فهرست مطالب khadijeh abdal

Periodontal inflammatory disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases that can affect individuals of any age. The results of some studies have shown that both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes may be associated with an increased risk of periodontal inflammation. Inflammatory status and vitamin D deficiency create a suitable environment for the progression of chronic diseases such as diabetes and periodontitis in children. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and gingivitis in children with T1DM.

This case-control study was conducted in the city of Ilam to examine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and gingivitis in 148 children with T1DM. The case-control group was randomly selected from all children aged 6 - 12 years. Participants were classified into two groups, healthy and T1DM, based on the presence of gingivitis. Fasting blood sugar, calcium, and serum 25(OH)D levels were assessed in this study.

The results of the Mann–Whitney showed that 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the group with gingivitis (20/72±12/77) compared to the group without gingivitis (29/57±10/72) (p<0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the level of 25(OH)D according to gender between the group with gingivitis and the group without gingivitis (p=0.673 and p=0.350). Also, the results of the chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups with gingivitis and those without gingivitis in terms of gender and age distribution. (p>0.05)

The results of this study show that vitamin D deficiency is an effective factor in high gingivitis in children with T1DM. Timely monitoring of the level of this vitamin in patients with gingivitis is essential.

Although soft tissue calcifications are relatively common and are commonly seen on panoramic radiographs, few studies have reported their causes. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between systemic diseases and ectopic calcifications.

In this descriptive study, the study population included patients referred to the Radiology Department of two specialized dental clinics in Ilam and Kermanshah cities from 2020-2021. A total of 1000 participants were voluntarily examined. The collected data were analyzed using the correlation and logistic regression tests. 

The prevalence of calcifications was 39.4% in Ilam and 27.6% in Kermanshah. Also, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between systemic diseases and calcifications (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between systemic diseases and calcifications was r=0.76 (P=0.02) in Ilam, and r=0.84 (P=0.00) in Kermanshah. Age and sex could not predict calcifications (P>0.05).

Based on the findings, calcifications on panoramic radiographs may serve as a predictor for presence of systemic diseases.

Odontogenic lesions related to impacted teeth are common findings in routine dental exams, with the potential to cause tooth pain, displacement, bone expansion, or even bone erosion. Thus, their early detection is important. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of such lesions based on patient age, gender, and location at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, over five years.

This retrospective study evaluated records from the oral pathology department, covering a five-year period. The association of odontogenic lesions with impacted teeth was assessed. Data on lesion type, patient age and gender, involved jaw, lesion location, and affected teeth were extracted from patient records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.

Out of 815 odontogenic lesions, 44.4% were associated with impacted teeth. The patient distribution was 52.48% male and 47.52% female. Lesions were most prevalent in the third decade of life (24.58%), and third molars (59.39%) were frequently involved. The posterior mandible (68.5%) and mandibular third molar (55%) were common sites. Dentigerous cysts had the highest frequency (35.4%), with odontogenic cysts (developmental) occurring more frequently (70.7%) than odontogenic tumors.

The study underscores a significant association between odontogenic lesions and impacted or unerupted teeth. Periodic follow-ups are crucial for retaining impacted teeth based on these findings.

 chronic periodontitis is a slowgrowing inflammdory disease mostly evident in adults Many mental disorders such as depression are related to some physical diseases. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the indicators of chronic periodontitis in people with major depression compared to healthy people in Ilam city in 2021-2022.

 The type of cross-sectional study is descriptive and analytical. The statistical population included 84 patients with major depression who are hospitalized or outpatients in the psychiatric department of Mustafa Hospital. Information was collected through a researcher-made form. This form contains two parts: demographic information part (age, sex, education, place of residence, contact number, duration of illness); periodontal information section (including plaque index, pocket depth, bleeding and adhesion limit). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18 and t-tests, analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation.

 In this study, 84 people including depressed patients (42people) and healthy people (42people) were investigated. The average age of the two groups was 36.11 and 32.9 years, respectively. The indices of pocket depth and buccal and palatal bleeding, clinical attachment level and plaque were significantly higher in depressed patients. Older age, female sex, and lower education were more common in people with depression, but only the level of education was statistically significant (P<0.001). BOP in depressed patients was significantly more than healthy people.(p<0.01) This plaque index was significantly higher in depressed patients with less and higher education than healthy people .(p<0.01)

 It seems, Periodontal indexes such as gingival bleeding and pocket depth were higher in patients with major depressive disorder.

