فهرست مطالب keshavarz m

There are numerous factors which play key roles in emerging and continuation of addiction. One of these factors is stress, caused by problems and troubles in life and also the reduction of the ability of adaptation and positive, effective behaviors. The aim of the present research is to review the of effect of training to deal with stress and reduction of Anxiety and Depression in People with Drug-dependence.
In this study, semi-experimental research method and pretest-posttest design with control group was used. The statistical community of this study is drug addicts living in Shiraz. Subjects were selected randomly and then classified at random into two groups of experiment and control groups and data have been analyzed through Covariance test. An 8 session treatment was performed to deal with stress for the experiment group. We use Cronbach Alfa coefficient and the results show that validity level of this test is respectively 0/92, /0 71 and show accepted validity of research.
The mean difference between the two groups in the pre-test and post-test change is significant. That average rates of depression and anxiety in the experimental group was significantly higher than the average rate of change in depression and anxiety in the control group. (p=0.005)
The training program of how to deal with stress plays a main role in reducing drug-addicted users’ decision to quit and thus help them quit more successfully in a longer period of time. Training programs in these aspects develop and improve the psycho- social capabilities and accepting the responsibilities of the social roles.

Researchers of Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute have vital role in the health، food security and prevention of common diseases in the country. Therefore، conducting research on information seeking behavior and information needs will help us to delivering the better information services. So، investigation of information seeking behavior of the researchers and methods in accessing to the information resources are the main purposes of this research. Survey research method has been used to conducting the research. In order to gathering data from the researchers، Google Docs online questionnaire has been designed. Link of this questionnaire، without sampling، has been sent to all researchers via the email. In total، 140 researchers، out of the 200، completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and were performed using SPSS statistical software. The research results show that the use of “journal articles” is a top priority. In order to access to scientific information، researchers mostly used “communication and consultation with Iranian experts and researchers” and “personal experiences” methods. While minimal use of “communication and consultation with foreign experts and researchers” and “participating to foreign congresses” have been done. Allways، using the fulltext of information resources is a top priority.

Introduction & Femoral neck fracture is one of the most complicated fractures in orthopedic diseases, and its common complication is nonunion. If the head of femur is alive, one of treatments of nonunion is to alter the fracture line angle and the conversion of displacing force to pressure force at the site of fracture, and this leads to union. On the other hand, it changes the biomechanic of hip and disposes it early destruction that will affect patient’s life adverse. Our aim in this study was to achieve an angle that accelerates union and on the other hand does not lead to Arthrosis and joint destruction. With biomechanical analysis and using computational simulation, we assessed the displacing force of femur neck fracture and the pressure force on the head of femur at different angles of valgus. Considering individual geometrical and biological factores and producing graphs to be able to determine the proper angle for valgus osteotomy. It must be able to produce proper pressure force for union at the fracture site, not leading at the destruction of femur head, and not exceeding the physiological limits. To produce fracture in femur and Blade modeling we used solid work software, and then located the blade at the proper place for osteotomy. Geometry was used in the software to perform simulation. We offered values of stress intensity for fracture angles 30 to 70 and correction angles 0 to 40, and obtained from simulations suitable angles for osteotomy, based on the minimum of shear stress. Furthermore, at the angles 50 and 55 there was no significant change in the shear stress. According to the results of this study, we offered stress intensity suggested through simulations and recommended angles for osteotomy, based on the minimum of shear stress. Changing the fracture line between 0 to 40 degree had no obvious effect on the force on the head of the femur.

