khadijeh rabiei

In this study, natural surface-modified nano-clinoptilolite, NCP@SiO3Pr(CH2)6N4, was synthesized and fully characterized using various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, and TG-DTA analyses. Additionally, this aminated nanocatalyst was evaluated for the effective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds containing valuable substances such as barbituric acid moiety under solvent-free conditions. This catalyst obtained desired products with excellent yields, high purity, and short reaction times. Furthermore, the synthetic, non-toxic heterogeneous nanocatalyst is easily recycled and can be reused several times.

In this research, a novel, low-cost and environmentally friendly nano zeolite clinoptilolite as a catalyst with high thermal stability and reusability was synthesized by an efficient method. For this mind, initially, nano zeolite clinoptilolite synthesized. In continuation of research, a three-stage reaction of nano zeolite clinoptilolite with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilan, hexamethylenetetramine and chlorosulfunic acid compounds desired functionalized nanoclinoptilolite NCP@SiO3PrHMTA-SO3H (D) was obtained. The structure of this synthetic functionalized nanoclinoptilolite was confirmed using various techniques such as; XRD, FT-IR, EDS and SEM analyses. Due to, widespread application of xanthene’s in pharmacology and industrial fields, the catalytic activity of the synthetic nano clinoptilolite was studied for the three-component synthesis of different xanthene dione derivatives under solvent-free conditions. In the presence of this novel synthetic nanocatalyst, desired products were synthesized with excellent yield, short reaction time with high purity. The structure of prepared xanthene dione derivatives was characterized by spectroscopic data and melting point.

In this research, convenientand environmental friendly method has been reported for preparation of double Schiff bases N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylydene)-1,1-diaminoalkane. These compounds have been synthesized through one pot three component reaction of salicylaldehyde, ammonium hydroxide and various aliphatic aldehydes under ultrasonic irradiation and solvent free conditions. All of desire double Schiff bases obtained with excellent yields and short reaction times using this method. The structure of nine products (4a-i), characterized using different spectroscopy data such as: 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and Mass spectrometric. With attention to structure of synthetic double Schiff bases, in continuation of research, physicochemical properties of compounds surveyed using Molinsiration calculating server. As a results, all of the synthetic double Schiff bases obey the Lipinski rules of five and exhibit good absorption, permeability and penetration abilities in human body.

Over the past few decades different Schiff bases have been studied which show that these compounds are prepared by condensation reaction of aldehydes and ketones with different amines. In this research, some heterocyclic Schiff bases were synthesized and their antibacterial activity were evaluated against different bacteria. In continuation of research, physicochemical properties of synthetic Schiff bases were predicted.

In this research, initially, compounds 3a-3c and 6 were synthesized through condensation reaction of benzaldehyde derivatives with pyridine-2-amine and thiophen-2-amine derivatives. The structures of the synthetic Schiff bases were confirmed by spectroscopy data such as infrared, mass spectrometric, nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen and carbon. Antibacterial activity of all synthesized compounds were evaluated against different bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Also, physicochemical properties perpetrated heterocyclic Schiff bases checked using Molinspiration calculating server.

Among these synthetic derivatives, compounds 3a and 3c are the most effective compounds against Salmonella typhi. Physicochemical analysis indicated that all the synthesized compounds have good oral absorption from intestinal tract.