The mandibular bone, similar to other bones in the human body, has a number of effective anatomical features that the use of radiographic images of these features can be effective in various findings, such as forensic dentistry. The present study aimed to estimate age, gender, and height by measuring the anthropometric radiographic indices of the mandible in 20-50-year-olds of Iranian race.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 people (50 female and 50 male) who were referred to the Orthodontics Department of Ilham Dental School in 2018. The required information was extracted and recorded from patients' panoramic radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and SPSS (version 22) software.

The results of this study showed no significant difference between any of the studied variables with age (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was observed between mandibular width, mandibular height, gonial angle, mandibular canal, and the superior-inferior position of the mandibular foramen with gender and height (P<0.05). Moreover, no significant difference was found between the location of the mental foramen and the posterior and anterior position of the mandibular foramen with height (P>0.05). In addition, although no significant difference was seen between the antegonial angle and gender, the antegonial angle had a significant relationship with height (P<0.04).

There is a significant relationship between skeletal variables and gender and height, and it may be possible to determine the gender and height of individuals by evaluating radiomorphometric indices.

Due to their satisfactory analgesic properties and minor side effects, prescribing medications such as Naproxen and Novafen, has long been an area of clinical research. This study aimed to compare the effect of Naproxen and Novafen on postoperative pain, swelling, and quality of life in patients undergoing mandibular third molar surgery. This double-blind randomized clinical trial included all healthy adults within the age range of 18-30 years old referred to a dental clinic in Ilam, Iran in need of third molar surgery. Patients had unerupted mesioangular third molars in the mandible. Participants were randomly allocated to two equal groups, receiving either Naproxen or Novafen postoperatively. Patients were evaluated one, three and seven days, postoperatively in terms of pain, swelling and quality of life. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, T-test, and ANOVA. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 102 consecutive patients took part in this study, including 51 females and 51 males with a mean age of 24.77 ± 4.03 years. On the first day after surgery, there was no significant difference regarding pain intensity between the two groups (P=0.064). There was a significantly greater reduction in pain intensity values in the Naproxen group compared to the Novafen group (P<0.001). On the third and seventh days postoperatively, pain intensity reduced significantly in the Naproxen group (P=0.003). In both Naproxen and Novafen analgesia groups, the degree of swelling on the seventh day was significantly less compared to the first and third days (P<0.05). Novafen showed less reduction in swelling in comparison to Naproxen. According to the obtained results, Naproxen is able to induce a greater reduction in postoperative pain and swelling compared to Novafen, and could therefore be used as a cost-effective and relatively safe medication for pain management after third molar surgery.

The role of E-cadherin and CD44 has been proven in the development and progression of cancerous and precancerous lesions. It seems that these two markers have a high ability to evaluate the premalignancy of lichen planus lesions and oral leukoplakia. This study aimed to investigate and compare the expression of CD44 and E-cadherin markers in oral leukoplakia, lichen planus, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

This analytical-descriptive study was conducted on 60 blocks of lichen planus, leukoplakia, and squamous cell carcinoma. The blocks were stained by CD44 and E-cadherin antibodies. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22), and a P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Only 30% of the SCC samples expressed the CD44 marker, while 40% and 50% of leukoplakia and lichen planus samples expressed the CD44 marker, respectively. The expression of the E-cadherin marker in SCC samples was 40% in the range of staining, while it was 50% and 60% in leukoplakia and lichen planus, respectively. There was not a significant difference between the staining intensity of CD44 and E-cadherin (P<0.16). However, in SCC, 70% of the cases showed mild to moderate expression intensity that was statistically significant, compared to lichen planus and leukoplakia (P<0.004).

It seems that the severity of CD44 and E-cadherin incidence can indicate the changes in dysplasia and premalignancy of oral lichen planus and leukoplakia, compared to oral carcinomas.

