kiani farzad

Bildung in Fichte's philosophy is related to his general ideas in practical philosophy, especially with his interpretation of the importance of social unity to shape the members of the society and the influence of moral rules in people's lives. Also, Fichte's cosmopolitan desire for human flourishing is influenced by his thoughts on cultivating a model nation. His thought direction is not in line with a racist point of view and in his thought he encourages people to form a single society with the component of humanity and freedom. In his early thought, Fichte seeks to form a collective Bildung through the issue of freedom in the position of interpersonal harmony, and in his late thought, with the help of freedom and a new definition of knowledge, he wants to cultivate a model nation that is be an objective example in front of other nations in order to create a cosmopolitan world. The method of this research is qualitative, and the description and analysis of the relationship between freedom and Bildung in Fichte's thought has been done with the documentary-analytical method, and the research data has been collected in a documentary way. The result of this research wants to show that Fichte, with his definition of human freedom and its relationship with Bildung, places the ultimate goal of man as absolute thought and free will, which is the creator of harmony between people.

According to Schlegel, truth must be absolute, and attainment of the absolute by philosophical categories is not possible in the way that was common among the philosophers of German idealism of the time. Schlegel defines consciousness as a historical consciousness that manifests itself in the heart of culture in different historical periods. This culture includes works of art, rituals and symbols of each period. Absolute is neither pure consciousness nor infinite nature, but there is a place between the two. Absolute for Schlegel is a harmony formed by a universal consciousness. Schlegel considers this harmony to be Bildung, which is in fact the basis of absoluteness. Everything that grows and emerges from the heart of the Absolute is in harmony and order. In Schlegel's philosophy, Bildung replaces philosophical categories and rules to create the absolute. To achieve a harmony like nature, man must benefit from an education. Schlegel's education is an artistic building that connects love, morality and mysticism within itself.