فهرست مطالب khosro parsaeimehr

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of N-carbamylglutamate administration on carcass and liver weights in adult male rats exposed to nicotine.

Forty adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten rats each. The treatment groups were as follows: 1- Control group, 2- Nicotine group (2 mg/kg/day), 3- N-carbamylglutamate group (500 mg/kg/day administered orally), and 4- Nicotine and N-carbamylglutamate group (2 mg/kg/day nicotine and 500 mg/kg/day N-carbamylglutamate). On the day of euthanasia, the animals were anesthetized with a combination of ketamine and xylazine, and their carcasses were dissected. Internal organs and liver tissue were weighed after separation. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS statistical software (version 1/9) in a completely randomized design.

The results demonstrated that N-carbamylglutamate administration increased the body weight of the rats at slaughter. Moreover, co-administration of nicotine and N-carbamylglutamate significantly impacted liver and kidney weights, leading to a decrease in liver weight. Additionally, the weights of both right and left kidneys were reduced in the nicotine and N-carbamylglutamate group compared to the control group.

Long-term nicotine consumption can induce structural alterations in the liver and kidneys. Also, administration of N-carbamylglutamate appears to mitigate the structural and functional changes in liver tissue caused by nicotine exposure in adult rats.

The presence of parasites in the digestive system causes various lesions that vary in severity depending on the type and number of parasites. These disorders include diarrhea, anorexia, weakness, weight loss, decrease in animal production, decrease in absorption of food, and in acute and super acute forms cause death. Considering the importance of the infection of sheep with various gastrointestinal parasites, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of raw garlic on the intestinal parasites of sheep.

This experiment was conducted for 2 months from the first of November to the end of December. For this project, 40 sheep with an average weight of 58.5 kg (Averaged) were used. Animals were divided into the control group, the positive control group (drug recipient), the group receiving 10 grams of garlic (per head), and the group receiving 20 grams of garlic (per head). For this research, in addition to counting the number of parasite eggs by flotation method, the Famacha test and hematocrit test were performed and for data analysis, CRD completely random design was used.

The results showed that the Famacha test of sheep receiving garlic decreased (P<0.05) However, the results of the hematocrit test of sheep were not significantly different from the control (P>0.05). Also, the addition of garlic to the diet of adult sheep decreased the number of Strongell, Marshalalgia, Nematodirus, Trichius, and the total number of parasite eggs per gram of feces (EPG), which was significant (P<0.05). In general, it can be said that adding 20 grams of garlic to the diet reduced the number of parasite eggs.

The results of the present research show that the amount of consumption of English eggs in sheep that are used with anti-parasitic drugs is very high. For this purpose, anti-parasitic drugs or medicinal plants that have anti-parasitic effects should be used. As found in this research, the use of high levels of raw garlic in the diet reduces digestive parasites and also increases blood mass.

The purpose of this project is to investigate the genetic resistance of Ghezel and Ghezel-Romanov lamb to gastrointestinal parasites in East Azerbaijan province. For this study, were used 10 male and female Ghezel lambs and 10 male and female Ghezel-Romanov lambs. The anti parasitic drug was administered on day of the test and then 2 weeks later. The studied traits included: Famacha test, hematocrit test, fecal score and number of nematode eggs per gram of feces. Data were analyzed using SAS software in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the Famacha test was significant in male and female Ghezel and Ghezel-Romanov mixed breeds (p<0.05). number of nematode eggs in male and female Ghezel-Romanov lambs had a significant decrease compared to Ghezel lambs (p<0.05). number of parasite eggs in Ghezel-Romanov lambs was lower than Ghezel breed, in which male Ghezel-Romanov lambs had the lowest number of parasite eggs (16.2) (p<0.05). Crossbreeding of Ghezel and Romanov increases the relative resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in terms of traits measured in this study.

The present research was performed to evaluate the effect of different levels of valine in low protein diets on performance, blood parameters and tibia bone properties of Ross-308 broiler chickens from 8-21 days.

For this purpose, a total of 200 one-day-old male broilers of Ross-308 strain from 8 to 21 days of age in 4 treatments and 5 replications with 10 birds per replication were used. The experimental treatments were adjusted based on nutritional Brazilian Tables (2011) and included: control, recommended level of valine in the diet with 2% diluted crud protein, 10% more than the recommended level of valine in the diet with 2% diluted crud protein and 20% higher than the recommended level of valine in the diet with 2% diluted crud protein. Further performance traits (weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio), biochemical blood parameters (triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxides, urea and uric acid) and bone characteristics (ash, calcium and phosphorus) were measured. Statistical analysis of data in the form of a completely randomized experimental design was analyzed of variance and mean comparison test with SAS software.

The results of the present study showed that the treatment containing 10% more than the recommended level of valine in the diet with 2% diluted crud protein increased the more weight (721.8 g/b) of chickens in growth period (p<0.05). Reduction of dietary crude protein, reduced feed intake (1013.8) during the growing period (p<0.05). Supplementation of 10% more than the recommended level of valine, increased blood superoxide dismutase density (164.8 U/gr Hb). Consumption of 20% more than the recommended level of valine increased blood glutathione peroxides density (172 U/gr Hb) (p<0.05). High dietary protein (control) increased blood urea and uric acid and also increased litter nitrogen (p<0.05). It seems that the addition of valine in low crude protein diets, improved performance and increased blood antioxidant capacity (p<0.05). The 20% more than the recommended level of valine in the diets, increased the calcium density (29.3%) in the bone tibia of broiler chickens (p<0.05).

