فهرست مطالب kia bozorgmehr

Natural hazards have become one of the main concerns of urban planners and managers in recent years due to their severity and short impact time on human communities. Therefore, in this research, resilience assessment was chosen as a suitable approach to show hazard risks can be reduced. As such, the purpose of this research was to investigate the level of urban resilience against natural hazards in Sanandaj, a city in west of Iran. This research is descriptive and analytical, and the method used falls in the field and survey category. Quantitative data (with distance-relative scale) obtained in this way were analyzed in the form of five indicators (physical, institutional, natural, social, economic) and through the fuzzy AHP evaluation model. In order to draw the spatial difference of resilience indices, WASPAS technique was used. The results show that the institutional index has the first rank with a weight of 0.249. The next ranks are assigned to natural, physical, economic and social indicators respectively. Region 5 of the city is ranked first, Region 1 is ranked second, Region 4 is ranked third, Region 2 is ranked fourth, and Region 3 is ranked fifth.

The new cities that have emerged with the aim of increasing the facilities and improving the quality of life and attracting the overflow population of the provinces, have not been able to provide the population they need and the people have not welcomed it because they have been unable to meet the needs of the residents. Therefore, it has become a place of dormitories and its urban spaces are empty of people during the day. Interactions, social trust in new cities are at low levels and its urban spaces are boring and monotonous. In general, it can be said that these spaces have not been able to meet the psychological and physical needs of the citizens. The purpose of this research is to explain the criteria of happy city in urban planning in Salmanshahr city in Mazandaran province. With the proper design of urban spaces, in addition to improving the quality of urban life, we can improve positive emotions in the environment and reduce negative emotions, thereby improving the interaction between the person and the place. For this purpose, in this research, the effectiveness of urban design dimensions (functional, visual, shape, etc.) in improving the positive emotions and satisfaction of citizens is investigated, and solutions are presented to improve people's happiness in Salmanshahr city.

The current research is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies and field investigations in the form of a questionnaire. According to the subject of the research, the statistical population of this research includes all citizens who live in Salmanshahr city, which according to the census of 2015, the population of Salmanshahr city was 9656 people. Survey method and questionnaire technique are used to collect information related to the case sample. Due to the large size of the statistical population, the Cochran sampling method is used to collect the data. The appropriate size for the statistical sample was estimated to be around 384 people according to the Cochran formula. Finally, for more certainty, 400 questionnaires will be completed and included in the analysis. The sample members will be selected randomly according to the size of the investigated sub-communities (Salmanshahr city) and after collecting the desired questionnaire, the data will be analyzed using LIZREL statistical software and Sperm's correlation coefficient test and Kruskal-Wallis test were analyzed.

According to the review of the theoretical history of the research as well as the study of the theoretical foundations, the most important environmental variables that can affect the happiness of citizens were identified. These variables are: visual beautification of the city, access and transportation, housing, life and vitality, sense of security, social interactions, territorialism and sense of belonging, green space and nature, environmental health, tourism spaces, play and sports spaces, income and employment. which are divided into five general dimensions, visual, physical, socio-cultural, environmental, urban and economic services and facilities. Before dealing with the relationship between happiness and these variables, we will first analyze the status of these variables in the entire statistical sample and the studied areas to determine which region is in favorable condition and which one is in unfavorable condition. The data shows the average points obtained from the questionnaire for each index in the statistical sample, which shows that the variables of accessibility and transportation, visual beautification of the city, access to play and sports spaces, and income in the entire statistical sample are not in a favorable situation, and the rest of the variables are average. Their score is higher than the theoretical average of the data and they are in a relatively favorable situation. According to the results, among the urban areas, in areas five and one, all dimensions are at an average level and close to the theoretical mean (3). In area four, all dimensions except the visual-physical dimension are at an average level. In area three, Socio-cultural and economic dimensions are at a suitable level and in region two, only the score of the socio-cultural dimension is higher than the theoretical average. In the entire statistical sample, the visual and physical dimension and the dimension of urban services and facilities are not in a favorable situation with a score lower than the theoretical average.

According to the results of the Sperman correlation coefficient test, all research variables are related to the dependent variable of the research with a significance level of less than 0.05, and according to the value of the correlation coefficients, this relationship is positive. Among the research variables, employment, income, visual beautification of the city, access to green spaces, access to play spaces and tourism have the most relationship as dependent variables. And likewise, according to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis’s test, the investigated indicators have significant differences among the five areas of Salmanshahr city (p < 0.05). According to the results of this section, in terms of the selected indicators of Shad Shahr, the level of research indicators in different areas is not the same, which is similar to the results of the research of Akbari and Eltiam Nia (2021), Atashbar and Ilanlu (2021), Okulicz-Kozaryn (2017) is consistent.

