فهرست مطالب leyla bayan

Brain injuries occur as a result of sudden and severe collision of head to hard object which can be mild, moderate, or severe. Epilepsy, persistent headaches, brain hemorrhage, infection, stroke, dementia, mental retardation, brain death, psychological and mood disorders as well as hormonal disorders are the consequences of brain injuries which sometimes remain persistent throughout the whole life. The leading causes of traumatic brain injury are car accidents, falls, physical violence, accidents during work, accidents inside the home, and sport accidents. The most important cause of head trauma in Iran is traffic accidents. Each year more than 700 thousand people injured in road accidents that most of them are suffering from head trauma. Each year several thousand people kill in road accident that imposes a large economic burden on the national healthcare system In Iran. The number of road accidents in Iran is about 20 times more than the global average norm. Each nineteen minutes, one person dies in a traffic accident. Given the high rate of mortalities due to the brain injuries, Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital affiliated with the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs has begun to have some preventive measures on the brain and spinal cord injuries. These activities include holding international congresses, publishing books and brochures as well as holding scientific workshops. The main purpose of holding international road safety congress is to present a plan to prevent the brain injuries which was fulfilled with the cooperation of different national and international organizations during the last five years.
Prevention of traffic accidents and improving public knowledge are the main missions for our program. Shefa Neuroscience Research Center is trying to gather responsible groups and organizations during annual international congresses. It is also aimed to decrease the number of accidents using the experiences of leading successful countries.

Neuromarketing is an interdisciplinary field that is rapidly emerging in the world of consumer cognition research. Furthermore, it is an innovative field of marketing research which challenges the classic marketing model to improve our understanding of the processes associated with purchasing behavior. Neuromarketing is investigating the manner that consumers make the decision to purchase. Based on the neuromarketing concept of decision processing, consumer buying decisions rely on bi-systemic approaches. System 1 is based on fast automatic operations in contrast, decisions driven by System 2 are deliberate, conscious reasoning, and slow. In cognition of the consumer behavior, these processes guide everyday purchasing decisions. Furthermore, neuromarketing is built on the top of at least three basic science fields, including neuroscience, behavioral economics, and social psychology. The aim of this review was to investigate the different aspects of neuroscience involved in neuromarketing. The signals from the human body and brain are important for understanding the origins and operations of neuromarketing measures. Body measures are contained the facial expressions, eye movements, eye blink, startle reflex, behavioral responses, electrodermal activity, heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation, and respiration. The human brain signals are captured by the blood oxygenation, positron emissions, electrical fields, and magnetic fields.
Understanding the basic functions of human brain is crucial in investigation of consumers’ purchasing behaviors.

Throughout history, many different cultures have recognized the potential use of garlic for prevention and treatment of different diseases. Recent studies support the effects of garlic and its extracts in a wide range of applications. These studies raised the possibility of revival of garlic therapeutic values in different diseases. Different compounds in garlic are thought to reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases, have anti-tumor and anti-microbial effects, and show benefit on high blood glucose concentration. However, the exact mechanism of all ingredients and their long-term effects are not fully understood. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of action of garlic as well as its efficacy and safety in treatment of various diseases.

Many studies concerning Persian history have been performed. Persian physicians and scientists greatly contributed to medical sciences by their own observations, experimentations and skills through more than seven thousand years of Persian history. In Persian medieval medicine, different fields were described. Among these fields, neurological disorders, especially headache and epilepsy were explained in details. Medieval Persian physicians described the treatment of headache using many substances with different modes of actions. They attributed the therapeutic actions of plants to a specific analgesic, sedative or prophylactic drug property of variable strength. They also defined the epilepsy as a manifestation which begins suddenly, although premonitory symptoms, such as weakness, epigastric pressure or pain, depression, tongue paresthesia, spreading extremities paresthesia, sudden shock, incoherent speech, nightmare and sandness may start before the attacks. Medieval Persian physicians accumulated all the existing information on medicine at that time and added to this knowledge their own observations with the introduction of many new remedies. Such information provides comprehensive data on clinical treatments based on centuries of experience in the field of headache and epilepsy, and thus might help the testing of the probable benefits of these remedies for the treatment of cephalagia and epilepsy.

In order to provide a forum to discuss and present the state of art and up-to-date neurosurgical treatments, operative techniques, clinical and technological advances, and making ground for research in the neuroscience field, the first Razavi International Neurosurgery Congress was held in Razavi Neuroscience Center in Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from July 11-13, 2012. Twenty-Five neurosurgeons from around the world (USA, Germany, England, Italy, Egypt, Switzerland, Syria, Bulgaria, Afghanistan, Brazil and Australia) participated in this congress, alongside many locals. The Sarah Jane Brain Foundation (located in New York, USA) was an official partner of this congress. Lectures presented spanned a wide spectrum of neurological diseases including: cerebrovascular, endovascular, peripheral nerve, trauma, intracranial tumors, pain and functional, pediatric neurosurgery and basic neuroscience. Over 100 lectures and poster presentations were shared in this congress. All with one purpose is to enhance the collaboration between clinical neurosurgeons and neuroscientists in Iran and their colleagues from around the world and provide the highest neurosurgical care and management to the Iranian people and surrounding region. More than 50 percent of the members of the audience in this Congress were younger than 30 years of age training of these young clinicians and scientists by well-known neurosurgeons raises hope for a brighter future for patients in this region.