In generally, according to the results obtained in this experiment, the addition of valine in low protein diets improved performance and increased blood antioxidant capacity and increased calcium and phosphorus absorption in bone.

The positive effect of probiotics on performance and health status of suckling calves has long been demonstrated. In this regards, in overall, 24 male and female calves with an average weight of 3 ± 50 kg and the age of about 3 ± 40 for the experimental period of 45 days was selected. Treatments include 1) control, 2) group receiving Lactobacillus casei stain, 3) the group receiving Lactobacillus acidophilus strain. The admixture of experimental treatments with physiological serum (carrier) was supplemented to the calves. The outputs showed that the supplementation of probiotics based lactobacilli strain had no significant effect on feed intake. Although, supplementation of lactobacilli strains increases the weight of the calves were in the entire period (p<0.05). Also, the results demonstrated that the treatments containing probiotics improve feed efficiency in a period of weaning as well as in the entire period of the experiment(p <0.05).The addition to, supplementation of probiotics in the diet of calves significantly increased blood glucose content and reduced blood urea nitrogen (p <0.05). Inversely, there is no significant effect on the amount of total protein, albumin, triglycerides and blood cholesterol was shown. Furthermore, observed results showed that the use of probiotic supplements can improve health indicators were numerically but not statistically. According to all outputs, we can conclude the supplementation of probiotics in the diet of calves improves performance and has a beneficial effect on blood parameters.

Methionine is the first limiting amino acid in poultry which has a primary role in stimulating protein synthesis and growth. This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary intake of different levels of DL-methionine on hatchability, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters of day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks. For this purpose, 240 fertile broiler breeder eggs were used in a completely randomized design with eight treatments and 30 eggs per treatment. The experimental treatments included injection of different levels of DL-methionine (0.19, 0.38, 0.57, 0.76, 0.95, and 1.14 %) dissolved in 1 ml sterile distilled water, along with a sham-control group (sterile water injection) and a control group (non- injected). After hatching, the chickens were weighed and blood samples were taken and slaughtered to measure carcass characteristics. In ovo injection of different levels of DL-methionine caused a reduction in hatchability (P<0.01), especially by 1.14 % DL-methionine treatment. Based on the results, in ovo injection of DL-methionine increased carcass weight, carcass yield, thigh weight, relative thigh weight, proventriculus weight, liver weight, and relative liver weight (P<0.05). In ovo feeding of DL-methionine increased serum protein concentration (P<0.01), whilst decreased serum glucose and urea concentration (P<0.01). Hatchling weight, serum cholesterol and triglyceride oncentrations, and also immune system organs weight were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). The overall results of the present study indicated that regardless of low hatchability in methionine treatments, in ovo injection of 0.76% DL-methionine had the best growth response and then, is an advisable level of this experiment.

This study was performed to compare the effect of using 3 different estrus synchronization methods (Ovsynch, Co-Synch and Prostaglandin) on the conception rate of subfertile dairy cows. Fifty one subfertile Holstein dairy cows with parity ranging from 1 to 7 were enrolled in this study. Cows were allocated to three groups Ovsynch (n=10), Co-Synch (n=27) and Prostaglandin (n=14). Cows in the Ovsynch group underwent a standard Ovsynch protocol (GnRH analogue on Day 0, PGF2α analogue on Day 7 and GnRH analogue on Day 9), then they were artificially inseminated approximately 16 hours after the second GnRH treatment. The same procedure was done for cows in Co-Synch group, but artificial insemination took place immediately after the last injection. Cows in prostaglandin group underwent a PG protocol (PGF2α, on Day 0 and 12), and artificial insemination was done about 72 hours after the second PGF2α injection. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 60 days after insemination via rectal examination. By using logistic procedure of SAS 9.1 software, the effects of treatment, season, parity, animal, age and open days were analyzed. The analysis of variables related to animal and the measured effects on pregnancy proved that none of the evaluated parameters were significant. Hence, we cannot declare which of the estrus synchronization methods is suitable to increase pregnancy rate. Further studies with more replicates are required to choose the best method.

Two hundred and forty one-day-old male broilers (Ross-308) in 6 treatments with 4 replicates and 10 birds in each replicate were used in this experiment. Dietary treatments consisted of: 1)diet with 5% vegetable oil (T1), 2) diet with 5% vegetable oil 300mg/kg L-carnitine (T2), 3)diet with 5% animal fat (T3), 4)­­diet with 5% animal fat 300mg/kg L-carnitine (T4), 4)­diet whit mixed vegetable and animal fat (equal to 2.5%) (T5), 5)­ diet whit mixed vegetable and animal fat (equal to 2.5%) 300mg/kg L-carnitine (T6). The diets with L-carnitine showed a significant effect on body weight in grower and whole growth period (p0.05). Also adding L-carnitine had a significant effect on HI Newcastle titer on the 32nd day (p0.05).

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of prebiotic (A-MAX) which includes cell wall composition of Saccharomyces cervisiae yeast on digestibility and blood parameters in West Azarbaijan kids. Twenty kids with an average weight of 11.1 ± 1.8 kg and about five to six months of age. Were used in a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments (5 kids per treatment). Treatments included 1) no prebiotic (control), 2) 2gram, 3) 4gram and 4) 6 gram prebiotic /day per animal, which were fed with a basal diet. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ADF, NDF were not affected by treatments. Moreover blood metabolites including glucose, albumin, total protein, BHBA and BUN were not significantly different between groups. The results indicate that the addition of prebiotic (A-MAX) to the diet of kids had no significant effect on digestibility and blood biochemical parameters.