karim mehri

The upcoming article deals with developing a theoretical model of people's participation to deal with social harms based on mosques and neighborhood imams. The research method is qualitative and the analytical method of database theorizing has been used to conduct the research. The main question is what theoretical model explains people's participation to deal with social harm based on community-oriented interventions based on mosques. The findings show that the proposed model based on the mosque includes several major categories as follows: Determinants of faith and trust in God, disregarding material benefits and not targeting them are introduced as a cultural platform to refer to mosques to reduce social harm. The existence of mosques with a population of 15,000 people around the mosque is introduced as institution building, reforming the current structure of mosques and training imams of mosques with the approaches of neighborhood-based interventions as capacity building and management of mosques based on participation from the bottom up as foundation. The maximum participation of all actors and beneficiaries and their interaction with the imam of the neighborhood and the promotion of physical and mental health and health along with physical changes and confidence building through people's participation in mosques will be done by identifying benefactors and based on religious logic, and finally, by stabilizing the programs. Based on people's participation and actions, it ends in a synergistic and integrated way.

Goals : 

This article, along with the pathological review of previous neighborhood-based interventions, presents the reasons that explain the necessity of using mosques for neighborhood-based interventions to reduce social harm. Finally, it presents the mosque-centered model to explain this issue. The overall goal of this research is to formulate a theoretical model of people's participation to deal with social harms based on community-centered interventions based on mosques. In fact, the purpose of this research study is to investigate the relationship between mosques and social harms by using the perspectives of people-oriented participation, focusing on key informants who are familiar with mosques.

The main question of the research was what theory explains the non-participation of people to solve social problems in mosques. To answer this question, the core category of "social structural barriers" was counted from the research data and became the center of gravity of the paradigm model. In the presented paradigmatic model of the country's general problems, the country's inappropriate cultural infrastructure and mosques' governmental problems as "background conditions"; The internal problems of mosques, the lack of specific and documented planning regarding mosques and the weakness of human capital in mosques as "causal conditions"; The weakness of mosque trustees in the country, the problems of mosques in the extra-neighborhood arena, the lack of necessary networking and the legal problems of mosques as "mediating conditions"; The short-term view of mosques, the emergence of abnormal interactions and damage to the structure of mosques as "processes"; The failure of mosques and the emergence of distrust caused by the failure of mosques are the "consequences" of the underdevelopment of mosques. The lack of specific and documented planning regarding mosques and the weakness of mosque trustees are effective in the emergence of internal problems in mosques. The relationship between the general problems of the country and the internal problems of the mosques can be explained in this way that the general economic problems in the country have led to financial problems and lack of investment in mosques and the weakness of basic equipment and the problems of lack of necessary facilities in social development through mosques.

In the year2020, hundreds of books and scientific articles have been written worldwide about coronavirus, many of them have tried to explain coronavirs. However, less research was aimed to develop a theory which considers religious experience. The aim of the present study is to investigate the religious and spiritual contexts regarding the reasons of coronaviruse, s widespread factors. The phenomenon of coronavirus is intertwined all over humanity today

Qualitative research uses a conceptual framework, unlike quantitative research, which is based on a theoretical framework for theorizing. The conceptual framework includes a set of interrelated concepts that focus on the major concepts under study and link them together in a coherent and related semantic system The following is just a definition of some of the concepts. Given the richness of the concept of "spirituality", it is difficult to provide an objective definition for it. The theoretical basis of this research is Max Weber's theory about spiritual storage which has been published in the article” Objectivity in Social Sciences and social Policy “ in 1904 Since the main aim of the study is reconstructing the meaning of spiritual storage based on Quranic verses and Islamic traditions, a grounded theory methodology was chosen. The intent of a grounded theory is to generate or discover a theory or abstract analytical schema of a phenomenon that relates to a particular situation grounded in the experience and perceptions of the participants (Brown, Stevens, Troiano, & Schneider, 2002; Creswell, 1998; Strauss & Corbin, 1998). The grounded theory in this study reflects the Impressions and experiences of the Prophet and his family about the meaning of spiritual storage based on Quranic verses and Islamic traditions.

the authors of the survey have used open, axial, and selective coding (Strauss & Corbin, 1998) to analyze the data. During open coding, each transcript was analyzed in sentences or groups of sentences reflecting single ideas. These units were given a code to reflect that idea or concept (Strauss & Corbin). The open coding identified 7253 items that were combined through axial coding into 102 abstract concepts. In selective coding the concepts were ultimately organized into one central category or “what the research is all about” (p. 146), in this case, Transformation of spiritual along with five categories: (a) Spiritual transcendence of society; (b) Category of scientific development and knowledge ;(c Muslim disunity and the arrogance and dependence on outsiders; (d) Be available for the formation of the Islamic world, the Islamic universal civilization; and (e) Status and power of the Islamic Republic of Iran for The inner transformation of man Properties—also known as attributes of a category—were identified for each of these categories. Strauss and Corbin clarified that “whereas properties are the general or specific characteristics or attributes of a category, dimensions represent the location of a property along a continum or range”(p.

