the birth time (risk factors). The study results confirmed that weighing the neonates at 72 to 96 hours after birth can prevent hypernatremia in infants.

This study was conducted to compare heavy metal concentrations including lead and cadmium in liver and muscle tissues of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliiger Kanagurta) in Bandar Lengeh، Hormoz island، Hengam island and Kolahi regions. In current research، the influence of season، sex and size (length and weight) on Pb and Cd concentrations in Indian mackerel was investigated in these areas. Then Lead and cadmium concentrations in muscle tissues were compared with international standards for human consumption. Sampling was performed in summer and winter. Metal concentrations of organs were assessed by dry digestion method and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Results showed that there are statistically significant differences between concentrations of lead and cadmium in liver and tissues of the fish in these regions (Bandar Lengeh، Hormoz، Hengam and Kolahi) (p<0. 05)، also concentrations of lead and cadmium have significant differences in summer and winter (p<0. 05). The comparison of results of heavy metal concentrations with international standards including NHMRC، MAFF and WHO demonstrated that the amount of lead and cadmium is lower than allowable limits and doesn''t have any problem for human consumption. Concentrations of Pb and Cd in both sexes of Indian mackerel have no significant differences (p>0. 05). In addition، there is no correlation between lead and cadmium concentrations in muscle and liver of Indian mackerel with size (length and weight) (p>0. 05).

Feeding habits of yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus was investigated in coastal waters of the Northern Persian Gulf. This investigation was conducted by monthly sampling of thirty fish from September 2011 through August 2012. Fish size ranged from 17.98 ± 2.07 to 32.31 ± 6.52 cm in total length and from 134.01 ± 45.62 to 720.46 ± 292.58 g in weight. The highest value of gastro-somatic index was obtained in September (5.22 ± 0.04) and the lowest in December (1.61 ± 0.03) with annual average of 2.50 ± 0.60. The result of gastro-somatic index revealed that the highest feeding activity of A. latus was during autumn. The highest level of vacuity index was observed in summer (34.95 ± 4.71) and the lowest in autumn (25.88 ± 2.71) indicating that the highest number of empty stomachs was in summer. Annual average of vacuity index was 30.14 ± 5.72 exhibiting that A. latus was comparatively gluttonous in the Northern Persian Gulf. Bivalves and shrimps were the major food items found in the stomach of A. latus showing food preference indices of 45.86% and 30.67%, respectively. Other food items included crabs (12.66%), aquatic plants (4.05%), animal derivatives (4.52%) and gastropods (2.23%). According to the results, animal derivatives, aquatic plants and gastropods were eaten accidentally and were not the food items of A. latus in coastal waters of Hormozgan. The average relative length of gut was 1.41 ± 0.15 showing that A. latus was omnivorous in this region.

This is the first study of growth and age of Sardinella sindensis from coastal waters of Qeshm Island (Persian Gulf) based on the sectioned otolith reading method. In total, 128 fishes were collected randomly from purse seine commercial nets during March 2011 to February 2012. The annual formation of the growth rings were determined by counting the opaque and translucent zones occurrence at the outer margin of the otolith. The peak of opaque and translucent zones formation occurred in June and January, respectively. There was no significant differences between the sex ratio of males to females (p>0.05). The total length and body weight for both sexes ranged between (7.9-18.6 cm) and (3.98-55.69 g). In total, four age classes were determined, and the maximum age was recorded as 3.5 years. The most abundant individuals were counted in 1+ age class, while the least number of fishes belonged to the 3+ age class. The non-linear regression relationship between the length and age for combined sexes were fitted in Von Bertalanffy growth equation, and described as: TL= 20.8 (1-e-0.54(t+ 0.54)). There was a strong relationship between the body weight and total length of the fishes (p>0.05), indicating that the growth type of S. sindensis is isometric. From the results of this study we concluded that S. sindensis is a fast-growing species with a short-life span. In order to obtain more reliable results about the age and growth of this species, we suggest that different methods of age determination should be used, combined with the evaluation of the factors affecting its growth for the management of optimum exploitation of the resources of this fish.

