m bakhshi

In this paper, by considering soft set theory, lattice theory and filter theory of EQ-algebras, we introduce the concepts of intuitionistic soft positive implicative L-prefilter and intuitionistic soft implicative L-prefilter. Next, we give some examples and equivalent conditions to characterize them. Furthermore, the relationships between these two notions are investigated.

Twisted and coiled polymer actuators (TCPAs), typically made from fishing lines or sewing threads, became increasingly popular across various applications due to their unique capacity to contract or twist when heated, mimicking the behavior of artificial muscles. Their performance can be highly variable due to some manufacturing factors like fishing lines diameter. The study investigates TCPAs' mechanical behavior, considering changes in the diameters of fishing lines, operating temperatures, and applied tensile forces. For this purpose, this study addresses these challenges by experimenting with TCPAs of different diameters (0.5, 0.7, and 0.8 mm), using a hot water circulation system to control actuator temperature, enabling rapid and consistent actuation. Testing TCPAs under various thermal conditions reveals that both displacement and tensile strokes increase with temperature and decrease with tensile force. Also, the TCPA with a 0.7 mm diameter which has the smallest coil spring index and the smallest coil bias angle achieved the best performance, with a maximum displacement of 17 mm and a tensile stroke of 7.65% at 80°C and 1.422 N. These findings provide a clear pathway for creating reliable, high-performing TCPAs, making them suitable for applications requiring precise and consistent actuation.

In this paper, modal operators on BCK-algebras, especially BCK-algebras with condition (S) are introduced and several properties and characterizations of them are investigated. Also, it is investigated under what conditions these modal  operators form a lattice. Furthermore, some special modal operators are introduced and their properties and  characterizations of them are obtained, especially in some classes of BCK-algebras such as positive implicative BCK- algebras.

Endophytic fungi are a group of host-associated fungal communities that benefit their hosts. According to the conditions of their specific living environment, plant endophytic fungi produce many bioactive metabolites with different structural features. The bioactive compounds isolated from endophytic fungi, have significant effects on increasing the compatibility of both endophytic fungi and their host plants, such as the tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, some of these metabolites have indicated medicinal and ecological importance. In the present investigation, five fungal endophytes were isolated from the seeds of some medicinal plants. These endophytic isolates were characterized by sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions as Acremonium sp. isolated from Echium amoenum, Epicoccum nigrum from Rosa canina, Fusarium sp. and Fusarium equiseti from Calendula officinalis and Lecanicillium aphanocladii from Physalis peruviana. To screen the phytochemical derivatives of ethyl acetate of these endophytic fungal isolates, the extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS spectrum of the compounds found in the extracts of the endophytic fungi was matched with the standard compounds present in the WILEY8 library and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST14) library. The GC-MS analysis of extracts from these endophytic fungi revealed the presence of 49 phytocompounds such as 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, Hexadecane, Eicosane, Octadecane, Docosane, Nonadecane, Isopropyl myristate, Hexadecanoic acid, Undecane, Methyl stearate and so on. The results of the present study acknowledge that the endophytic fungi of these medicinal plants are the potential source of biologically active compounds and envisage the possible drug discovery using them. In addition, the compounds 14-Beta-H-Pregna and Cyclohexane,1,1'-(2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl) bis are reported here for the first time as fungal metabolites.

This review paper provides the first attempt at compiling a classification of all taxa in the kingdom Fungi and fungus-like taxa, reported from Iran until the end of 2021. The list of all fungal genera reported from Iran and their placement at the higher-level classification (phyla, classes, orders and families) is presented. The number of described species per genus is also given. The country harbors 4500 species under 1194 genera, 366 families, 116 orders, 38 classes and 13 phyla. Of these, 4271 species distributed in 1150 genera, 353 families, 107 orders, 34 classes and 10 phyla belong to the kingdom Fungi. The remaining taxa belong to two fungus-like kingdoms: Chromista (191 species, 23 genera, four families, four orders, two classes and one phylum) and Protozoa (38 species, 21 genera, nine families, five orders, two classes and two phyla). Ascomycota (2278 species, 656 genera, 184 families, 55 orders and 11 classes) and Basidiomycota (1857 species, 441 genera, 139 families, 39 orders and 11 classes) predominate other groups.