The theory emerged as the relationships between the concepts combined into an integrated framework that explained the phenomenon Transformation of spiritual (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). The categories interact to create a Spiritual transcendence of society as the central category that developed over six c stages. 1) Causal Condition 2) context 3) contingencies 4) action strategy 5) consequence. Illustrative quotations from the supreme leader are included in each of the categories to tell the story of this theory A conceptual model illustrating the grounded theory of developing an Spiritual transcendence of society is presented.Developing a theoretical model Spiritually supply was connected to the categories and Determinants of human inner transformation, reliance on religion as internal causal conditions; Arrogance anti-spirituality in recent centuries as external causal conditions; spirituality in the early society of Islam and the spiritual void of the world today and human re-tendency to spirituality as a scheming; The impact of the Islamic Revolution in changing the process of de-spiritualization in the world; the position and role of spirituality in the stage of the Islamic system, Islamic society, Islamic civilization, the responsibility of the Islamic government towards the spirituality of individuals in society, as intervening conditions; Spirituality in the personal sphere such as continuous selfishness, Keeping calm in the sphere of officials and moral education of the society by the government as an action strategy and purposefulness of life, the role of spirituality in the victory of the revolution, real progress with morality and spirituality in Islamic society as positive consequences of spiritual transformation. As a consequence of the distance from spirituality and spiritual transformation is the core category of the review of the above issues involved.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meta-analysis of published articles on the factors affecting suicide.

From 15 selected studies, appropriate statistics were recorded to calculate the effect size and other required information and with CMA2 software, the effect size was calculated and hypotheses were analyzed.

The results of the present study show that in total independent variables are identified Suicide has been effective. The value of the combined effect is 0660 (d = 0660) and is also statistically significant. Since this value is in the range of 0.8 to 0.5, it is considered moderate according to the Cohen classification. The results also show that the mean size of r related to studies that had theoretical foundations was EsrQ = 0.30 and in studies that lacked theoretical foundations was equivalent to ESrQ = 0.20. The results of the z-r difference test in the above study were 4.99.

Shows that there is a significant difference between the size of the effects obtained. Variables such as having a theoretical basis, level of gender, marriage, self-esteem, family cohesion, early marriage, anxiety, family economic status, had a statistically significant effect on suicide. Is. Part of the research findings indicate that in the social categories, the variable of early marriage has the highest relationship with suicidal tendencies with an effect size of 0.3721, in the psychological aspects of self-esteem research has the highest relationship with suicide with an effect size of 0.6216. Conclusion To combat suicide, one should consider increasing self-esteem, conscious marriage, self-esteem, and family cohesion

The book "Public Policy Making Process" written by respected professors Dr. Gholamreza  Esghandari, Karim Eskandari, and Rasoul Eskandari has been an attempt to reduce the resources of the policy-making process. The purpose of this article is to analyze and express the strengths and weaknesses of the book content. The book has advantages, but it also suffers from some shortcomings, the elimination of which can add to the richness of the book's topics. The authors of the book have been careful in the use of specialized terms and equivalence of foreign words, except for a few cases, and are acceptable in terms of compliance with the approved chapters. The content is compatible with scientific values and theories are not addressed.

This paper, using an interpretative methodological grounded theory approach, rebuilds the semantic spiritual development based on the statements of the supreme leader; the research questions are as follows: which theoretical model elucidates the statements of the leader? Which changes should occur in the Iranian society to form spiritual changes? What are the interactive guidelines and their outcomes?
The findings are multi sided; internal developmental determinants of human, assistance of religion as internal causative conditions, spiritual hostility approach of the superpowers in the recent years as external causative conditions, spirituality in the initial stages of Islamic development, and the spiritual gap in recent years and re-inclination of human toward spirituality as a background, the impact of Islamic revolution in the changing the trend of de-spiritualizing in the world, the position and the role of spirituality in the stages of Islamic system, Islamic society, Islamic civilization, the Islamic state responsibility for the spirituality of public as intervening conditions, spirituality in personal scope such as constant self-evaluation, keeping stability in the manager's realm and moral education of the society by government as an interactive guideline, target-orientation life, the role of spirituality in the Islamic revolution victory, coincidence of real development and spirituality in the Islamic society as positive spiritual development, political unrest as consequences of un-spirituality ; the core aspect of this issue is spiritual development which covers the above mentioned aspects.

