فهرست مطالب karahroodi

Cowpea weeevli Callosobruchus maculatus Pic., is one of the most important storage pests of beans including mung bean. In this research, the possibility of using different frequency and priods microwave to control the insect was examined. In this experiment the three stageg of the pest exrosed to frequency of 2450MHz, 200W in periods of 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 seconds. The results showed that frequency and the time needed to avoid hatching eggs, pupae phase control and inducing adult mortalitywas 200W and 360 secods. In all experiments the mortality rate increased with increas time. According to the results 92.2% mortality of pupae and 96.02% were occurred at 200W and 360s. Also, the results showed that eggs are the most sensitive compase to other stages such a way that 96.11% of mortality occurred at 300W, and duration of 240s, and 200 and 360s. There fore it is recommended 200W and 360s to control all stages of the pest.

The effect of sublethal doses of two pesticides، Ethion and Imidacloprid on reproductive parameters of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Col.، Coccinellidae) were investigated at constant laboratory condition. The insects were exposed to LC30 concentration of the pesticides during first 24 hours of their life. The amounts of LC30 and LC50 were respectively 244. 58 and 385. for Ethion، and 130. 83 and 221. 45 ppm for Imidacloprid. The mean life span of adults in control was higher (41. 2 days) than in treatments of Ethion (31. 1 days) and Imidacloprid (26. 7 days). The whole period of females'' pre puberty in control and treatment with Ethion and Imidacloprid were record 30. 9، 33. 9، 36. 9 respectively. Sex ratio was calculated respectively 74. 33، 54، and 46. 67. Net fertility rate in control and treatment with Ethion and Imidacloprid were respectively record 449. 48، 248. 5، 182. 45 eggs and net breeding rate were 394. 6، 224. 4، 166. 7 eggs. The gross rates of hatching were calculated 0. 87، 0. 90 and 0. 90 eggs. Mean egg per day in control and Ethion and Imidacloprid were 11. 8، 9. 6 and 9. 5 eggs respectively. Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) in control and treatments were 0. 13، 0. 10، 0. 09 female/ female/ day respectively. These results undicate that the sublethal doses of Ethion and Imidacloprid decrease the biological parameters of the coccineid.

Essential oils are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hubner is one of the most important stored product pests. In this research, effects of essential oils of 18 medicinal plants were studied on nutritional indices of 15 days-old larvae of this pest. Nutritional indices determined in this study were Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Relative Consumption Rate (RCR), Efficacy of Conversion of Ingested Food (ECI) and Feeding Deterrence Index (FDI). In this study, 20 µl from 3, 12 and 24 ppm of the oil solution was mixed with one gram of the food. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design in a factorial experiment with three replications. The results showed that essential oils had not any significant effect compare with control on RGR and ECI. The index of RCR was significantly decreased except in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Decreasing RCR in treatments might be due to feeding deterrency of the essential oils. FDI was positive in all treatment except in Z. clinopodioides with the least FDI. Nutritional indices were significantly not affectd by increasing concentration. The highest deterrency was observed by Mentha piperata L., Cinnamomum zelanicum Bl., Salvia multicaulis Vahl., Melissa officinalis L., Achillea millefolium L. As these essential oils at low concentration of 0.06, 0.24 and 0.5 µg/kg caused the high deterrency, therefore these essential oils could be applicable on the management of Indian meal moth in storage.