The city of Sari, as one of the most populated cities in Iran, is facing the increasing growth of urbanization, which has led to many transformations in this city. The aim of the current research is the comparative analysis of the effects of vegetation on increasing thermal energy and increasing temperature in Sari city. Considering that the current research has done a comparative analysis of the effects of vegetation on increasing thermal energy and increasing temperature in Sari city in three time periods from 1378 to 1398, it can be said that the community studied in this research was the local situation (temperature and vegetation cover) of Sari city. Is. Also, the data of the current research in the field of air pollutants includes Landsat and Sentinel data. The data analysis of the current research is based on the processing of Landsat and Sentinel satellite data and using ArcGIS and Terrset software. The results of the present research showed that in the above three periods, the temperature of the earth's surface has increased in parallel with the reduction of vegetation in Sari city, and in 1378, with the lowest degrees Celsius from 19 to 32, it reached 23 to 41 degrees Celsius in 1398. And with the reduction of the amount of vegetation based on the constructions and the physical expansion of the city, the temperature has increased significantly. The results of the calculation of the correlation between the surface heat of Sari city areas show that there is a spatial correlation (point to point) of 0.47 between the surface heat energy of Sari city areas in 1378 and 1398, which means that 0.053 of the area of Sari city during The temperature pattern has changed in the last two decades.

Cities are more prone to human activity than any other place. A key function in smart growth of cities considering population growth and lack of infrastructure and land availability is to take care of physical expansion in order to respond to current needs and predict future needs of cities.

This article is descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology and practical in terms of targeting. In the preparation of smart growth indicators, theoretical data has been prepared with documentary method and experimental data with survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population of 20 academic and research experts and specialists in the urban area has been selected by purposeful sampling. In processing the data MICMAC software was employed for structural mutual effects analysis.Geographical area of researchThe geographical realm of the study was the city of Sari. Results and discussion Fifty initial stimulators were classified into five smart growth dimensions (economic, social-cultural, bodily-spatial, environmental and access) and analyzed by using MICMAC.

showed a matrix filling of 96.88% which indicates the strong effect of the selected factors on one another and that the whole system is in unstable condition so that most of the stimulators lie within bi-dimensional stimulators.

Twelve key stimulators: Planning policies for increasing density, revising of urban plans and making them more flexible, expansion of local management units, appropriate distribution of equipment and amenities, persuading citizens and stakeholders to take part in planning and decision making, development of neighborhoods with various functions, creating dense neighboring units, equal distribution of financial sources and loads, integrated mapping of regions, emphasizing adjacency of compatible uses, fair distribution of services in neighborhoods and using abandoned urban lands and lots. These make seven bodily-spatial, two social-cultural, two access stimulators and one effective stimulator that affects the future status of Sari.

With the passage of time and lack of proper attention and maintenance, the old and worn-out fabric of the country's cities has suffered physical and functional wear and tear. Like these cities, Rasht has an old texture. This city is facing problems such as uneven road network width, severe wear and tear of residential buildings, small and very small parts. In this regard, the aim of the present research is to investigate the role of public participation in the renovation of the dilapidated fabric of Rasht city. It is a descriptive-analytical research method that uses documentary-library and field methods to collect information. The data collection tools of this research are questionnaires, interviews, observations, and field studies. The results obtained from the research showed that the examination of the value of usefulness (s) and the value of dissatisfaction (R) in the research indicators for area 2 of Rasht city (with the value of usefulness 0.389) shows that this area having the lowest The distance from the ideal point and with a value of 0.177, the lowest amount of regret (dissatisfaction) compared to other regions in the field of public participation, has assigned a high rank to improve the indicators of public participation in the direction of renovating worn-out structures.

As the most complex manufactured structures, cities face excessive population growth. Their expansion has intensified on high-risk sites, and the available evidence also indicates the continuous increase of all types of natural crises in terms of intensity and frequency. Scientific and experimental findings show that the best way to deal with danger is to promote the resilience of settlements in different dimensions (social, economic-livelihood, physical-spatial and institutional); in other words, resilience in both human and environmental dimensions comprehensively. It decreases and increases. This research has evaluated and analyzed the components of resilience in Sari. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and field in nature. The statistical population in this research includes citizens living in the four districts of Sari, and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 383 people, who were selected from among the statistical population by stratified sampling. The questionnaire is the method of collecting library and field information and its most important tool. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling) were used by SPSS and Smart PLS software, and entropy and SAW models were exerted. The research results indicate that the situation of the four regions of Sari regarding social components has better conditions than other dimensions of resilience. In terms of institutional components, they have a vulnerable state. According to the entropy model, among the components of resilience, the institutional dimension has the most weight, and the economic dimension has the least weight. Moreover, according to the SAV model, Region 1 ranks first, and Region 3 of Sari ranks last in having the components of resilience dimensions.