This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between the quality of work life and organizational commitment at Torbat Heydariye University of Medical Sciences. The population consisted of 329employees who were selected randomly. To measure quality of work life and organizational commitment, Valton questionnaire and Allen & Meyer questionnaire were used, respectively. Findings revealed that there was a positive correlation between the quality of work life and organizational commitment (r=0.56); moreover, the quality of work life and organizational commitment in this organization was satisfactory and more than average. This study also showed that there was a positive correlation between quality of work life &affective commitment and between quality of work life & normative commitment, but there was no significant correlation between quality of life & continuance commitment (r=0.22). Regression analysis indicated that fair compensation can predict organizational commitment more than other factors. Programs of quality of work life can increase employee's confidence and ability to solve problems which lead to promoting in job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

Abstract Iron overload is a clinical consequence of repeated blood transfusions and causes significant organ damage, morbidity, and mortality in the absence of proper treatment. The primary targets of Iron chelators used for treating transfusional Iron overload are the prevention of Iron ingress into tissues and its intracellular scavenging. The present study was aimed at elucidating the capacity of clinically important Iron chelator, deferoxamine to gain access to intracellular Iron pools of key Iron accumulating cells (hepatocytes). The study was conducted as an in vivo investigation. Iron-rich chow fed rats and regular chow fed rats were given deferoxamine and hepatic Iron concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. In Iron-loaded rats, the results showed that deferoxamine did not alter hepatocyte Iron levels compared with the control group but increased urinary excretion. We conclude that short term deferoxamine treatment is ineffective in Iron removal from rat hepatocytes. Key words: Deferoxamine, Iron overload, hepatocytes.

IntroductionEnvironment quality is known as one of the effective factors in intra-urban population movement. In the recent decades, the appearance of declining environmental quality has affected the old economic structure of Iranian cities and also confronted its resistance with danger. It results in native exit from the valuable ancient core of the cities toward the new and middle regions. Functional decrease and the increasing physical erosion of the texture and the decrease in its sprightliness and quality are obvious results of the succession of this cycle (more migrations lead to lower environmental quality) with which Khorramabad, the ancient city, is confronted.This research intends to study the above mentioned cycle and the urban unsustainability in the old texture of Khorramabad and its fundamental presupposition is that by percept and recognition of the rate and reasons of the satisfactory of the citizens with their life, we can stop the exit of the population from these regions and stop the decreasing population of historical and central texture of the cities and provide a spatial balance in regions and textures of the cities.MethodologyRegarding to the nature of the case and the analysis components, the authors have used descriptive-analysis research method, and the central aim of the research is evaluating the effect of citizen's satisfaction with their life environmental quality on intra-urban population movement. Dependent variable is the intra-urban migrations and the independent one is the criteria related to environment quality and house ownership in urban regions. The method of collecting data is the questioner and field interview with the sample size 388. Data have been analyzed by the statistical software SPSS.Results and Discussion In order to analyse the role of the resident's satisfaction level with their residential environment in the old and central parts of Khorramabad in intra-urban migrations, first the authors have studied the satisfaction level of residential environment at residence perception, then they divided this criteria into 10 subcriteria (well-being and entertainment facilities, peacefulness, places for social interaction, cultural and educational facilities, urban environment identification, health and remedial service, transportation and communication service, safety, tribal and relationship relations, and physical characteristics) in order to define their tendency to migration. In the next step, the authors have studied the relationship between two variables: satisfaction level with life environment and intra-urban migrations.Statistical tests are used based on indicator type, answers average, in order to understand the satisfaction level with criteria urban environment quality. T test is a single sample, used for understanding the relationship between intra-urban migrations and criteria relative to environment quality. Since migration is a nominal variable and satisfaction level with environment quality criteria is an ordinal one, the V correlation coefficient has been used.ConclusionThe analysed area with 117 hectares extent is located on the central part of Khorramabad. The results suggest that about 60% of the sample society, desire to immigrate from the old texture. The satisfaction level of ancient texture residents with their residential environment is evaluated about (1<2/6<5) means and theoretical average of 3. The residents have been satisfied with 10 criteria such as creating residential environment quality, and with safety and family and relationship dependence at average level. The results of this relationship between residential environment quality and intra-urban migrations, confirms the sensitivity of these movements against residential environment quality and indicates meaningful irrelation between the mentioned criteria (intra-urban migrations and house ownership). On contrary, it also indicates the reverse relations of some criteria like safety, urban environment identification, public health service, physical characteristic, with intra-urban migration. Moreover, the more tribal and relationship relation the lower intra-urban migrations.