This article is an attempt to explain the views of the Iranian Supreme leader according to the grounded Theory in order to develop a theoretical model for Islamic Government. The main question of this article is which Theoretical Model will explain the Islamic Government model from Supreme leader’s point of view? And which changes should happen in order to this kind of government can take place? What kind of strategic actions are needed? And that would be the consequences? In this process, all statements of leadership since 1379 has been analyzed, emphasizing and discussing the subject of the goals of the Islamic Revolution. A conceptual model illustrating the grounded theory of developing an Islamic state has been also presented. The findings of this articles include the ideological and moral health of officials, serving the people, wisdom and rationality in international and domestic policies, rule of law, good economic policies, special attention to domestic capacity and self-sufficiency, economic health, and finally promoting justice are among the most important parameters in this regard.

The aim of this study is investigating the factors that influence the political mobilization of ethnic and synergies towards national unity with an emphasis on the role of religion and language among the citizens of four ethnic groups (Kurds, Turks, Arabs, and Baloch) in Iran. The navigation data (quantitative research) to measure the relationship between the variables of perceived discrimination, feeling "population size, strong linguistic foundation, the sense of convergence of ethnicity and ethnic political mobilization has been used. The coefficient of determination was adjusted as indicated 0.788 statistical facts that 78% of the total amount of ethnic political mobilization depends on the independent variables, population size, sense of discrimination and exclusion, convergence, and feel strong linguistic foundation's development. In other words, 78% of the variance in the dependent variable independent variables to estimate ethnic political mobilization (predicted) that. Also according to test significant F (643.603) at a significance level of less than 5% of the research can be concluded that the regression model is a good model and a set of independent variables explained the dependent variable. Results show that the average score tended to diverge between the Kurds and the Baluch ethnic political mobilization of Turks and Arabs more. The difference between mean scores tend to ethnic political mobilization in every location based on test F (14.058), at least at the level of 99% is significant. In other words, ethnicity is correlated with the tendency of political mobilization.

Using the constructivist approach and the methodology of Grounded Theory, this paper reconstructs semantically the changes of the spoken language from Turkish to Persian in the past two decades and provides resistance to change of nowadays. To conduct the research, it has been used qualitative research method and Grounded theory procedures and In-depth interview techniques to carry out result? The most important questions of this research are as follows: What aspect of Azari speakers had changed during last two decades that they preferred to speak Persian? What has been occurred nowadays that they tend to speak Turkish? Findings consist of six major categories: The need to display the glory of the upper classes, the intensity and the interactions between classes, the desire to change attitudes and behavior concerning language, interaction Inability, social space of interaction among the upper classes and the oppressed; the prestige of the language, seeking entry to the upper class through linguistic changes and followers of value changes in the poor. The core category of this study is the lack of desire to change the spoken language which covers mentioned categories.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the grounded theory study on developing a theoretical model (analytical) based on the statements of the Iranian Supreme Leader of the Islamic society.
The method of the present research is qualitative and data based theorization . In this process, all statements of the supreme leadership since 2001 has been analyzed .the main questions of the survey are as follow: which theoritical model is more appropriate to describe the Islamic society from suprime leader,s view point ?what requrerments are concerned in actualizing the Islamic society ?what are the active strategies and consequences ? A conceptual model illustrating the grounded theory of developing an Islamic society is presented.
The results of the present research indicat developing a theoretical model for Islamic society is related to several major categories as follow: Determined by cognitive- knowledge, faith, struggle and collective effort as the internal causal conditions and anti- arrogance as external causal conditions, management factors, behavior characteristics as confounding conditions, the revival of religion and spirituality due to giving importance to the role of people,anti- arrogance as strategies for the Muslim community and the Muslim community as a core part of the review that is mentioned as the major issues involved.
The author of the article concludes that a local theoretical model pattern based on the statements of the Iranian Supreme Leader clarifies the bases of Islamic society foundation.