Among these synthetic heterocyclic Schiff bases, compounds 3a and 3c could be considered as antibacterial agents with broad spectrum. Physicochemical properties showed that all the compounds obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five and likely have a good oral absorption.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder without any curative treatment so, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic modalities are used to improve pain and disability. This is a study for evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Elaeagnus angustifolia and ginger extracts in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Patients and This randomized double-blind clinical trial study carried out on 80 outpatients with knee OA. The patients were randomized to take 200 mg extract of E. angustifolia and ginger or placebo. Knee radiography, serum biochemistry and blood pressure were recorded at baseline and the patients were evaluated for pain intensity, patient and physician global assessment of efficacy, and analgesic use in the past week. The statistical analysis was done using χ2 and t-test for comparing the mean values of patients at baseline and after intervention. Sixty-one patients completed the study. Of all 97.5% of patients were females and the mean of BMI was 30 ± 4.5 kg/m2. An entry 53 (66.2%) of patients were receiving analgesics. Eight weeks after the intervention, the patients in drug group had more improvement in pain intensity according to visual analogue scale (VAS) (P = 0.02) and the physician evaluation according to a 4-scale scoring system (P = 0.03), but the analgesic consumption for pain control was not different. Serum biochemistry and ESR did not change after the intervention. The results of this study suggest that combination of E. angustifolia and ginger extracts are safe and may have some efficacy in patients with knee OA.

There are some studies about the good effects of herbal medicine on blood glucose. This study was designed to evaluate the synergism effect of Peganum Harmala (P.harmala), Quercus Infectoria (Q.i), Vaccinium Myrtillus (V.myrtillus), Citrullos Colocynthis (C.colocynthis), Securigera Securidaca (S.s) on blood glucosein type 2 diabetic patients. Twenty four type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in this cross over double- blinded clinical trial for receiving two months herbal medication and placebo. The subjects divided into two groups randomly. One group received herbal medication (the doses of 25mg/person of V.myrtillus, S.s and Mazoj and 62.5mg C.colocynthis, P.harmala) and the other group received placebo for 8 weeks. After washout period the herbal medication and placebo were replaced for the next 8 weeks. T-test and Chi-square were used for the comparison of variables between two groups. After two months, mean fasting blood glucose was 135±27.1 and 139±36.8 mg/dl, (P-value=0.64), and mean glycosylated hemoglobin was 6.5±0.75 and 6.6±0.97 percent, with herbal medication and placebo, respectively (P-value=0.51). About 15.4%of patients after herbal medication and 15.4 % after placebo consumption had 0.8% reduction in HbA1C (P-value=1/0). The mean HOMA IR index, after two months intervention with herbal medication or placebo, was 2.9±1.95 and 3.9±1.97, respectively (P-value=0.05). low dose combination of P.harmala, Q.i, V.myrtillus, C.colocynthis, S.s may improve the insulin sensitivity and we did not find significant effect on blood glucose with low dose of this combination.

To review the current situation regarding prenatal diagnosis (PND) in Islamic countries. A descriptive study (narrative review) has been done based on the available data in formal international and national published documents in 2013. The sources were papers, websites and electronic books. Time limitation of searches has started 20 years ago. The main languages were English and Persian. Frothy seven nations were officially referred as Islamic since more than 50% of the citizens are Muslims. The holy Qur''an and Islamic traditions (Shari''aht) are the core of the civil laws, however, the legal grounds for prenatal diagnosis differ in Islamic countries. The main ground is the endangerment of a mother''s life, however, severe suffering of parents (Osr va Haraj) is also considered in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Some other important issues such as pregnancies as a result of rape should be discussed more in some Islamic countries. Many “hard to treat diseases” such as chromosomal disorders, major hemoglobinopathies, inborn error of metabolism, Duchene muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular dystrophy are being diagnosed early in embryonic period that medical abortion is advisable. Prenatal diagnosis is an acceptable practice in both religious and secular governments in the so-called Islamic countries.

