فهرست مطالب koorosh amini

Vernacular architecture is one of the most representative of each culture. The current study canonizes the architecture of a part of simple but magnificent Iranian architecture in the Zagros (Hawraman region) slopes. It has special attributes with a hidden identity in the field of rural structure and architecture, erected as a product of human, culture and nature intersection. The current study applies a descriptive-analytical research method based on library research and field studies. The findings of the study show that Hawraman architecture was formed in the light of its culture and in harmony with nature. The villages are located on narrowvalley hillsides with a high slope. The dominant typology of buildings are as double -story buildings standing against the mountain slopes. The village has centers equal to the number of neighborhoods, structurally. Settlements are built where lands had the least usability for the other means. The lack of dead ends alleys in the physical structure of residential areas results in the minimization of natural and human hazards. The integration of stone, soil, and wood, applicationof Dimak and Marôła for jointing the structure parts and preventing drift, use of thick stone walls to prevent heat exchange, canopy and rain collector around all walls are unique characteristics that have substantial difference with inwardly oriented buildings in central Iran. Understanding the accumulated experiences of such a style provides us a great knowledge ofthe construction of buildings by preserving its original texture and identity, keeping the organic structure of nature.

With the construction of a dam on the rivers, land use patterns have changed and livelihood of rural households has also evolved. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of dam construction on livelihoods of rural households in Dariyan dam area. To accomplish this, a researcher-made questionnaire was used.
Horaman area (Oraman) is between the two provinces of Kermanshah and Kurdistan and is one of the rural areas where human life has been combined for centuries with mountainous nature of the region. In this research, five main hypotheses were determined based on five sustainable livelihoods indicators. 374 households were studied from the hurms(oraman residents) of the affected areas for two periods before and after the construction of the Dariyandam.
The results of the research showed that construction of the dam influences livelihoods. In terms of households, livelihoods have fallen by building a Dariyan dam. So, before the construction of the dam, the average life insurance scores were higher than the time after the construction of the barracks. This means that according to respondents, the dam construction had a damaging effect.

Stress is a common and important psychological problem among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Stress can negatively affect the quality of life, treatment acceptance, and disease progress in patients. Participation of patient in self-care activities lead to more independence and patients adjustments with their illnesses. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a self-care educational program based on the Orem's model on stress in hemodialysis patients. This semi-experimental pretest-posttest study was conducted in the educational hospitals affiliated to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected among from patients undergoing hemodialysis through convenience method; and were allocated into two intervention and control groups using blocked randomization. After baseline measurement, the educational program was implemented in the intervention group for 30-minutes weekly sessions. Stress was measured before and one month after the intervention in both groups using the stress part of the DASS-42 questionnaire. The data were analyzed in the SPSS-19 using descriptive statistics, paired-t test, independent t-test, and chi-squared test. The mean age of the participants was 55.13±15.1 years. Most of the participants were male (63.3%), 76.0% were married; and 47.88% had not finished the high school. There was a significant decrease in the mean stress score after the intervention (P<0.001). There was also a significant difference in the mean of stress score between the two groups after the intervention (p=0.03). According to the positive effect of our educational program designed based on the Orem's self-care model, it seems that the program could be implemented to decrease stress in patients undergoing hemodialysis.