فهرست مطالب leili moayed

Mortality rate in low‑birth‑weight infants is almost 30 times more than that in those with normal weight, so the birth of low‑birth‑weight infants is one of the most serious health problems in the world. Therefore, this nested case‑control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with low birth weight among infants in the rural population of Kerman province.

This nested case‑control study was performed in rural areas of Kerman province, southeastern Iran. Case ( n = 155) and control (n = 310) groups were selected using risk set sampling. Data were analyzed through Point and distance estimation (OR, CI) using conditional logistic regression method by Stata‑12 software.

The results of multivariate analysis showed that maternal BMI [OR = 0.3, CI 95% (0.1, 0.9)], gestational age [OR = 3.8, CI 95% (0.9, 6.1)], history of stillbirth [OR = 4.8, CI 95% (1.3, 11)], history of pregnancy bleeding [OR = 3.7, CI 95% (0.7, 9)], pregnancy craving [OR = 3, CI 95% (1.1, 3.8)], and the level of health workers’ care [OR = 0.4, CI 95% (0.1, 0.9)] are the risk factors affecting LBW in infants (P < 0.05).

Low birth weight is a multifactorial phenomenon. Therefore, raising public awareness, providing nutritional counseling to pregnant mothers, regular referral to health homes to receive health care, and identifying risk factors and referral to higher level specialists and health centers can be effective in reducing the risk of birth of LBW infants.

Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease that is still considered as a health problem in developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of anthrax using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.

This study is descriptive analytical study. Information on anthrax was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn.

The highest incidence of anthrax during 2010-2015 was observed in the provinces of Kurdistan, North Khorasan, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, respectively. The trend of the incidence of anthrax in Iran had increased from 2010 to 2013, while its incidence decreased in 2014. Based on the results of modeling in Iran, the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azarbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan, respectively, with 37.16%, 33.83%, 16.78%, and 10.49% of their area (km²) had the highest risk of anthrax disease in the country in the year 2021.

Since the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azerbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan are among the high-risk areas in the country in the coming years, the cooperation between the veterinary organization and the health care system and the vaccination of livestock in these areas can significantly help to control and prevent the disease.

Insufficient physical activity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, plays an important role in the spread of non-communicable diseases.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of insufficient physical activity and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) in the world.

This is an ecological study, and the study data, including the human development index and the incidence of insufficient physical activity, were extracted from the World Bank’s database. The descriptive analysis included mean and standard deviation. The inferential analysis consisted of two-way correlation and ANOVA at a significance level of less than 0.05. The analyses were performed using Stata-14 software.

The highest incidence of insufficient physical activity in both sexes (39.26 [37.42, 40.95]) was found in the Americas, especially in high-income regions. There was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of insufficient physical inactivity and HDI in the world (r = 0.446, P < 0.0001). This correlation was also significant in Asia and Africa (P < 0.05). The results showed a positive correlation between components of HDI (i.e., gross national income per 1000 capita, mean years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, and expected years of schooling) and insufficient activity (P < 0.0001). The results of ANOVA also exhibited a significant relationship between the mean prevalence of physical inactivity and the level of development (P < 0.0001).

Given the significant correlation between the incidence of insufficient physical inactivity and HDI, understanding this correlation and its components, especially in low- and middle-income countries can alleviate the impact of physical inactivity epidemics in the future, thereby contributing to the effective global prevention of non-communicable diseases.