Many studies have demonstrated that pre-term neonates gained more weight over the 10 days stimulation period. This research has been conducted to determine the effects of five days Tactile- Kinesthetic stimulation (TKS) on weight gaining of pre-term infants hospitalized in Fatemiye neonatal intensive care unit. Fifty one babies who graduated from the NICU to the intermediate care nursery were randomly allocated into test and control groups (24 and 27 neonate respectively). TKS was provided for three 20 minute periods per day for five consecutive days to the test group, with the massages

The typical features of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage are delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and prolonged loss of muscle strength. It has been shown that passive warmth is effective in reducing muscle injury. Due to the interaction of different systems in vivo, we used isolated perfused medial gastrocnemius skeletal muscle to study the direct effect of temperature on the eccentric contraction-induced force loss. After femoral artery cannulation of a rat, the left medial gastrocnemius muscle was separated and then the entire lower limb was transferred into a prewarmed

This study have conducted in order to determine of direct or indirect effective factors on mortality of neonates with low birth weight by path analysis. In this cohort study 445 paired mothers and their neonates were participated in Tehran city. The data were gathered through an answer sheet contain mother age, gestational age, apgar score, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and birth weight. Sampling was convenience and neonates of women were included in this study who were referred to 15 government and private hospitals in Tehran city. Live being status of neonates was determined until 24 hours after delivery. The most changes in mortality rate related to birth weight and its negative score means that

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common disease during pregnancy and usually symptomatic infections are due to asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). Untreated ASB has some serious consequences for both the mother and her fetus. Because of the importance of ASB screening in pregnant women, this study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of ASB and its potential relation with some factors and with the pattern of drug. sensitivity, as well We conducted a cross sectional study in 900 pregnant women who attended the antenatal service at Hazrate Zeynab outpatient clinic, in association with Tehran University. All the participants were visited by obstetricians. A clean-voided urine specimen containing more than 100,000 organisms per ml. was considered as evidence for ASB. Then, an anti biogram. was made using Bauer Kirby method The prevalence of ASB was found to be 3.7% and the most common micro organisms detected were Escherchia coli (33.3%) as the most frequent one followed by negative coagulase Staphylococcus (30.3%) and klebsiella (15.2%). In pregnant women both with and without ASB, there were statistical differences according to the mean of age (p< 0.001), gravidity (p< 0.05) and parity(p< 0.05). There was no statistically meaningful relationship between group with and (the group) without ASB in (terms of a) history of urinary tract infection and/or Kidney stone. The highest sensitivity was determined to be related to Amikacin. The prevlence (level) of ASB was high in second trimester of pregnancy, elder and multiparous. women, as well In regard to the high Prevalence level of ASB in the Second trimester of pregnancyrepetition of urine analysis in the second trimester of pregnancy, specially in the old and multiparus women is recommended. Considering the pattern of anti microbial drug sensitivity, the use of suitable drugs is recommended. Other studies on both the treatment and. follow-up studies on pregnant women with ASB are necessary.

Breastfeeding has many psychological, immunological, economical and health related benefits for mothers and their neonates. This feeding, especially at the first hours of birth is very notable, so that early breastfeeding can prevent neonatal infectious diseases and some chronic diseases in adulthood period. Moreover, breast feeding and physical contact between mother and neonate over a short period of time after delivery can influence the mother's psychological status and emotional feeling with her neonate. The aim of the present study was to assess factors that influence the time between delivery and the first breastfeeding. The statistical methods used for comparison of data were Cox regression, Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curve. In this cohort study, 110 paired mothers and their neonates were recruited in a hospital in Tehran. The data collected included time of first feeding following delivery in relation to the method of delivery, parity and the level of education of mother. The results showed that mode of delivery was the most important factor for starting the first breastfeeding, so that for any time duration after birth, the rate of breastfeeding for neonates in normal vaginal delivery method was 3.9 and 6.8 folds in usual and spinal cesarean delivery methods respectively. Other important factors, in sequence, were parity and educational level in mothers. The finding of this study demonstrated that increasing the awareness among pregnant women and their willingness for vaginal delivery can decrease in unnecessary cesarean section rate and can improve the relation between mother and neonate and the start of early breastfeeding.