فهرست مطالب khashayar seyed shokri

This study examines the effect of renewable energy consumption on the ISEW in selected countries, Using the fixed effects model and multivariate panel model from 1990 to 2020 by providing BISEW that includes economic variables and an environmental component; Pays and then ranks. The relationship between energy and growth and welfare for selected countries is that after static analysis of variables; Cao method and Dickey-Fuller statistics were used for co-integration and Granger causality to determine the direction of the relationship. In addition to per capita energy consumption and renewable energy production, the variables; Gross fixed capital formation (percentage of GDP); work force; Per capita emission index of pollutants (carbon dioxide emissions) as an index of environmental constraints; Capital leases; Degree of commercial openness; Is used. Next, examine the relationship between energy and growth by replacing GDP with the BISEW and analyzing the results; We rank the selected countries. The results showed that renewable energy in developed countries has a positive impact and share in total energy and ISEW; On the other hand, in developed countries; Renewable energy is unilaterally effective in improving the quality of the environment. In developing countries per capita increase in energy consumption except renewable (fossil); It has an impact on sustainable economic growth and there is a two-way relationship between energy consumption and pollution emissions. In the ranking discussion it was identified; South Korea (developed) and UAE are the most stable economies and the Italy and Angola are the least economically stable.

The Imperial Bank of Persia was the most important foreign financial institution in Qajar era of Iran, which was established in 1306 AH (1889) by granting concession by Naser al-Din Shah and was active in Iran for a total of 60 years (total time of concession), so that it can be named as one of the best examples of foreign direct investment during the colonial era in Iran. However the bank was facing serious conflict of interest issues, as it was the most important commercial bank in Iran, it had the exclusive right to print banknotes, the Iranian government was one of its most important customers, it had to answer to its non-Iranian shareholders, and the British authorities had certain political expectations from it. The main subject of this paper is to study the bank's policies facing these conflict of interests in order to better understand an important part of the financial history of the Qajar era, and  the attempts has been made to do the research in historical way and by using descriptive-analytical method and with reference to the available sources and references. This study seeks to answer the question of whether the bank was able to perform its various tasks efficiently. The paper concludes that the bank was neither significantly profitable for its shareholders, nor did perform its' functions as a state-owned bank properly, and nor did its' duties in realizing the British government's colonial goals

This study examines the impact of renewable energy consumption on the sustainable economic growth index (As a measure of the welfare of developing countries in the current situation) in twenty developing countries; Using the fixed effects model and multivariate panel model from 1990 to 2018 by providing a basic index for sustainable economic growth that includes economic variables and an environmental component; Pays and then ranks. After static analysis of variables; Cao method for co-accumulation and Granger causality were used to determine the direction of the relationship. In addition to per capita energy consumption and renewable energy production, the variables; Gross per capita gross fixed capital formation (percentage of GDP); work force; Per capita emission index of pollutants as an index of environmental constraints; Capital leases; Degree of commercial openness; Is used. The results showed that the increase in per capita energy consumption, except for renewable energy; It has an impact on sustainable economic growth and there is a two-way relationship between energy consumption and pollution emissions. In the ranking discussion it was identified; The UAE has the highest and Nigeria the lowest sustainable economic growth.

The present study explores the mechanism of trade effects despite the foreign exchange fluctuations and oil shocks on women's job opportunities in the periods of the recession and prosperity in the country using the Markov-switching Regime ARCH Model during 1984-2016. According to the results of the model estimation, Commercial freedom has a negative impact on women's job opportunities during the recession, which means that government spending in this period is mostly spent on imports. Foreign exchange rate fluctuations have a negative impact on women's job opportunities during the recession and with negative oil shocks, foreign exchange earnings are declined, and government spending is dedicated to import to cope up with inflation and this leads to the reduction of job opportunities and women’s employment. This has led to reduced job opportunities and reduced employment for women. Also, the impact of international trade variables, economic growth rate and positive oil shock on women's employment during the prosperity period is significant, which means that in a country with high trade openness, women's employment will also improve and there will be more job opportunities for women, which can help the country's employment. Therefore, government and private support for women's employment, self-employment, women's entrepreneurship and international trade opportunities can be a positive driver of women's employment growth.

Expansion of telecommunication networks and its impact on various aspects of human life, including economic one has increasingly drawn the attentions to the mobile system of communication. Therefore, in this paper the demand for mobile phones (MCI) and the impact of several variables such as the numbers of immobile phones, BTS antenna, operator SIM card price index, GDP per capita, are investigated. The data measured annually, are collected from 28 provinces for the period of 2000-2008. New operator variable was entered into the model as a dummy variable. Data were gathered from Iran Communication Co. and Iran Statistics Center. At first, the model was estimated for 2000-2005 period. (Irancell entered to the market in 2006). Then estimation was done for 2006-2008 with no second operator. Finally, estimation was conducted for 2000-2008, with inclusion of the second operator. In continuation, a suitable pattern was selected for estimation, using Limer and Hausman tests. The model was estimated by fixed effects method for 2000-2005 and by random effects method for 2000-2008. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between entering the new operator and the demand for the services of Hamrah-e Aval Co. (MCI), and this demand was increased by entering the new operator. Also, price elasticity of demand for MCI is low and therefore it's services are considered as essential goods.

This paper discusses the comparison of Iranian export awards with Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. At first, theoretical literature of export subsidies is considered. Then, cons and pros of Iranian export awards are explained and good solutions are found by comparing the mentioned countrie's export awards systems with Iranian export awards.