 Ancient schwannoma is an uncommon neoplasm originating from the peripheral nerve sheaths. Ancient schwannoma occurs mostly in head and neck region and its occurrence is very rare in retroperitoneal (about 0.7% to 2.6% of all schwannomas), and despite its benign nature, it can show malignant behaviors and it may be misdiagnosed with sarcomas in some cases. There is nonspecific clinical symptoms and radiologic findings. Evaluation of histology and immunochemistry is necessary for diagnosis, and complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice for schwannoma.

we report a unique case of retroperitoneal ancient schwannoma in a 50-year-old man with complaint of severe pain in the right flank area for 3 days ago, which was diagnosed with ancient schwannoma after evaluation of the histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings. After surgery, the patient was kept under regular follow-up since last 15 months without any evidence of recurrence.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is one of the imaging methods in radiography that makes the ability of precise and 3D imaging of maxillofacial possible. It occurs with the minimum level of distortion and shows a decrease of danger that comes from the ray. Accordingly, it is known as an essential way of performing an accurate treatment. Therefore, the dentist's knowledge and attitude on giving prescriptions, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of CBCT have gained high importance.  This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of general dentists in Ilam about prescription cases, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the CBCT in 2018.

This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 general dentists in Ilam, Iran, during 2018. A questionnaire was used to investigate the dentist's knowledge level, and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22).

This study included 27 (54%) males and 23 (46%) females. The knowledge level about CBCT based on age and gender showed no statistical difference (P=0.23). Furthermore, regarding the relationship between the knowledge about CBCT and the work experience of the dentists, there was no significant difference in this regard (P=0.654). In addition, there was no significant difference between knowledge level about CBCT and participating in training courses (P=0.213). The maximum use of CBCT was for intraoral investigations. Moreover, the maximum cases of using CBCT was for extraoral investigations. The most important reason for not using CBCT was because of high cost (54%), and the most correct answers of the respondents were about knowledge and the application of CBCT in determining the position of the implants before surgery (96%). The knowledge of the general dentists was (47.884%) which was classified in a low group.

The findings from this study showed that the knowledge level of general dentists in Ilam about CBCT was nearly low, and the maximum level of the knowledge belonged to the experienced ones.

Teeth may need root canal treatment for various reasons. The anatomy of the root canal varies not only between different types of teeth but also between similar teeth. Although there must be at least one canal in the root, some roots have multiple canal of different length. The goal of this study was investigation of the number of root canals in mandibular molars and premolars teeth in Ilam in 2020.

This study was descriptive-analytic study that performed on 60 mandibular premolars and molars (first premolars 15, second premolars 15, first molars 15, second molars 15) randomly with considering of the sex of patients. Data were analyzed by SPSS22.
(Ethic code: IR.MEDILAM.REC.1399.064)

In the first and second premolars, the highest frequency of single canal as 86.7% and 93.3%, respectively. In the first and second molars, the highest frequencies related to the three channels were 53.3% and 86.7%, respectively. The prevalence of 4-channel molars was higher in women and 3-channel in men. This difference was not statistically significant. Between two radiologists and endodontists to determine the number of root canals in the first and second premolars and the first and second molars, a good agreement was reported with kappa agreement coefficient of 0.92 and (P = 0.000).

According to the results of the present study, the first and second mandibular premolars had mostly single root and one canal, and the first and second mandibular molars had often   two roots and three channels.

Today, implant treatment is one of the most popular dental treatments. To have a successful long-lasting implant treatment, enough bone is needed in that area. Given the positive effects of simvastatin on osteogenesis, this research aimed to compare the effect of freeze-dried bone allograft with and without simvastatin in extracted tooth socket in rats.

This experimental study was conducted in 72 Wistar rats (300 gr). Then rats were randomly divided into two groups (control and intervention). We evaluated osteogenesis, inflammation and granulation tissue formation after four and eight weeks. Data analysis was done applying ANOVA and Tukey post-test in SPSS V22.

After four and eight weeks, there were significant differences in the rate of osteogenesis between the intervention groups (FDBA+Simvastatin and FDBA) (P= 0.001). A thsese times, the rates of inflammation were found to be significantly lower in animals that received FDBA+Simvastatin compared to the control group (P<0.001). At weeks four and eight, the amount of granulation tissue was lower in FDBA+Simvastatin group than the FDBA group (P<0.05).

The study showed that simvastatin can significantly increase the amount of osteogenesis and also could reduce inflammation and granulation tissue formation.