The expansion of Urbanization and the rapid growth of metropolises, followed by modernist ideologies and fragmentation, have led cities to lose their liveliness and vitality. In the field of urban planning, creating a space that reinforces positive emotions and minimizes the expression of negative emotions is essential. Accordingly, one of the fundamental responsibilities of social and public institutions such as municipalities and city councils, and the urban management system as a whole, is to strive for the creation of a joyful space for citizens. This research aimed to articulate the criteria for a joyful city in urban planning within Salmānshahr. The data collection method was conducted through questionnaires, with a sample size of 400 respondents. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software, employing both descriptive and inferential analyses. For prioritizing areas, the Topsis multi-criteria decision-making model was used, and for determining the weight of indices, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, along with Expert Choice software, was utilized. According to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test, the studied indices showed significant differences among the five districts of Salmānshahr. Based on the ranks obtained by the Topsis model, District 5 with a score of 0/8344 holds the highest rank compared to other city districts. Districts 1 and 4, with scores of 0/7426 and 0/6352, respectively, rank second and third, while District 3 with a score of 0/3021 holds the fourth rank. Finally, District 2 with a score of 0/0771 is ranked fifth.

Today, the tourism industry is not only a leisure activity, but also one of the most important business sectors in the global economy. Electronic tourism and its applications have expanded in recent years, and especially with the spread of the coronavirus, it has been more and more noticed. E-tourism is the digitization of all processes in the tourism industry, which enables organizations to improve their efficiency, so it is necessary to pay special attention to the application and impact of e-tourism. This research was conducted to identify the mental patterns of e-tourism establishment in the coastal cities of Mazandaran province. The current research is of mixed-exploratory type, which was carried out using Q methodology. This research has been done with the participation of ten professors who are familiar with the subject of research and also tourism experts. The discourse space of the current research was collected from various sources and after evaluating and summarizing the discourse space, 32 expressions were selected as samples. In the following, after collecting the information obtained from Q sorting, this information was analyzed with the Q factor analysis method. Distribution analysis showed that three distinct mental patterns could be identified among the research participants, which explained about 68% of the total variance. These three mental models were named according to organization strategy, value creation for tourists and development of the tourism service market. Thus, the results of the research showed that: moving towards the sustainable development of the tourism industry with the establishment of e-tourism to increase the share of tourism in the coastal cities of Mazandaran province requires the formulation of scientific strategies and the creation and recognition of the common values of the company and customers, which creates value, and also through The development of tourism services market ultimately leads to more satisfaction among tourists.

Lahijan city with its sphere of influence and surrounding area and the existence of historical attractions (such as the tomb of Sheikh Zahed Gilani, the tomb of Mir Shamsuddin, the tomb of Kashif al-Saltanah and the Museum of Tea History, Lahijan brick bridge, Golshan Lahijan bath), cultural (such as Chahar Kings Mosque , Akbarieh Mosque, Lahijan Grand Mosque), natural (Satan Mountain and Waterfall, Sustan Wetland, Amir Kalayeh Wetland) is one of the tourist centers of Gilan province. However, due to the lack of natural, historical and cultural landscapes of this city, it has many problems for development and prosperity. In this regard, the present study tries to examine the factors affecting the development of tourism in Lahijan from the perspective of tourists with a descriptive-analytical method. The method of data collection and information was a questionnaire and library documents. The sample size of the population of 100 tourists in Lahijan is randomly selected. Vickor model was used to analyze the data. The results obtained from the analysis of the amount of vicor obtained for each of the tourist areas in the city of Lahijan show, since the lowest value of Qj for the area of ​​natural parks in the city is (0.00) so the lowest amount It will have an impact on the tourism industry of this city. Meanwhile, the recreational villages on the outskirts of the city with a value of Qj (equal to 1.00) have created the best situation for the development of tourism in the city.Keywords: Tourism, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Tourism, Lahijan.

