فهرست مطالب khalil beygzade

Based on Fairclough's approach, narrative texts can play an important role in recreating cultural, political, social, and meaning-producing structures. One Thousand and One Nights stories have a context based on the production of meaning in the structure of the text and hypertext. The story of the Sindbad Bahri is an example of what has hidden the changeable relation of the act of discourse. In this regard, this study examines the story of Sindbad Bahri based on Fairclough’s theory of critical discourse analysis in three levels of description, interpretation, and explanation using a descriptive-analytical method. It has explored the hidden and obvious layers of meaning of the text of the story. The results of this study show that most of the verbs have a predicative aspect and negative verbs are rarely seen because the existence of positive and predicative verbs shows the omniscience and the narrator's movement in the heart of the story. At the level of interpretation of this story, it expresses the spirit of economic individualism in authoritarian societies where the foundations of Ash'arism and tyranny prevent the government from feeling the duty to maintain a minimum of economic prosperity. The explanation also shows the ideological function of determinism in order to process and produce meaning in the story. The story uses the element of fear, which is a tool of power inequality in the society governing the story and also a sign of acquittal of the ruling class in traditional societies in establishing social justice.

Salman Savoji is one of the poets who have widely used the rhetorical capacities of interrogatives in poetry. Studying Savoji's sonnets through the analysis of the secondary purposes is a way of understanding his composition style and layers of thought. Since in sonnet 521, Savoji uses a rhetorical question with 39 secondary purposes, it seems necessary to investigate his sonnet from the intentionality perspective of interrogative sentences. The aim of the present study is to investigate and classify the secondary purposes of interrogatives in Savoji's sonnets through an archival descriptive-analytical approach. Findings suggest that the poet’s use of rhetorical questions pursues four aims; increasing the emotional burden of words, exaggeration, highlighting and emphasizing, reducing command and reprimand and gaining the approval and support of the audiences. Through rhetorical questions, Savoji has been able to create new meanings with artistic arrangement of vocabulary and the conscious syntactic manipulation. In this manner, he has also been able to make his verse more impressive and increase the influence of his words by creating semantic plurality and multilayered texts and to satisfy the audience by the use and function of such rhetorical questions.

Afdal al-Din Kashani, the philosopher and divine sage of the sixth and seventh centuries, has written several works, in particular in the field of self-knowledge. One of the most significant philosophical concepts to which almost every philosopher has paid attention and Afdal al-Din has also given an independent vote on, is the concept of the “time” and its relation to the aeon and eternity. He, like other metaphysicians, considers a transcendent principle for time which belongs to the world of immaterial things or intelligentsia.  He considers “time” as the moving image of immortality, while he applies the word “aeon” instead of benefiting from the word of immortality. From Afdal’s point of view, Dahr is determined as the amount of existence. The important point is that the philosophy of Afdal is based on intuition and self- consciousness. Therefore, he is more likely to belong to the Ishraqiyun. Also, his emphasis on aeon, as the truth from eternity to eternity, leads us to the ancient origins of Afdal's viewpoint, in particular its relation to Zurvanite esoterism. In present paper, after mentioning the background about philosophical and mystical concepts of time, we will examine the Baba Afdal’s viewpoint in this regard beside explaining his mystical approach.

Lalaei Irani and Alah Tajiky are verses due to mother's emotions of public literature addressing children, besides it is dis-normalization that are affective methods of making outstanding, disfamilairization that is affective approach especially in poems. Such method is used by authors of Lalaei Irani and Alah Tajiky, they have them disfamilar, in order to make the audience's mind entangled in outstanding, intellectual and artistic collection of poems, making it more pleasant. This study aims to assign the methods of semantic disnormarlization in Lalaei Irani and Alah Tajiky due to descriptive-analytical method in the light of comparative literature in the form of structuralism and Linch's model of disfamiliarization. The most important meta-normalization meaning semantic disnormalization has been examined Lalaei Irani and Alah Tajiky. The selection of the present study statistical society is based on 700 frequent hemistiches from Iranian lalaeis as well as 700 frequent hemistiches from Tajiky Alahes that shows the kinds of semantic disnormalization such as; objectification, fluentification, animal-based, experience-based and plantstification in the mother's verses in which plantsification is more visible than other. The use of different disnormalization transfer the mother feeling, poetic emotion, and finally, the audience's reception becomes more effective than the audience mind especially children feel the poetic beauty and semantic emotions more.