 Gingivitis and periodontitis cause the inflammation of the soft tissue around the teeth and destroy the supporting structures of the teeth. This is highly prevalent during pregnancy and lactation.

 The present study aimed to investigate the periodontal status in pregnant and lactating women in Ilam province, Iran in 2018 - 2019.

 This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 pregnant and lactating women who were selected via cluster and stratified sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24 using independent t-test, chi-square, and one-way ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05.

 The mean age of the pregnant and lactating women was 25.62 ± 5.52 and 29.08 ± 6.83 years, respectively. In total, 30% of the pregnant women had a healthy gingival, 18% had bleeding, 36% had a mass, and 16% had CPITN. As for the lactating women, 44% had a healthy gingival, 32% had bleeding, 20% had a mass, and 4% had an envelope. CPITN index II and III were significantly higher in the pregnant women compared to the lactating women. Among the pregnant women, there were 49 housewives and only one employee, while 50 of the lactating women were housewives.

 According to the results, the sample population had an unfavorable periodontal status, and the pregnant women needed more oral health education.

Despite major advances in oral health in the past decades, tooth decay is one of the most common preventable diseases in the worldwide. Nowadays, Streptococcus mutans is discussed as one of the most important challenges in tooth decay. Also, medicinal herbs can be considered as an effective weapon against infectious diseases. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the biofilm formation in S. mutans clinical isolates and to evaluate the anti-biofilm properties of Crocus sativus against S. mutans clinical isolates. In this study, thirty dental plaque samples were collected. Then, identification of samples was performed by standard methods. Biofilm formation was evaluated on S. mutans clinical isolates. C. sativus alcoholic extract was applied as an anti-biofilm formation in this isolates. Our results demonstrated that a significant number of S. mutans samples were identified as biofilm producers. Then, C. sativus in 60 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml and 8 mg/ml were able to eradicated strong, moderate and week biofilm formation in thisisolates, respectively. In addition, more extensive studies and in vivo research are needed to confirm the results of this study.

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a major chronic vasculitis disorder that its etiology is unknown. Patients are mostly Asian women who often show nonspecific symptoms such as fever, myalgia, arthralgia, weight loss, and anemia. The report relates to a 17-year-old girl suffering from complaints, permanent and uncontinental pain starting from a month earlier, with loss of appetite and weight loss (4 kg), and night sweats. She had no diarrhea or gastrointestinal symptoms but had a pain in the shoulder and chest area since the last 5 months. She got better after seeing a physician and receiving supplements. She had a history of pain in the ear from the last five months leading to otitis, and was treated as a case of brucellosis with a score of 1.20 in the Coombs Wright test. According to the physical examination findings, the patient's left, radial, ulnar, and proximal pulses, and blood pressure were unexplained, and in the supraclavicular region of the left and the umbilical region, bruit was heard and the shape of the left nail was changed. Laboratory tests and imaging were performed for the patient, and after angiography, the left subclavian artery stenosis was detected. Given the age and sex of the patient and the results obtained, she was diagnosed with Takayasu's arteritis.

One of the most common maxillofacial malformations is mandibular advancement, a class II malformation or malocclusion. One treatment is mandibular advancement surgery. This research aimed to investigate the effect of mandibular advancement surgery on upper lip length in class II patients. This retrospective study was conducted with 16 patients having class II malformations who underwent mandibular advancement surgery. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 19. Results showed that although height of philtrum increased after surgery, there was no significant difference in the height of the philtrum from before to after the mandibular advancement surgery (p > 0.05). Evaluation of the patients showed that although commissure height and vermilion height decreased after surgery, this difference was not statistically different(p > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference between before and after commissure height (p <0.05) at camouflage in patients. There was also a statistically significant difference in height of philtrum and vermilion between before and after camouflage in patients (p <0.05). The results of this study suggest that mandibular advancement surgery plays a serious role in the clinical appearance of lip soft tissue, which can be used as a predictor of patient profile prior to surgery.

There is a lot of burnout and stresses in various ways of people’s lives which could result in psychological pressure, negative emotions, confusion, worry, and anxiety. Therefore, emotion cognitive regulation can play an important role in coping with burnout and adapting to stressful life events. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the emotional cognitive regulation strategies and burnout in dentists in Ilam.

