فهرست مطالب leila mahmoudzadeh

Multiple studies on cancer showed that Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) inherently have different effects on various tumors. MSCs respond to multiple factors such as Caffeine, Estrogen, Morphine, curcumin, Metformin, and LPS due to the presence of different receptors. This study investigated the effects of caffeine, a popular drink, on the crosstalk between MSCs and 4T1 cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from mice's tibia and femur bones. These cells were cultured for 14 days and subsequently treated with o as the control group, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM doses of caffeine for 24 h. Then, cells were cultured without fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 h, and the conditioned medium(CM) was isolated. The 4T1 cells were cultured with CM for 24 h, MTT reduction, and Neutral red uptake assay. The cytotoxicity and the rate of apoptosis and necrosis were detected by Acridin orang and PI staining. The presence of 4T1 cancer cells was detected using the flow cytometry method.

The MSC treated with caffeine could have. The more cytotoxic effect on 4T1 cells compared to non-treated MSC was seen in a dose-dependent manner, such that in the group that received a 0.5 mM concentration of caffeine, the most significant impact was seen on cell line 4.1. This data showed that the CM of MSC, treated with caffeine, had a cytotoxic effect on 4T1 cells. Caffeine could suppress the growth rate of 4T1 cells. The ideal caffeine concentration is 0.5 mM.

The prevalence of ulcerative colitis, a condition characterized by inflammation in the intestinal wall, has been increasing. Dracocephalum moldavica has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Dracocephalum moldavica on ulcerative colitis in Wistar rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups for this study. Group 1(control) received only phosphate buffer saline, group 2 was exposed to acetic acid to develop ulcerative colitis, group 3 was the rats with ulcerative colitis treated with Dracocephalum moldavica extract at concentration of 30 mg/kg/day, and group 4 was the rats with ulcerative colitis treated by prednisolone at concentration of 4 mg/kg/day. After ten consecutive days, the rats were euthanized humanely, and their intestinal tissue was thoroughly examined to measure the levels of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress indices.Results and Treatment with Dracocephalum moldavica showed more advantage than treatment with prednisolone in restoring the overall antioxidant capacity of the colonic specimens in rats with induced colitis. Although malondialdehyde levels decreased, the total protein content of colonic homogenates increased in both treatment groups, albeit not significantly. Moreover, Dracocephalum moldavica extract showed a significant reduction in TNF-α, IL-6, and IFNɣ cytokines compared to prednisolone. The stories of myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide were significantly decreased in the colons of rats treated with Dracocephalum Moldavia, surpassing the effects observed in the prednisolone group. The findings of this study suggest that the use of Dracocephalum moldavica extract as an herbal remedy has excellent potential in alleviating inflammation in rat models of ulcerative colitis. The positive roles of Dracocephalum moldavica extract are attributed to its direct antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.

gallstone is a common and frequent disease of the digestive system. Bacterial infections may also contribute to the formation and symptoms of gallstones. One of the prominent bacteria in this field is Helicobacter pylori. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the gallbladder mucosa and its clinical symptoms in the patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis who underwent surgery.

In this cohort study, 60 patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic cholelithiasis in the fourth quarter of 2018 were included in the study. Patients were examined in terms of demographic characteristics and clinical symptoms including preoperative symptoms. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for histological examination, and Giemsa staining was performed for Helicobacter pylori examination. In the microscopic study, the stained slides were studied with a maximum magnification of 40 or 100 for the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori.

In this study, 13 people (21.7%) were male and 47 people (78.7%) were female. The average age of the patients was 47.61 ± 13.51 years. In 17 people (28.3%), the gallbladder mucosa was positive for Helicobacter pylori. The most common clinical symptoms in Helicobacter pylori positive patients were: epigastric pain in 70.6%, nausea and vomiting in 52.9%, loss of appetite in 23.5%, pain between the two shoulder blades in 23.5%, and fever in 11.8 percent. In this study, no significant relationship was found between the clinical symptoms of cholelithiasis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gallbladder mucosa. Also, no significant relationship was found between the presence of this bacteria in the gallbladder mucosa and the age and sex of the patients (P<0.05).

