فهرست مطالب khadije ezzati rastegar

The confirmed cases of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have increased not only in China but also in Iran and around the world. COVID-19 vaccination not only protects the individual but also safeguards those in the community who are unable to be vaccinated. Due to this concern, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between vaccination and its consequences in patients with COVID-19.

This descriptive study was conducted in Asadabad city, in western Iran. The data for this project were collected from the database and records of patients with COVID-19 in Asadabad Health Department. In fact, the sample size included all patients with a positive PCR diagnosis in the year 2022. Nine hundred fifty-one patients were included in the study. The tool used was a checklist based on patient records. SPSS software was used to analyze the data, and a significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.

The mean age of patients with a positive PCR test was 20.8 ± 42.9 years. Of these, 68.5% were vaccinated, and 31.5% were not vaccinated. Among the 951 patients, 30 patients with a positive PCR died, 19 of whom were not vaccinated. There was a significant relationship between the outcome of the disease (death or discharge) and the number of vaccine doses (p value = 0.001).

Due to the effectiveness of COVID vaccination in reducing hospitalization and mortality, it is recommended to design educational interventions to encourage people to increase vaccination coverage.

Consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced occurrence of mortality stemming from a variety of chronic diseases. This study, employing the environmental model of health behaviors, aimed to investigate the perceived barriers to the consumption of fruits and vegetables in middle-aged individuals.

This is a qualitative study of content analysis, conducted through eight focus group discussions targeting middle-aged individuals, and five individual interviews with the key individuals in 2017. A framework of factors altering the nutritional behaviors of individuals who were classified into four levels was recognized via employing the ecological model.

Barriers to consuming fruits and vegetables at the individual level included beliefs, nutritional awareness, and eating habits of the past. At the interpersonal level, family and social support were the major barriers. At the community level, socio-cultural values ​​and norms, environmental components such as accessibility, quality of fruits and vegetables, media, and prices were also among the major barriers. At the public policies level, not monitoring the production and supply of quality products were among the barriers the participants stated.

Politicians should weigh upon support programs to reduce the production cost of high-quality fruits and vegetables in low-income communities, and adopt the necessary laws and policies to discuss the production and supply of quality, toxin-free fruits, and vegetables at the macro level.

Health literacy provides the capacity and basic understanding of health information and services for individuals to make health decisions. This study aimed to determine the health literacy of employees in educational-rehabilitation centers affiliated to the Welfare Organization of Hamadan province in 2019.  

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 106 participations. Sampling was done by censuses method. Data was collected with the test of functional health literacy in adults (TOFHLA) and demographic questionnaire, and analyzed by, ANOVA, chi-squared tests via SPSS software version 21.

The mean age of participants was 34.25± 8.19 years in females and 34.44± 8.60 years in males, and 90.57% were female, and 66.98% of them were married. The health literacy score was 65.90 ± 21.10, and 32.29% of females and40% of males were at an adequate level of health literacy. Level of health literacy was significantly different between participants with diffrent education level (P <0001), type of rehabilitation center (p = 0.001), specialized services of the center (P <0001), and gender.  

The level of health literacy of more than half of the employees in the rehabilitation-educational centers affiliated with the welfare organization is inadequate and marginal. Due to the vulnerability of welfare clients, it is necessary to pay more attention to health literacy in health promotion programs in this organization.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) occurs in all countries but its prevalence varies greatly across the world and remains unacceptably high with numerous consequences ranging from psychological to maternal disorder, neonatal mortality and morbidity outcomes in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to identify social determinants associated intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Hamadan (Iran).
This cross-sectional study was performed on 1039 pregnant women living in urban and rural areas in Hamadan (Iran, 2015). The data included socio-demographic characteristics in social determinants. The tool was standard questionnaire of violence (IPAQ) for measuring physical, psychological and sexual experiences of violence in the past 12 month.
The results showed that 88% of pregnant women had experiences of violence in the last year. The most experiences of violence were mental violence (87.9%), emotional violence (18.9%) and sexual violence (6.4%). The logistic regression analysis shows that frequency of mother's marriage (OR= 0.18, p=0.003), number of children (OR= 0.52, p=0.041), mother's employment (OR= 0.44, p=0.039), Smoking (OR= 1.91, p=0.019), and mental illness in a spouse (OR= 2.63, p=0.023), unwanted pregnancy (OR= 1.62, p=0.047), and awareness of wife's pregnancy (OR= 12.94, p=0.012) are significantly associated with kind of violence.
The findings confirm that intimate partner violence against pregnant women is widespread and not inevitable. IPV as health problem must be addressed. In order to mothers and the community health promotion, the results of this study suggested the allocation of funding, future research and interventions based on social determinants of intimate partner violence.

Pregnancy is one of the best events in a woman's life, but unwanted pregnancy may threats the health of mother, child, family and community. This study was performed with aim to identify the reasons of unwanted pregnancy from the perspective of family planning service providers.
This study is based on qualitative content analysis approach which was performed in 2015. Participants were 13 health providers who provided family planning services to the referred women to health centers in Mashhad. Purposive sampling was conducted and data gathering continued until saturation. Semi-structured in-depth interview was done to collect data. The interview was recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed based on content analysis approach in MAXQDA software.
Three main following factors were explored as perceived reason for unwanted pregnancy:" reasons related to problems of health care system ", " reasons related to the characteristics of the services recipients" , and " reasons related to the quality of family planning tools"
Reduced incidence of unwanted pregnancy needs to improve the quality of family planning services, consultation, husband's participation, promoting knowledge and improving attitudes of health providers towards family planning and improving the quality of family planning tools.

The fast invereasing trend of adolescent obesity is causing concern in developing countries such as Iran, making Identification of the related factors assential for its control and prevention. The aim of this study was to explain the phenomenon and the factors from the view of obese adolescent girls of urban. For this qualitative study, ten focus group discussions were used to collect data from 32 obese girls, aged 12-16 y. All group discussions were recorded and analyzed and classified immediately after focus group discussions. Results showed teens to be dissatisfied with their current situation and obesity; although they had positive attitudes towards some basic food groups and to physical activity, they did not have the necessary motivation and self-efficacy for weight control. In their opinion, parents, teachers, peers and mass media played a significant role in the adoption of nutritional behaviors. Educational programs need to be implemented for health promotion and behavioral changes. Using group discussions, the findings of this study can be effective in designing interventions to change lifestyles and prevent obesity in adolescents.