The method of the present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all dentists in Ilam in 2019. By simple random sampling method, 81 dentists in Ilam were selected as sample. The research instruments included the Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P) and the Employee Burnout Questionnaire (MBI). Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software at the level of descriptive statistics by mean and standard deviation indices, and at the inferential level by Pearson correlation coefficient test.

The results showed that there was a significant negative and inverse relationship between the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and burnout in dentists  (r=-0.862, P<0.000). There was also a significant positive and direct relationship between the maladaptive emotional cognitive regulation strategies and burnout in dentists (r=0.829, P<0.000).

According to the results of this study, it seems that dentists should pay more attention to the components of emotion regulation and emotions in order to prevent and reduce job burnout.

: Decades have passed since the use of radiographic technology as an accurate paraclinical tool and it has always been tried to observe protective measures against ionizing radiation. This issue is especially important in the field of dentistry due to the frequent use of radiographs in the office. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to determine the principles of radiation protection in dental offices in Ilam.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The number of samples was equal to 42 dental offices in Ilam. Information completed by checklist. Data were collected by SPSS24 software at a significance level of 0.05 and descriptive and inferential statistics.

There was no significant relationship between personnel protection methods with age and work experience, also between the device with gender and work experience (P>0.05). There was no significant relationship between processing method and between exposure time with age, gender and work experience (P>0.05). There was no significant relationship between radiography technique and age and gender (P>0.05) but there was a significant relationship with work experience (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between the radiographer with gender and work experience (P<0.05) .

The results of this study indicated that dental

One of the important parameters for implant placement is the presence of sufficient bone in terms of height and transverse thickness. Dental surgeons using the lateralization technique for inferior alveolar nerve transposition face challenges due to the neurological disorders caused by this technique. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of neurological disorders associated with nerve transposition following implant placement.

In this descriptive study, 26 patients over 18 years of age were selected. These subjects were toothless in the posterior mandibular region for a long time. Moreover, in these patients, the distance between the posterior ridges to the roof of the inferior alveolar canal was less than 10 mm. The prevalence of neural complications were assessed after 1 week 1,3,6 and 12 months following nerve transposition by using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 19) using the Chi-square test to measure mean and standard deviation through and a significance level of 0.5.

The study sample (n=26) consisted of 16 (61.5%) males and 10 (38.5%) females with the mean age of 56±6.7 years. The most common complication related to the inferior alveolar nerve was experiencing anesthesia which was reported to be 96.2%, 96.2%, 96.2%, 57.7%, and 19% during the 1st week, 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month, and 12th month post-surgery, respectively. Furthermore, it was reported that the tingling sensation decreased from 30.8% in 1 week to 11.5% in 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the surgery.

Considering the results, all patients reported experiencing neurological disorders the day after the surgery; however, they recovered to normal state after a few weeks.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is among the ten most frequent malignant tumors, with SCC accounting for 94% of oral malignancies. Myofibroblasts and macrophages are multifunctional cells that have a crucial role in the biological behavior of these tumors. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the frequency of myofibroblasts and macrophages between oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.

Sixty paraffin blocks, consisting of 20 cases of OSCC, 20 cases of CSCC, 10 cases of normal skin, and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa, were selected for this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. To evaluate the prevalence of myofibroblasts, α-SMA staining and CD163 markers for macrophages were used. In this study, the data were analyzed with Wilk-Shapiro test and t-test using SPSS 19. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

The mean myofibroblast scores in CSCC and OSCC were 20.05 and 20.95, respectively, with no significant difference between the means (P>0.05). The mean macrophage scores in the skin and oral cavity were 28.125 and 49.67, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05), indicating that the mean oral macrophage score was significantly higher than that in the skin. There was no significant difference between the presence and accumulation of macrophages and myofibroblasts between the oral and cutaneous SCCs; however, the intensity of accumulation and color pattern in OSCC and CSCC were higher than those in the normal skin and mucosa (P<0.05).

According to the results of this study, it appears the biological behavior of OSCC and CSCC does not depend on myofibroblasts, and other factors might be involved.