Introduction :

Cities are rapidly undergoing change and transformation, among which we can mention the presence and activity in the virtual space (the second space), parallel to the physical and real space (the first space) of the city. Cities in which activities are being widely carried out in another space (virtual space or the second space). The use of new technologies in the virtual city in urban spaces is increasing day by day. Although most of these technologies have been accepted and praised as a sign of progress in life and a way to make life easier in cities, some people claim that they may witness disruptive changes in life in cities and the city as well. At the same time, not making two spaces in the city, especially cities like Tehran, which has environmental bottlenecks and heavy car traffic, population, and cultural dispersion, causes much damage and lost opportunities. However, there are some disadvantages to joining these spaces that need to be taken into consideration. In this regard, in addition to the fact that it is necessary to develop comprehensive passive defense components and indicators, to prevent the destruction or damage of uses in the physical space and body of the city, a significant part of the activities and flow of social and individual issues and even the relationship between the government and the people (citizens) will be pushed into the second urban space. So, it is necessary to pay attention to the security of this space through passive defense, because of the fact that the city of Tehran, as the driver of the country’s urbanization and the largest center and human settlement, is moving in the direction of intelligentization at a high speed. Therefore, this research seeks to promote the idea that passive defense for the second space or virtual space of this city will also be as important as a passive defense to defend physical space. Therefore, the current research tries to extract and present the key components of passive defense in accordance with the two-space threats of Tehran metropolis and seeks to determine the passive defense components for Tehran metropolis and urban planners and decision-makers. Help to improve security and protect the second space of citizens’ lives in Tehran’s metropolis against various threats by applying the research results in urban development documents, plans, and programs. According to the research problem, the following question is raised; What are the most important key components of passive defense according to two-space threats of the Tehran metropolis?

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical society of the research consists of knowledgeable people, experts, and specialists in the field of passive defense. According to the type of research, the sampling method is based on the purposeful sampling method, and 15 people were determined as the sample size (the statistical population is experts, which include people who are related to having done research on the subject or have worked in jobs related to the subject). Excel software was used to summarize and reduce the data. Also, MICMAC software, which is a structural analysis software, was used to analyze the data and extract the required outputs.

The current research sought to compile the key components of passive defense in accordance with the two-space threats of the Tehran metropolis. Based on the results of the first part of the research findings, between the components of passive defense in accordance with the threats of cyberspace and the second components of Tehran metropolis: cyber security and resilience (var6) (the level of security and resilience of the information element) preventing the theft and exploitation of data and information by the enemy); security of information-based processes (resistance against destruction and manipulation), security of information systems (var7) (system security) information systems (security against data and information destruction); security of information systems (proofing and security against software damage); security of information systems (security and safety) protection against hardware damage); security of computer networks (resistance and protection against software damage); security of computer networks (protection and security) protection against hardware damage; protection for the continuation of virtual space services and prevention of disruption to public order), protection of arteries and virtual infrastructures (var9), leveling and protection of facilities and remote communication infrastructures; leveling and insulation of telecommunication arteries, Support systems (var11) (establishment of support systems and parallelization of computer support systems), blinding enemy information systems (var5) (hiding vital activities and flows and virtual sensitive) in connection with the general and deepening dimension and soft/psychological resilience (var10) (combating the distortion of realities and governance relations in virtual space; Dealing with the division of the people (ethnically) and the gap between the people and the government in the virtual space; Dealing with provocative and riotous factors in the virtual space) related to the political dimension and optimizing and strengthening the media space (var3) (strengthening audio and visual media (radio and television); strengthening the press and electronic media (publications, books, and electronic newspapers); optimization and strengthening of virtual networks and channels) related to the social and cultural dimension, were selected as key factors in the virtual space and the second dimension.

According to the results obtained from the research findings, it is concluded that the number of key factors in the real space is more and the number of influential factors is less, and this indicates that the physical and real space is more flexible and controllable compared to the virtual space is the second because the virtual space has higher influencing factors than the real space which cannot be controlled or it is very difficult to control them and it requires all-around management to divide Tehran metropolis as much as possible.

Flood is one of the important natural disasters that causes a lot of financial and human losses every year, and in order to reduce its losses and casualties, it has always been the attention of managers and planners. The purpose of this research is to prepare a flood risk zoning map in Nowshahr city. In this study, in order to achieve the goal of the research, first by studying and investigating the theoretical foundations of the subject, the effective factors in the occurrence of floods, including height, slope direction, slope, waterway density, distance From the river, soil, land use, geology, slope curvature, land type and precipitation were identified. Then, the maps of each of the mentioned criteria were prepared in Arc GIS 10.5. After preparing the layers of the effective factors in the occurrence of floods, using the opinion of 25 experts in this field, the layers and sub-criteria were weighted using the fuzzy hierarchical method. And in the last step, the obtained weight of each factor was applied to each of the layers in the ARC/MAP software environment, and the zoning map of flood risk was prepared using the fuzzy logic of the 0.9 gamma operator. According to the results of Vozandhi, the factors of rainfall, distance from the river, slope and land use are the most important factors of flood in the region. The zoning map shows the risk of flooding in Nowshahr city.