The results of this study showed that there is no significant relationship between the clinical symptoms of cholelithiasis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gallbladder mucosa in the studied groups. Also, there is no relationship between the presence of this bacteria in the gallbladder mucosa and the age and sex of the patients.

As a parasympathetic alkaloid and the main substance in cigarette smoke, nicotine modulates the immune system, inhibits innate and acquired immunity and is used in treating many autoimmune diseases. It often stimulates the α7 receptor and causes an anti-inflammatory state in the body. This study is designed to evaluate the role of nicotine treatment on immune system. The results showed that nicotine affects many cells in immune system, alters the downstream intracellular mechanisms and changes lymphocytes polarization. This substance alters TLRs and STATs gene expression and thus changes in the innate immune system. All these events inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which increase angiogenesis and metastasis and exacerbates tumors due to increasing survival and cell growth. Nicotine can aggravate tumors in cancer patients, with many positive effects observed in the treating autoimmune disease, Nicotine treatment function in different conditions depends on factors such as concentration, how it is employed, treatment duration and other conditions such as body conditions affecting the immune system, hence, further studies and review of all conditions are required.

Previous investigations have documented that nicotine-pulsed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can induce an anti-inflammatory phenotype in some immune cells in vitro. This study aimed to assess the effects of nicotine-pulsed MSCS in the function of immune cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes of mice receiving these cells.

Bone marrow-derived MSCs (1.5×106) were seeded in a T75flask and incubated with 0, .1, .5, or 1 µM nicotine until the cells reached 90% confluency. Afterwards, immunophenotyping change, vitality, concentration of TGF-β, IL-10, and IDO levels of the MSC-conditioned medium were examined. Correspondent to in vitro results, the C57BL/6 mice intravenously received 400 µL of the conditioned medium of MSCs (CM), conditioned medium of nicotine (.5 µM)-pulsed MSCs (CMN), or medium. After 12 h, the lymphocytes, neutrophils, and peritoneal macrophages of the mice were isolated and their function was evaluated ex vivo.

The least effective dose concentration of nicotine that led to an anti-inflammatory environment by the MSC-conditioned medium was 0.5 µM. Nicotine at this concentration prompted a higher level of TGF-β, IDO concentration in the conditioned medium. However, this concentration did not affect the MScs' markers expressions or MScs' vitality. T lymphocytes isolated from the mice receiving CMN showed a significant decrease in proliferation rate. The ratio of the IFN-γ gene expression to IL-4 gene expression in splenocytes was significantly reduced in the mice receiving CMN compared to the mice receiving CM. The neutral red uptake, respiratory burst, and nitric oxide production of the peritoneal macrophage only decreased in the mice treated with CMN. These factors also decreased in neutrophils isolated from mice receiving CM or CMN. However, these decreases were more prominent in the mice treated with CMN.

Treatment of MSCs by nicotine may be a promising strategy to enhance the immunomodulatory properties of these cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of saffron hydroalcoholic extract against tissue damages induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion. In this experimental study، 40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups; 1. sham group which underwent surgery with no vessel occlusion and passed equivalent reperfusion period، 2. Ischemia/reperfusion group which received solvent of extract and went through surgery، bilateral renal ischemia for 30 min and 24-h reperfusion period (I/R). The other three groups underwent ischemia/reperfusion receiving saffron extracts of 5، 10 or 20 mg/kg/ip، respectively. At the end of reperfusion period، the left kidney tissue was collected and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological studies. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests. Following ischemia/reperfusion، the size of Bowman''s space increased significantly (P<0. 001). In addition، cell necrosis in the tubules of the cortex and outer medulla، vascular congestion and tubular casts in the outer and inner medulla increased. However، the number of RBCs in glomerular capillaries decreased. Administration of saffron extract could significantly improve all the injuries by all three doses. Nevertheless، the effect of 20 mg dose was smaller. Intraperitoneal administration of saffron hydroalcoholic extract has protective effects against tissue damages induced by 30 min ischemia and 24-h reperfusion in the rat’s kidney.