As pearling has been banned in Iran since 2006, stocks of pearl oysters has not been investigated during these years therefore, condition of natural habitats for Pinctada radiata in its old habitats was surveyed in present research. Shallow waters around Hendorabi Island were searched with diving and two habitats namely “Sooleh” and “Sahel-e-sheni”, were considered for study. The pearl oysters had most distribution in these habitats in depth ranges of 7 to 12 m and 8 to 11 m, respectively. Total stock in Sooleh and Sahel-e-sheni was surveyed near 35700 and 12563 Pinctada radiata, respectively, of which 22% and 67% were catchable, respectively. Catch Per Unit of Area (CPUA) in Sooleh and Sahel-e-sheni habitats was estimated equal to 0.3 N/m2 in both habitats, and Catch Per Unit of Effort (CPUE) in these habitats was calculated equal to 59.5 N/hr and 50.3 N/hr, respectively. Results of this study demonstrated that area, stocks and CPUA for studied habitats were less than previous years. Despite of interdict of pearling in this region since 7 years ago, stock revival has done slowly.

Studies indicated that physical activity influences sleep quality and inflammatory markers, but not have been studied much the relationship between sleep quality and inflammatory markers caused by physical activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality with interleukin-1β and C - reactive protein in active and non-active men. The present study is cross-sectional. Twenty-two healthy males aged 32-38 years participated voluntarily in this study, and were divided into two non-active (n=11) and active (n=11) groups. The non-active group were without sports history and the active group had more than two years of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise history (moderate aerobic training 45 minutes/day, 3days/week). Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects. Serum C-reactive protein and interleukin -1 beta was measured by ELISA method and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality. The research data were analyzed using the independent t test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression. IL-1β (p=0.015) and CRP (p=0.043) concentrations under the effect of physical activity in the active group compared to the non-active group showed a significant decrease. The Sleep Quality Index score was significantly lower in the active group compared to non-active group (p=0.021). A Significant relationship was observed between sleep quality score, IL-1β (r=0. 571, p=0. 033) and CRP (r=0. 613, p=0. 012) concentrations in active men. The present study demonstrates that there is a significant relationship between sleep quality with IL-1β and CRP levels in active men so that it may improve sleep quality by reduction in inflammatory markers.

This study was designed to identify vitamin D deficiency and its related factors among the elderly with CHF. In this cross-sectional study، 50 elderly patients (26 women and 24 men) hospitalized with CHF and 50 elderly without CHF were randomly selected. The two groups were matched for age and sex and those who had taken vitamin D in the last six months were excluded from the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire which its content validity and reliability were confirmed. The level of 25- hydroxy vitamin D was measured using the ELIZA method. The mean vitamin D levels in elderly with and without CHF were 33. 76±2. 82 and 41. 76±3. 06، respectively and there was no significant difference in vitamin D levels between the two groups. Among patients with vitamin D deficiency، weight gain (P=0. 031)، intestinal (P=0. 022) and renal problems (P=0. 031)، in CHF patients were more than those without CHF. Considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the elderly with CHF، it is necessary to monitor the vitamin D level in these patients.

This study was conducted on population dynamics of giant sea cat fish, Arius thalassinus in the Eastern coastal of Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf. Age of fish was estimated by second pectoral radial bone. Growth was estimated by the Von Bertalanfy growth model. The results showed that growth parameters for A. thalassinus were: Lt=90.36{1-exp [-0.17(t-0.07)]} and Lt=101.89{1-exp[-0.20(t- 0.41)]} for female with a growth performance index of ǿ=3.423. The meane lenght of A. thalassinus specimens caught in the study area 47.63±13.64 cm for males and 52.17±12.4 for females. The weight meanes for males and females were 1.34±1.10 and 1.67±1.27 respectively. The b was 2.99 and 2.20 for male and female that shows growth in A. thalassinus is allometric. Sex ratio during the study was 1:1.77 (χ2=1.75, P<0.05). The instantaneous natural mortality coefficient was 0.36 and 0.33 in female and male. According to the results of this study. A. thalassinus have low growth rate, high L∞ and common recruitment pattern the same of tropical fishes.