District 22 of Tehran has always faced the challenge of land and housing policy in recent years, especially with the increase in population and the expansion of residential towers and its consequences. Attention to the factors contributing to the failure of these policies has always been considered important. This study was descriptive-analytical and the statistical population included municipality experts and managers in district 22 of Tehran. For this purpose, non-random sampling methods were used and 38 individuals participated in this study. To prioritize the items and indices, the Likert scale was used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. The results showed that the rate of complications for issuing a building permit, with a mean of 3.84 was the most important policy of government intervention in urban management. Also, according to the respondents, confusion about the decision and the lack of specific procedures following changes in urban land and housing policies as well as the recent fluctuations in land and housing prices, with a mean score of 4.21 were the most important factors influencing the non-efficiency of land and housing policies in district 22.

The speed of changes of geographical spaces is so high that human strength and power cannot predict it. In order to prepare for environmental changes, future studies have replaced traditional forecasting and planning techniques. Scenario planning is a technique that presents different futures by considering environmental uncertainties. This research tried to formulate future development scenarios of Mazandaran province using the scenario writing approach. Delphi method and opinions of the province's experts were used to identify the driving forces of the province's development and possible uncertainties ahead. Primary variables were defined in the framework of the cross-effect matrix in the MikMak prospective software. According to the high score of direct and indirect influences, 18 main key factors influence the future regional development of Mazandaran province. These factors were discussed in this research as the main basis for depicting possible situations and regional development scenarios of Mazandaran province. Scenario Wizard software was used to formulate the scenarios. The results showed that a total of 68 different situations were designed for 18 key factors, which included a range of favorable to unfavorable conditions. The number of situations for each factor varied between 3 and 4 depending on the complexity of the province's conditions. Totally 11 scenarios were divided into 3 groups according to their degree of desirability. Each group contains several scenarios with almost common characteristics and little difference in one or more situations among 18 key factors.

Today, one of the most important issues that should be considered when designing and planning cities to ensure the safety and security of citizens and reduce the crisis in cities, is to consider the principles of passive defense to reduce the destructive effects of crises. Passive defense is a suitable platform for security and sustainable development of the country and one of the most effective and sustainable defense methods for arranging infrastructures. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to identify a set of effective barriers for adopting the passive defense principles in arrangement of infrastructure facilities of urban peripheral areas in Chabahar.

The present research is an applied study in terms of purpose, and in terms of method uses ground theory method, which is both qualitative and quantitative. In order to analyze the information, the grounded theory method and FARAS model were used. The study used a purposive method to the point of theatrical saturation. A total of 20 in-depth interviews were conducted.

From the results of interviews with experts 63 concepts, 20 semantic units and 10 categories(Lack of policy and decision-making, lack of design and planning, lack of specialized and efficient manpower, lack of monitoring of passive defense principles when locating, financial weakness of organizations, lack of integrated and decentralized management, lack of use of new science and technology for defense such as GIS, insufficient training, lack of knowledge of passive defense topics, lack of documentation, lack of passive defense considerations) were extracted. Finally, the results of FARAS model showed that the category (lack of adequate training with a weight of (0.479), have the highest importance from the perspective of experts.

All development programs will be still undesirable and problematic unless these obstacles are removed for the passive defense principles. The principles of passive defense need to go further than just theories to get practical output in this urban peripheral area.

Cities are a complex and alive system of integrated economic, social, and physical identities in which economic, social, cultural, and physical components play a role. Sustainable development, which is one of the main goals of the policies and activities of the United Nations and is a constant discussion of developed and developing countries, has been mentioned as a process, the need for improvement and progress in various fields. The goal of sustainable development is very broad and its achievement takes place in the shadow of planning. Planning should be a two-way planning because at the macro level, the policies of national governments, even global policies, and at the micro level, education and public participation are very effective in achieving sustainable development and advancing its goals. The issue of urban laws and regulations is one of the most important issues of urban planning and urban planning and it is the basis for the balanced growth of cities and the implementation of a comprehensive plan and detailed plans and criteria set out in the plans. In fact, by applying the rules and methods, control and monitoring the separation of land and buildings, and authorizing the relevant authorities in urban planning to review and amend the proposed separation plans by landowners before registration measures at least 60% of correction comments can be implemented in comprehensive and detailed plans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of urban planning laws and regulations on sustainable urban development (Case study of Babolsar city). The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of data collection was designed as a document and field through a questionnaire in the form of Likert scale and research questions were evaluated by SPSS software. The results show that according to the average of items and the use of one-sample t-test, the opinions of experts and citizens in all indicators and items explaining the level of significance is higher than 0.05. This means that the effects of urban planning laws and regulations on sustainable urban development on the level of sample households are below average. The use of TOPSIS method for ranking Babolsar neighborhoods based on the effects of urban planning laws and regulations on sustainable urban development in terms of the weights calculated in each index showed that Javaheri neighborhood with a value of (0.9101) ci with 1 rank of the highest status and neighborhood Katie Bin with the value of (0.3008) ci with the rank of 20 had the lowest position.

