khadijeh abolmali alhoseini

The purpose of this study is to explain the role and duties of educational managers in the process of cultural development in the dimensions of national-religious identity, social order and cohesion, cultural goods and services and international cultural interactions. The qualitative research method is data foundation theory with a systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. The statistical population in this study includes managers and experts who had executive experience or research background in the field of culture implementation. The sampling method started purposefully and continued with the snowball method until reaching the theoretical saturation level, and a total of 12 experts were interviewed. The research findings were designed and classified in the form of 209 open source 58, basic concept and 19 central codes and 5 selected categories under the headings of causal factors, research phenomenon, contextual factors, interfering factors, strategies and consequences in a paradigm model. Findings showed that educational managers play two roles in the process of cultural development; One in the form of cultural management and the other in the form of cultural leadership. In the position of cultural management, they play executive and structural roles. Educational managers in the position of cultural leadership also play content roles. The most important causal conditions affecting the role of managers included measures to achieve national identity and consumption of cultural goods. Underlying and interfering factors were identified in both external and internal issues.

This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of couple therapy based on object relationships and compare it with solution-oriented couple therapy on the emotional expression of spouses with marital conflict.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a two-month control and study groups and a statistical population of 192 couples referring to Hekmat and Saadat Counseling Centers in the first six months of 2019. After screening the subjects with King and Ammons (1990) Emotional Expression Questionnaire, 60 couples who got less than 40 scores from the cut-off point were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly placed in the Object Relationship Couple Therapy study groups (10 couples), the solution-oriented couple therapy study group (10 couples) and control group (10 couples) . The first study group received eight 90-minute sessions of Donovan Object Relationship Couple Therapy Intervention (2013), and the second study group received the MacDonald Solution Axis Couple Therapy intervention for eight 90-minute sessions (2007), and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed variance analysis.

The findings showed the effect of object relationship couple therapy intervention on positive emotional expression (F = 114.76, P = 0.001), emotional intimacy expression (F = 228.85, P = 0.001) and negative emotional expression (F = 34.88, P = 0.001). And it showed the effect of solution-oriented couple therapy intervention on positive emotional expression (F = 49.96, P = 0.001), emotional intimacy expression (F = 116.30, P = 0.001), negative emotional expression (F = 16.46, P = 0.004) and the stability of this effect in the follow-up stage.

The results of this study indicate that object relations couple therapy intervention and solution-oriented couple therapy are appropriate methods to increase positive emotional expression and emotional intimacy expression and reduce negative emotional expression in spouses with marital conflict.