Schwannoma is a rare benign neural neoplasm derived from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. Schwannoma accounts for 25% to 48% of all neoplasm cases in the head and neck region. Oral Schwannoma is an uncommon soft tissue tumor comprising of 1% of all Schwannomas. Tongue is the most common location for oral schwannoma. Occurrence of gingival schwannoma is very rare and less than 10 cases have been reported until now. Oral Schwannoma occurs in the mean age of 43 years. In this report, we present a unique case of Schwannoma in a 12-year-old male child with an enlarged semi-firm nodule on the labial surface of his right mandiular gingiva canine tooth which was provisionally diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma. However, the histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed it as Schwannoma. After the surgery, the patient was kept under regular follow-up and there has been no evidence of recurrence during the last 15 months.

Hydatidosis (hydatid cyst) is one of the most common infectious diseases between humans and animals that it is created by parasite (tapeworm) the echinococcusgranulosus larvae, which randomly infects an individual to one or more cysts. The hydatid cyst can affect all organs. The most common sites of involvement is liver and lung and rarely other organs, such as the kidneys, the brain, the heart, the bone and the spleen, can also be involved.
Due to the rare occurrence of renal hydatid cyst in this article, we report a 50 year old patient with renal hydatid cyst.

Melatonin is a hormone secreted from the pineal gland and plays an important role in regulating the brain functions. This hormone with antioxidant activity supports the body against internal and external damaging factors. Melatonin reduces the production of free radicals by preserving mitochondrial homeostasis, and contributes to ATP synthesis in mitochondria. Reduction of melatonin by aging is one of the hypotheses suggested to be implicated in increase of the incidence of neurological disorders. Various factors play a role in the regulation and production of the melatonin. This hormone can act as a neuroprotective agent for some neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and migraine. According to the positive effects on the nervous system, non-toxic properties following long-term application, and the absence of side effects, melatonin can be a suitable compound for treatment of some neurological disease.

Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignant neoplasm and one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Dentists’ lack of knowledge about the signs and symptoms of oral cancer is an important for diagnosing the oral cancer accurately and at early stages. In this study, we examined the level of dentists’ awareness toward oral cancer in Ilam, Iran.

A total of 98 dentists (65 males and 33 females) with average age of 35.57±7.9 years were invited to take part in the study and respond to suitably designed questionnaires. Data were collected and a possible relationship between age and knowledge score was further analyzed.

The maximum awareness score that respondents could attain was 13. The mean score was 8.14 ± 1.8, which was higher than the national average level. The average scores for men and women were 7.58 ± 2.1 and 8.46 ± 1.5, respectively. But, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.1).There was no statistically significant relationship between age and knowledge score (P = 0.3, r = -0.11).In addition, knowledge score in different age groups were compared, and there was no significant difference (P = 0.5).

Results of this study indicated that dentists’ awareness about oral cancer is higher than average in Ilam; however, the need for educational programs for increasing the level of knowledge about oral cancer is recommended.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney is very rare. Due to the lack of clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment is often delayed. Because of the nature of invasive squamous cell carcinoma, most patients experience metastasis and recurrence. Prognosis of the disease is poor and survival of patients has been reported less than 5 years. We report a squamous cell carcinoma with a staghorn stone in the left kidney of a 63-year-old woman.

Cancer is one of the five leading causes of death around the world, and head and neck cancer is one of the most common incidences, leading to the death of thousands of people each year. Given the epidemiological importance of head and neck cancers, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of head and neck cancers over a 10-year period in Ilam.

This descriptive study was done using the files of 1106 patients with head and neck lesions who were referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in Ilam in a 10-year period between 2004 and 2015. All the data in the files, including age, sex, type and location of the lesion, was recorded, evaluated, and analyzed using independent t-tests and chi-square statistical methods with SPSS 19.

The annual incidence of head and neck cancers in Ilam was estimated at 1.5 per 100,000 people. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common cancer of the head and neck (18.50%). The most common site of squamous cell carcinoma occurrence was the tongue at 54%. Regarding sex, 55.5% of patients were male and 44.5% were female. Regarding malignancy, 289 lesions (26.13%) were reported as malignant and 817 lesions (73.86%) were reported as benign.

Considering the high incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma the importance of early diagnosis of these cancers and their treatment requires appropriate planning to improve survival of these patients and to reduce the disease’s complications.