Cities have always been a place to ensure human security against human and natural disasters and dangers. But widespread urban sprawl in recent decades and the relentless concentration of population in urban centers have made cities a dangerous environment. Therefore, the discussion of ensuring the security of citizens and defending all urban facilities in a smart and planned way, has opened the way for the concept of passive urban defense. The purpose of this study is a set of passive defense strategies tailored to the structures (geographical, economic, and social) in urban regions (Case study: Chabahar city). The present research is a developmental research based on the purpose, in terms of nature, quantitative method and in terms of survey type and descriptive-analytical method. Expert choice software and SWOT model were used to analyze the data. The results of the SWOT model showed that macro strategies based on the usual rule, considering that the average total score of threats and weaknesses is higher than the average total score of opportunities and strengths (WT<SO), the macro strategy will be a review strategy. The results of the research indicate that in the current situation, the city of Chabahar does not have a comprehensive defense plan to ensure the security of the city and its citizens in critical situations and the occurrence of possible attacks by the enemy. Therefore, planners, city managers and urban designers should have a solution for passive defense planning.

The importance of sustainable environmental development in the process of urban development and the optimal and correct use of physical capacity in different urban areas, especially in neighborhoods to achieve urban management is very important. Therefore, in order to evaluate the efficiency of network analysis process (ANP) and fuzzy Delphi method in feasibility and explaining the physical capacity of sustainable urban environmental development, this research was conducted in Mazandaran province, Sari city. Also, after extracting the effective factors in feasibility and explaining the physical capacity of sustainable urban environmental development from studies in this field, it was screened and approved by experts using the fuzzy Delphi method. Then, using the exploratory factor analysis method in the form of indicators and sub-indices, classification and screening was performed and then the created model was approved using factor analysis. In this study, the opinions of 146 experts and specialists in this field were used in the process of exploratory factor analysis. Then, using the network analysis process method and with the focus on the opinion of experts, the indicators and sub-indices were weighed and using the DEMATEL technique, the effect and influence of factors on each other as well as the relationships between them were calculated. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship and positive correlation between the sustainability of urban neighborhoods and the quality of urban environment and a significant relationship and negative correlation between the sustainability of urban neighborhoods and the age of neighborhoods in the process of urban development.

Futurology in regional development and planning emphasizes finding key factors, driving forces, and lack of certainties of regional development in the planning space so that the urban and regional planners can use them as controllers, mapping, and managing the desired future. The aim was to identify the indicators of the impact on the feasibility of the development of Mazandaran province and to identify the key planning variables of the province. This research was applied in terms of purpose, and it was a combination of documentary and survey. In terms of nature, it was analytical and exploratory based on new futurology science, which has been done using a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative models. Due to the nature of this research, MIC MAC and Delphi structural analysis have been used. In this regard, after holding initial discussion sessions with fifteen active executive managers of the province, faculty members and planning experts at various levels with expertise in economics, social planning, sociology of economics and development, urban and regional planning, environment, industrial and commercial management as research population, 39 primary variables were identified in the form of six indicators of economic, social, infrastructure, residential, environmental and extensions. Then, the primary variables were defined in the context of the cross-impact matrix in the futurism software. What can be understood from the status of the variable scattering plane is the system's instability that most of the variables are scattered around the diagonal axis. Finally, due to the high direct and indirect impact score, 18 key factors affect the future of regional development in Mazandaran province. Among these factors, participation is the most influential key factor in the region's development. The activity structure, employment, economy, and migration are in the following ranks, respectively.

