فهرست مطالب lotfollah saedmocheshi

The purpose of this research is to study the concept, dimensions and instances of academic citizenship in Iranian higher education system. The research has used qualitative strategy and it has been done with interpretive phenomenological method.The research participants included 34professors and students (different sections) in the universities of Tehran, Allameh Tabatabai, Kurdistan, and Bu Ali Sina University, who were targeted (in a varietyof disciplines and specialties, as well as Different levels of education were selected in that sample).And the data collection process continued until theoretical saturation and data were collected using semi-structured interview tools. Data validation has been done using the triangulation method. The data were analyzed by thematic analysis using MAXQDA qualitative analysis software.The results of the study consisted of five descriptive categories: Academic Citizenship Skills (Social-behavioral; Scientific-Technical and Political-Participatory), Academic Citizenship Concept (Graduate Citizen; Scientist Citizen; Multicultural Academic Citizenship; Academic Citizenship as a Political category; Legal-rightful citizenship; Cultural citizenship and Academic citizenship based on supply and demand mechanisms), Dimensions and components of academic citizenship (Academic freedom; Professional and academic ethics; Implementation of active university role; Right to social participation and leadership; Transfer of scientific identity ), academic citizenship education (single value education And education based on value neutrality) and aspects of academic citizenship (maintaining and promoting citizenship-generating capital; academic citizenship rights and academic citizenship responsibilities(.

The results of this exercise will show the increase in enrollment in higher education institutions, the creation of new scientific centers, the lack of space and technology equipment, the flood of documentaries, the drop in the quality of science and knowledge, the unemployment of graduates and the greater gap between the university, industry and society. Gave Also, the most important challenges of higher education, the loss of financial and human capital of the country due to the quality of outputs and the reluctance to attract these human resources at the community level, the lack of a comprehensive system of monitoring, evaluation and accreditation in the field of education , Lack of dynamism in the educational system to respond adequately to the needs of the society; underestimating the development of skills, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation in the educational system; the breakdown of university communications with research institutes and the periphery; lack of orientation Related issues with land management in higher education development programs, graduated unemployed, quantitative There is a lack of the necessary quality of university education. Needed analysis of the existing situation and initial orientations in the design, review and review of the education system at different levels to provide skill and manpower efficiency based on the line of selective development in the country's perspective and emphasis on the scientific and research system And prioritizing it is a necessity. To address the challenges of advanced education development.

The main aim of this research is Comparing the effect of the communicative and traditional styles of English language teaching on language learning skills in first grade of high school students .This research is based on the semi-experimental method with control and experimental group by using pretest- posttest patterns. The statistical population included all boy students (3200 students) in first grade of high schools of Sanandaj city in 1393-94. At first by using random sampling method, about 50 students selected as statistical sample. After the pretest and ensuring the insignificance of the differences, the experimental and control groups were formed. The data gathering instrument was researcher made exam whose content validity was determined by experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach Alpha 86%.After doing experiment a common post-test was done and  data were analysed by descriptive statistic indices and t-test. The result of this research shows that the language learning skills mean score of the experimental group (18/42) is more than the control group (15/71) and the mean score of post-test in speaking and writing skills of experimental group were 4/17, 5. Whereas the control group score were 3/20, 4/62. The mean scores of posttest in listening and reading skills in experimental group were 4/41, 4.87 and the control group score in these skills were 3/42, 4/47. In sum, findings show that English language teaching based on the communicative style has an incredible influence upon the language learning skills of students.