فهرست مطالب khadijeh foghi

Obstructive azoospermia is one of the causes of post-testicular infertility in men and previous studies have reported inconsistent levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme in these patients. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide further evidence on the expression of eNOS enzyme in patients with azoospermia. In this case-control study, 10 patients, who were diagnosed with azoospermia and were referred to the infertility center for treatment or diagnosis, and 7 healthy fertile men were recruited. An informed written consent was obtained from included subjects and they underwent testicular biop-sies. Samples were assessed via immunohistochemical methods to determine their levels of eNOS expression. Both leydig and sertoli cells were found to express eNOS, while this enzyme was not expressed in normal germinal cells. The only significant difference between the two groups was the level of eNOS expression in sertoli cells which was found to be higher in patients with obstructive azoospermia compared to the control group (P<0.001). According to the results of this study, sertoli cells and their interactions with germinal cells of seminiferous tubule might play an important role in sperm quality and a subsequent successful fertiliza-tion.

Studies have documented the morhplogical, neurochemical and functional difference between the dorsal and ventral zones of hippocampus. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of chronic diabetes mellitus type1 on ventral and dorsal zones of hippocampus. Experimental diabetes was induced by stereptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg. At the end of 8 weeks the brains were removed and stained by cresyl violet. The number of dark neurons in CA1 and CA3 regions of dorsal and ventral zones of hippocampus was counted by modified stereological method. The number of dead neurons in CA3 ventral showed significant level of difference (P<0.05) in comparison to CA3 dorsal. The number of dead neurons in CA1 ventral and CA1 dorsal showed also significant difference (P<0.05) The results of our study Provide evidence that is indicative of more vulnerability of ventral zone than dorsal zone of hippocampus to diabetes mellitus type 1.

Obstructive azoospermy is one of the cause of infertility in men which is classified as post testicular disorders. According to previous studies patients with azoospermia show deferent levels of eNOS enzyme. The aim of this study was to assess the eNOS enzyme expression in patients with azoospermia. Method and Materials: In this case control study 10 patients with azoospermia and 7 healthy men referred to infertility center for treatment or diagnosis were studied. After filling consents the testicular biopsies were obtained and fixed Leydig and sertoli cells expressed eNOS، but germinal normal cells did not expressed eNOS enzyme. Interestingly eNOS enzyme expression in case group showed significant level of difference in comparison with those of control (P<0. 001). according to the results of this study sertoli cells and their intractions with germinal cells of seminiferous tubule may play an important role in sperm quality and a successful fertilization.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule that incorporates in many physiological processes of female reproductive system. Recent studies suggested the possible role of endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme in female infertility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in endometrial tissue of women with unexplained infertility. In this case-control study a total of 18 endometrial tissues obtained from 10 women with unexplained infertility and 8 normal and fertile women by endometrial biopsy, 6 to 10 days after LH surge. Specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldhyde fixative and frozen sectioned for semi-quantitative immunohistochemical evaluation using monoclonal anti-human eNOS antibody. Hematoxilin and Eosin was used for Histological dating. Localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was seen in glandular and luminal epithelium, vascular endothelium and stroma in both fertile women and women with unexplained infertility. Although there were differences in immunoreactivity of glandular epithelium (p=0.44), vascular endothelium (p=0.60) and stroma (p=0.63) but only over-expression of eNOS in luminal epithelium (p=0.045) of women with unexplained infertility compared to fertile women was statistically significant (p<0.05). This study suggests that changes in luminal expression of eNOS may influence receptivity of endometrium.

Non obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the causes of male infertility in which spermatogenesis process is disturbed. Recent studies suggested the possible role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in spermatogenesis process. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expression of eNOS in human testicular tissue in men with NOA and men with normal spermatogenesis by using immunocytochemistry. In this case-control study, testicular biopsies were obtained from 10 men with NOA and 7 men with normospermia who were attended to infertility center for diagnosis or infertility treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize the isoform of eNOS in these tissues and the intensity of staining was semi quantitively assessed. In addition, the histopathological evaluation was examined in both groups. The isoform of eNOS enzyme activity was detected in the cytoplasm of sertoli and leydig cells in both groups. There was, however, a considerable variability in the intensity of staining between two groups. The expression of eNOS in Leydig cells in control group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in the NOA group. In contrast, expression of eNOS in Sertoli cells in NOA was more than those in the control group. eNO Simmune staining was absent in the normal germ cells but was intense in the abnormal germ cells with piknotic neucleous. The most histopathological finding were hypospermatogenesis (27.2%), Sertoli cell only syndrome (18.1%) and tubular fibrotic (13.6%). These results suggested that increase level of eNOS may play an important role in the apoptosis process in the abnormal germ cells and disturbance of spermatogenesis process.