The aim of this study was to investigate the unbalanced urban growth using quantitative models. The quantitative indicators used in this study included relative entropy, Morans index, Gini coefficient, Holdern model and Vertical-to-Horizontal Growth (VHG) index. The current research method was comparative analytical and applied-developmental. In this study, scattered urban using various quantitative criteria such as Shannon entropy, Gini coefficient, Moran index, Holdern model and VHG index were examined. The entropy of the population in 2018 was 0.96 and compared to 2011 has increased and is closer to one. Therefore, the entropy of 2018 compared to 2011 showed a greater dispersion of the population in 2018. The Moran coefficient in the two time periods of 2012 and 2019 indicates the cluster aggregation pattern. Considering the total calculated coefficients, it can be said that District 22 of Tehran has a scattered pattern and its scattering pattern is not a complete unipolarity. The density in region 1 is higher than in other regions, and in other regions (2, 3, and 4) the scattering pattern is more prevalent. According to the results of the Holdern model, in the study area, urban growth was more related to population growth except for District 4. The results of VHG index showed the dominance of vertical growth in the study area. In order to effectively control urban sprawl, an integrated plan for urban land use and intensive development strategies should be developed.

In the present age, which is characterized by the characteristics of uncertainty, innovation and complexity of issues, the traditional planning system faces various challenges. One of the weaknesses of the common regional planning system is the lack of identification, analysis and application of key factors in regional development. The current problems have arisen from the lack of knowledge of the future, which is now called "the present”. Man has always been fascinated by discovering the future and deciphering it based on inner tension. The questions are, "How is the future predictable?" And "Will the future be a continuation of the present and the past" has been a major intellectual challenge for planners and managers so far.. The future will be achieved, but now this issue is not easily possible (Sanai et al., 2016: 36). During this period, planners in accordance with the temporal and spatial conditions, have used different approaches to deal with future issues, which are mainly based on the analysis of past trends and the continuation of the current situation. The topic of the future and its long-term knowledge is of great importance in urban and regional planning. Lack of future intelligent knowledge of planning tools and how to use them in the planning process is affected The main purpose of this study is strategic analysis of regional development capacities of Mazandaran province based on the theoretical framework of regional development in economic, social, infrastructure and managerial dimensions, natural, settlement structure and links.

  In this regard, first by measuring the internal and external environment, a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in these six areas for the development of the province, then by surveying experts and specialists in Mazandaran province, weigh each It became one of them. Finally, by calculating and analyzing them, the priorities were determined.

A total of 240 strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were identified in the province, and finally 40 points were selected as the main factors of development in Mazandaran province. In the field of economics, activities with competitive advantage and high potential of handicraft sales and the existence of neighborhood opportunities and trade exchanges to create employment are the most important points of the province's development opportunity and intermediary institutions depend on imports from other regions and the province is bordered by the sea border They are considered as a threat to the province. In the social field, the desire for progress and educated manpower and the appropriate population composition are the most important strengths of the province's development and migration and low indicators of human development and evacuation of villages are the most important weaknesses of development. The existence of a spirit of solidarity and planning of development needs are the most important points of development opportunity of the province and the lack of expansion of social services and reduction of social interactions are the most important points of threat in the province. In the field of housing, according to experts, the reduction of the first urban phenomenon is the most important strength of the province and the unsuitable structure of villages and the lack of central location of many cities are the most important weaknesses of residential development and the possibility of forming separate functional areas in the province. Uninhabited villages are the most important threat to the development of the province.In the field of infrastructure and management, improving the quality of the province's roads in the east and west and equipping the network of roads within the region and local to achieve some economic and social goals, the most important strengths of the province and the weakness of telecommunications infrastructure and services and weakness of transmission and distribution networks Electricity and lack of commercial and customs facilities and services are the most important weaknesses of the province's development. Also, the existence of port cities as the hubs of trade, transportation and maritime transit is the most important point of development opportunity of the province and lack of proper infrastructure is the most important threat point of the province. The strength of the province's development and the occurrence of floods are the most important points of the province's development weakness and the review of surface water resources management is the most important point of opportunity and increase the consequences of natural disasters.

The objectives of this study are to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the province to determine strategies for development. The main issue of this research is that the contemporary world is an arena of dramatic changes and accelerating dynamics. The changes are so sudden and electrifying that the slightest negligence can come at the cost of a strategic surprise in all areas of politics, economics, society, and even culture. In this environment full of change and instability and full of uncertainties, the only approach and weakness that is likely to be more successful is to strive for the architecture of the future. Although this effort has always been fraught with risk, accepting this risk is far wiser than watching future developments. Hence, planners seek to identify development strategies and create the future with the aim of planning for it by basing the intellectual foundations of planning on the future research paradigm. Based on the obtained results, based on the importance of a set of effective internal and external factors, the first priority is with aggressive strategies, which indicates the existence of strengths, opportunities and development capabilities in this province.

