l. ahmadi

The carbonate- siliciclastic sediments of the Mobarak Formation (Lower Carboniferous) at the Kahang area with 222 m thick, is composed of thick-bedded shale and thin-bedded limestone in the lower part, thin-medium- bedded limestone in the middle part, thick-bedded shale intercalated with limestone in the upper part of sequence and thick, massive conglomerate at the uppermost of the section. Based on petrography, geometry, macrofossil contents and trace fossil evidences (in the fieldwork observations), as well as microfossil and textural characteristics (in the laboratory studies), determination of 15 carbonate and one siliciclastic facies was possible. These facies are deposited in six facies zones include tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and patch reef in the inner ramp, middle ramp, ramp slope and deep ramp. The massive conglomerate facies is deposited in an upper shoreface- onshore setting. Templates facies as slope break related turbidite facies (crinoid packstone), intercalated within deep ramp facies (spiculite mudstone) display this carbonate-siliciclastic sequence is deposited in a carbonate platform of distally steepened ramp. The lateral changes in the facies and thickness of the sedimentary successions of the Mobarak Fm. display a generally deepening trend from south-south western to the N-NE of the Alborz Basin during deposition of the Mobarak Fm. in lower Carboniferous.

In this study, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles, as nanoparticles that are the most widely used in industry, on the morphological, and anatomical and biochemical properties of the baby sun rose Aptenia cordifolia was studied by method of spraying in four different concentrations.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were sprayed on the baby sun rose plant twice a week. Growth parameters and chlorophyll content, phenol and flavonoids were measured. To study the anatomical structure of the plant; manual cutting, composite staining and Stomatal count were performed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software and the Duncan test.

Treatment of titanium dioxide nanoparticles significantly increased photosynthetic pigments of chlorophyll a and b in the treated plants. The highest amount of phenol and flavonoids in the fourth leaf was related to the plant treated with 0.05% titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Also, the treatment of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increased the vascular diameter in the root and decreased the vascular diameter in the stem of some treatments.

The different morphological, biochemical, and anatomical responses of the baby sun rose to indicate the plant's genetic potential for growth in an environment contaminated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Nowadays, due to increased water consumption and demands, optimum water allocation should be taken as a serious need. In this research, WEAP and Vensim softwares are used to plan and manage the water resources and demands in Nazloo River basin, located in West-Azarbaijan province. By use of these softwares, two models were prepared: One for supplying water demands of the region using river flows (without Nazloo dam) and the other one with the same condition but by considering the Nazloo dam operation effect. Water demands of the region were assessed up to 2016, river flow of the past 40 years was analyzed, and river discharge of 2013-2016 was estimated by ARIMA method. Results showed that average differences between the results of WEAP and Vensim softwares were 3.74% and 8.91% for the with-dam and no-dam options, respectively. The highest water deficiency was in water supply to agricultural demand in September, which with construction of the dam, the average supply in this month increases from 15.8% to 94% of the demand amount. To verify the obtained results of the unmet water demand in various years, the SPI index was used, which in 72.5% of the cases it was consistent with the results of the softwares. In general, without constructing the dam, water needs of industry and environment will be mainly supplied, but there would be some deficiencies in water supply for agriculture. For water supply, instead of constructing a dam with a storage capacity of 154 MCM, a dam with a capacity of 100 MCM will be enough.