Abstract Hirsutism is a common symptom presenting to primary care endocrinologists, gynecologists, and dermatologists. Management is usually a long and troublesome process. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fennel topical gel on mild to moderate idiopathic hirsutism. The randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was carried out from 2009 to 2011, in Sari, Iran. Forty four women with mild to moderate idiopathic hirsutism were randomly divided to case and control groups, each group included 22 cases. The case group received fennel gel 3% and the control group received placebo. The effect of fennel gel 3% was defined as reduction of thickness of facial hair in micrometer by microscope in comparison with placebo. Measurements were performed at zero time and 24 weeks after treatment. This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (www.irct.ir) with registration number ID: IRCT138901213672N1. The mean age of patients was 26.9±6.7 and 25.6±4.3 years in case and control groups, respectively. Hair thickness was similar between the two groups before intervention. The hair thickness reduced from 97.9±31.5 to 75.6±26.7 micron in patients receiving fennel gel after 28 weeks (P<0.001). Four patients complained of itching (3 in case group) and 4 patients complained of irritation and itching (3 in case group). However, this difference was not statistically significant. The study indicated that fennel gel 3% is effective in decreasing hair thickness in women with idiopathic mild to moderate hirsutism

This study has been done in order to evaluate the papers published in the «Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences» from 2007 to 2010. A questionnaire was developed according to the design, evidence level, and recommendations to write scientific papers. Validity was achieved by consulting experts. Reliability was tested by re-evaluation of 7 randomly selected papers, one month after the first evaluation by Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0. 8). Different parts of the paper, including title, abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and references, were evaluated by a total of 47 questions. Each required item was judged as: appropriate, partially appropriate, not appropriate, and not applicable. SPSS software was used for descriptive analysis. From spring 2007 to summer 2010, 7 issues with 72 papers were published. The most frequent problem in the title was that one could not understand the design of the research by reading it. In the abstract part, in 90% of papers, time and setting of research were not mentioned. Statistical test was not mentioned in 70%, and reliability of the questionnaires was not mentioned in 70% of papers. The discussion part was the hardest part to judge and had few inappropriate issues, such as unnecessary repetition of introduction and/or results; in 20% of papers the conclusion was not appropriate based on the research design. The evaluated papers had strong points, yet more effort is needed for them to approach excellence.

This study was done in order to assess the appropriateness of elevators of public/private buildings located in Mazandaran province. This was a cross-sectional study done in summer 2010. Examined buildings were randomly selected when there were many samples, however, all were assessed if were unique or less than 4 such in the cities. A check list was developed according to governmental standards. Content validity was obtained by consultation with experts and consumers. Reliability was tested by "test-re-test" method (using Pearson correlation Coefficient, r 0.77). Thirty five hundreds buildings in 4 categories (educational, health care related, community services, residential and leisure places) were assessed with 4 items regarding the function and services to provide. Items were included: presence of sliding doors, enough space of lift for accommodating at least one wheelchair, appropriate height and place of the order button in/out of the elevator, palpable button for use by blind handicapped. Scales for evaluation were as; existed/none existed. Data entered the SPSS (16) software to analyze. One thousand and three hundreds and ten community service (CS), 1010 residential / leisure places (RLP), 830 health care related buildings (HCR) and 350 educational buildings (EB) were evaluated. In 93% of CS, 94% of RLP, 92% of HCR and 83% of EB, the mentioned criteria were not met. Despite the existence of a dedicated legislation for comply; the vast majority of elevators were not suitable for the disabled. Needed corrections are necessary and essential.

Background and Ëvaluation of medicinal plants has shown potential antimicrobial effects which introduced many drugs with antibiotic properties. Âs there were controversies about antimicrobial action in the literature، this study evaluates the antibacterial effect of ethanolic (80%) extract of the seeds of Foeniculum vulgare plant. The disc diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MÏÇ) of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus PTÇÇ 1112، Bacillus subtilis PTÇÇ 1023، Ëscherichia coli PTÇÇ 1330، and Salmunella typhi PTÇÇ 1639 were employed and Gentamycin and Âmikacin were used as standards. The hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Foeniculum vulgare showed concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The hydroalcoholic extract was more effective against Ë. coli and less effective on B. subtilis. The MÏÇs were 3. 2 mg/ml and 12. 8 mg/ml for quoted bacteria respectively. Çonclusion: The results concluded that the ethanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare is a potential natural antibacterial agent، however its effect is dependent on the source and extraction method.