The cooperative sector, alongside with the public and private sectors, stands as one of the country’s economy bases and that’s why the Cooperatives Development Document has predicted that this sector should take over 25 percent of the country’s economy. However, while only one year of the Fifth Development Plan is left, only 6% of this 25% share has been realized. This article aims to take on a qualitative research method to investigate the reasons behind this gap and to detect the obstacles of cooperatives development with an emphasis on frontiers’, agricultural, credit and education personnel’s housing, and consumer cooperatives. Using purposive sampling, the documents in the Ministry of Cooperatives were studied through thematic analysis. The results indicate that economic, social, legal and international problems are among the obstacles. Social problems can intensify other obstacles. Furthermore, findings show that we can divide economic, social, legal and international obstacles of the cooperatives into internal and external problems. Internal obstacles have priority over the external ones in order to achieve the 25% share of cooperatives.

This paper using interpretive approach and methodology of the grounded theory wants to present the semantic reconstruction of Islamic Revolution based on Supreme Leader's statements. The most important questions of this research will be that “"Which theoretical model can explain the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution of view? What changes occurred that the Islamic Revolution took place in Iran? What are action strategies? What will be the consequences of these strategies?” Mtynhay sources of constitutional liberty and return of tyranny as inside cause conditions; colonialism and dependence on outsiders as outside cause conditions; active engagement seminaries and the priesthood with people as interferer condition; revival of religion and spirituality; and action of people as outcome of Islamic Revolution are the main issue of this research.

The purpose of this article is the meta-analysis of the studies couducted about ethnic problems in Iran. To collect necessary data, the authors used relevant keywords, consulted the universities graduate theses and visited relevant websites. Finaly, the studies which met the specified criteria were selected and necessary data to test hypotheses were extracted by a questionnaire prepared by the authors. 10 studies were selected for the calculation of effect size statistics and other necessary information. To calculate these effects, the authors used CMA2 registered software and analyzed the assumptions. The results show that in total, indentified independent variables were effective on political mobilization, integration and national identity. The combined effect size was 0.708 (0.708d =) that was statistically significant. Since this amount is in the range of 0.8 to 0.7 it is assessed in accordance with the category average Cohen. The results also show that variables such as a theoretical foundation, respecting the customs, traditions, religion and language of ethnic groups, appointing ethnic elite in political positions or adopting an interactive approach by government, emphasizing commonalities and differences between religions and feeling economic and cultural discrimination, have been statistically effective on the political mobilization for ethnic integration and national identity. It can be concluded that to achieve political mobilization for ethnic integration, national identity and national solidarity, reducing economic deprivation and discrimination, emphasizing religious commonalities and respecting the language and customs and laws related to ethnic groups should be considered.

The purpose of the present study was the meta-analysis of researches done on harm reduction and addiction treatment. In this study, researches done on harm reduction and remedy were collected by the meta-analysis method. This was done using related keywords, searching the sites and theses of postgraduate studies. Finally, studies which were consistent with the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis were selected and desired information which were prepared by the author for testing the hypothesis with a negative questionnaire were extracted. Out of the 11 studies selected, the appropriate statistics to calculate effect size and other required information were recorded and the effect size as well as hypothesis analysis were calculated by CMA2 software. The results of this study show that identified independent variables on harm reduction and remedy have been effective. The value of combined effect size is 0.8 (d =0. 8) and it is statistically considered significant. Since this value is in the range of 0.8 to 0.7, according to Cohen's classification, it is evaluated as average. Variables such as having a theoretical basis, the status of entry (New 6 months and more), the average of daily injection, integrated holistic therapy, medical interventions, quality of healthcare services, social esteem, methadone treatment and therapeutic interventions had statistically significant influence on harm reduction and remedy. In order to achieve harm reduction and remedy, the status of entry (New 6 months and more), the average of daily injection, integrated holistic therapy, medical interventions, quality of healthcare services, social esteem, methadone treatment and therapeutic interventions related to nations must be considered.

National policy is an important issue in Leader’s Remarks, Despite many discussions and conversations has been between managers and leaders But still this concept and its instances in a scientific and systematic pattern that is not crystal clear, although it has been for about five decades of ethnic policy in West society. This study examines the ideas of the leader as model to deals with ethnic policy. The purpose of this study is to investigate fundamental questions of what, why and how national policy develops and can be used as a model. This study is a descriptive – heuristic to investigate the pattern of ethnic policy from the perspective of the Leader. To gather and identify different perspectives and theoretical implications, first Western scholars in recent years has been reviewed then by study of Supreme Leader’s words, contents are extracted and coded. The results show this model has three dominant: nature, why and how, so Relations among these themes are presented in the form of a general pattern.