In recent years, most risk-related research has shifted its paradigm from a loss-reduction model to a more inclusive local community model. Accordingly, the views and theories of disaster management and sustainable development seek to create resilient societies against natural hazards. Resilience is the degree of resistance of systems, their ability to tolerate change and disruption and the continuity of relationships between individuals and variables. This study, considering such a definition for resilience, evaluates the resilience of seven neighborhoods of Sari city (intersection of section eight - Salman Fars - Piroozi, Tabarestan, central city center - municipality near Babol Gate, Moallem, Besat Free Zone - Nehzat and Shahband and Barrier) has dealt with natural hazards. The basis of spatial analysis in this research is the divisions of neighborhood planning units (according to the comprehensive plan of the city). The sample population is equal to the statistical population (18 experts in municipal, housing and urban planning, natural resources, etc.). Seven indicators (building strength, land and urban infrastructure, open spaces, physical environment, uses, economic and social) were designed and the required data were obtained; finally, various indicators were weighted by experts to make environmental risk planning desirable. Evaluation of urban resilience and ranking of neighborhoods in Sari city has been done using WP and WASPAS evaluation models. The results show that out of seven neighborhoods in Sari, only one neighborhood (‌Chahar Rahbakhsh Hasht, Salman Farsi) is in very good condition and Tabarestan neighborhood is in good condition in terms of resilience. Also, according to the results of both models, the northern regions are in a very good and good condition in terms of resilience, while the southern and central regions are in a very weak and alert state.

Chalus is one of the most important cities in the north of Iran because of its large population and on the one hand because of its extravagant and touristy activities, it receives many trips daily. This has greatly increased the level of traffic in its passageways. Therefore, parking is one of the most essential transport infrastructure in the area. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the effective factors in mechanized parking in Chalus city. Reviewing the research literature and expert opinion 11 criteria including attitude and attitude of officials, private sector investment, ease of transportation, production capacity, cost of investment, cooperation with attractive travel centers, profitability, demand, people after sales services, the use of technology, technology and product quality were identified as effective criteria in the development of mechanized parking. Using the experts' opinions, the relationships of influence and interaction of the elements are obtained as numerical scores, then the criteria are prioritized using the ANPF method. The results show that investment cost criteria, responsible attitude, private sector investment, profit, demand, use of technology and technology, product quality, fuels capacity, convenience of transportation, cooperation with travel attraction center and post-production services. The first to eleventh ranks are in the development of mechanized parking lots.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social participationfactors of citizens and tourists on environmental protection in coastal cities (case studyof Mahmood Abad). The research was conducted in terms of development-practicaland mixed method. The statistical population of the study consisted of facultymembers in the fields of environment, watershed management, agriculture, geography,tourism, Mahmoud Abad universities, managers of public organizations and privatecompanies, employers and contractors. Data collection tools continued in the first partof the semi-structured in-person interview until reaching the theoretical saturationstage. Interviews with 29 individuals (23 males and 6 females) were identified in 4Dand 21 items. The second part of the questionnaire was administered to Delphi group members (n = 8) in two stages for designing the questionnaire. In the quantitative part,a researcher- made questionnaire was distributed online among the statistical sample (n= 85) on a five-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of behavior (0.769), knowledge and attitude (0.755), religious beliefs (914), and socialization (0.001) were obtained. Β = 0 and significant coefficient t = 13691, meaningful relationship and firstof all standard coefficient between (factors of knowledge and attitude on socialparticipation) β = 0.0302; significant coefficient t = 13.148 In the second rank, thestandard coefficient between (factors of behavior and social participation) β = 0.325;the coefficient of significance t = 12.364 This significant relationship; in the third rankand also the coefficient of standard deviation (factors of religious beliefs on socialparticipation) 316 /. Significant Relationship Coefficient t = 11.964 and ranked third.

In this research, strategies for urban tourism development of district 22 of Tehran were investigated using SWOT analysis. The statistical population of this study included the citizens of the district 22 of Tehran, expert and officials in the municipality and tourists. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was 385 citizens of districts 22, 385 tourists and 45 experts and managers. After designing the questionnaire in Likert scale and validation using expert’s opinion, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the level of reliability that is achieved 0.73 and indicated appropriate reliability of the questionnaire. Therefore, a total of 815 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. SWOT model was used to analyze the data and determine the most important strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. According to the results, Iran National Botanical Garden and Chitgar Forest Park with attractive natural landscapes, indiscriminate construction of residential towers and inappropriate land use change in the proximity places of natural attraction, facilitating and financially supporting inexpensive domestic trips, the weaknesses of information and lack of adequate publicity in introducing tourism attractions were the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of tourism development in the study area. Based on all citizens and experts opinions, conservative management strategy was proposed for tourism development Based on SWAT Analysis that it is planned based on increasing the incentive to invest in people and the private sector, tourism friendly uses of land, raising awareness of people and tourists and improving organizational structure and the use of local managers.