kimia taki

Reducing fossil fuel use and increasing reliance on renewable energy are essential for environmental protection and sustainable energy sources. This study examines a combined solar-wind-hydrogen system to supply energy for a dried fruit factory in Iran. We analyzed the system performance in Rasht, Shahrekord, and Bushehr using simulation tools to compare their renewable energy potentials. Shahrekord has the highest solar energy production per year at 1.221×10⁸ W but the lowest wind energy production at 1.441×10⁸ W. Bushehr derives 92% of its energy from wind, 7% from solar, and less than 1% from diesel engines, with wind energy production at 1.354×10⁹ W. Rasht, characterized by moderate solar and wind potential, offers a balanced distribution of renewable energy sources. The energy efficiency of the hybrid system, which includes an electrolyzer and an alkaline fuel cell, is 51.82%. The analysis of hydrogen production and consumption shows Bushehr's suitability for renewable energy, producing sufficient power with minimal diesel dependency. Integrating PV panels, electrolyzers, and fuel cells demonstrates promise as a combined heat and power (CHP) solution for remote areas, enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability for energy-intensive industries like dried fruit production.

Biodiesel is a bio-renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils and animal fats with less environmental pollution than fossil fuels. This research aims to design, fabricate, and evaluate a hydrodynamic reactor for biodiesel production. According to the fluid characteristic, the rotor and stator were designed and the electric engine was chosen. The cavities of the rotor were designed for optimal cavitation. The effect of reaction time and rotational speed were examined to assess the reactor. Speed rotor rotational speed of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors can intensify the transesterification reaction by increasing the occurrence of cavitation in the space between the rotor and the stator. Therefore, to investigate the effect of this variable on biodiesel production efficiency, three levels were selected (2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm). As the rotational speed of the hydrodynamic reactor increases, the cavitation operation increases, and as a result, the conversion percentage rises too. This experiment indicated that the rise of residence time from 30 s to 60 s increases methyl esters yield, but following the time up to 60 s, the methyl esters yield has no significant changes. The results showed that the biodiesel produced from waste oil in the hydrodynamic reactor could be a suitable alternative to diesel.