In this research, for complicated rectangular parts such as oil and gas tanks, and using hydroforming, forming of three geometries of simple, middle-step and the side-step, rectangular cups were investigated, and by examining the effect of geometrical parameters such as pressure, punch radius, and height, change in the initial shape of the sheet and the filling at different heights are compared. Moreover, by performing optimization and increasing the maximum pressure in middle-stepped and side-stepped cups to 30 and 40 MPa, the maximum filling can be increased by 8 and 12%, respectively. Also, by changing the height and drawing ratio in the stepped parts, the optimal shape of the initial sheet changes for conforming the curve of the formed sheet and the modified target contour. This change is variable for the coordinates of the node in the transverse wall, longitudinal wall, and corner radius of the optimal initial sheet.

ITS region and protein coding genes such as actA, cmdA, gapdh, his3, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 have been applied to investigate the molecular phylogeny of Cercospora species in recent years. Although gapdh is an informative gene for species delimitation in the genus, difficult amplification of this locuswith available primers limits its use for Cercospora. Therefore, in this study novel primers including GpdF-Cer (5’-TTC ATY GAG CCM CAC TAC GCT-3’) and GpdR-Cer (5’-RTC GGT GAC KRC GAG VAC-3’) were developed to supplement previously published primers for the amplification of gapdh. Besides, in a taxonomic survey on the genus Cercospora in Iran based on consolidated species concept, leaf samples with leaf spot symptoms were collected and Cercospora isolates were characterized based on a combination of morphological features and sequence data from the ITS, actA, cmdA, gapdh, his3 and tef1 loci. Seventeenspeciesof the genus Cercospora were recognized of which C. mercurialis on Mercurialis annua is confirmed for the first time, for Iran (Asia) mycobiota using sequence data of six genomic loci.Several new hosts are recorded for C. apii (one), C. beticola (one), C. cf. flagellaris (10), C. gamsiana (one), C. iranica (one), Cercospora sp. G (three) and Cercospora sp. T (four). Thus, new host families were added to the host range of C. beticola (Brassicaceae), C. cf. flagellaris (Lamiaceae, Polygonaceae, Vitaceae), and Cercospora sp. T (Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Rosaceae) in the world.

In this research, we present a mathematical model for allocating people to different jobs and shifting employees between related jobs. This action will reduce the repetitive activities workload and ergonomic risks at the planned time horizon, and finally increases the organization's efficiency. In this proposed model, the devices are semi-automatic and it is possible to allocated more than one task to one person. Regarding the modeling and the case study of the constraints, it is shown that the complexity of this problem type is NP-Hard, and the result of accurate methods for solving the problem is not possible in a reasonable time. Due to this Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is used to study the proposed model and comparison of the results of SA algorithm with the results of precise optimization methods shows the better performance of the Simulated Annealing algorithm in terms of the time and answer quality.

In this paper, the notions of Bosbach states and state-morphisms on implication basic algebra are introduced, along with their properties and related results. It is proved that Bosbach states coincide with Riecan states on bounded implication basic algebras. Accordingly, the relations between Bosbach states and state-morphisms are discussed. It is proved that  sm  is a state-morphism on IB if and only if  sm  is a Bosbach state and  sm(x V y)=sm(x)V sm(y) . In addition, the concept of internal states on implication basic algebras is defined, and accordingly, the notions of IS-prefilters, IS-filters, and IS-congruence relations on implication basic algebras are introduced. Then, it is proved that one-to-one correspondence is available between the set of all IS-filters and IS-congruence relations on implication basic algebras.Finally, the new notion of generalized state maps from an implication basic algebra  IB1  to an arbitrary implication basic algebra  IB2  is defined and generalized state-morphisms and generalized internal states as two types of individual generalized state maps are introduced. This confirmed that the generalized internal states are a generalization of internal states, and the generalized state-morphisms are a generalization of state-morphisms on implication basic algebras. Finally, it is shown that a generalized internal state  gs  is an internal state on implication basic algebra IB if  gs2=g.

In this paper, the concept of (strong) hyper equality ideals in bounded hyper equality algebras are introduced and several properties and related results are given. Also, the properties of hyper equality ideals of the direct product of bounded hyper equality algebras are investigated; we prove that any (strong) hyper equality ideal of the direct product of hyper equality algebras is representable with respect to the product of (strong) hyper equality ideals of any direct component. In the sequel, we investigate the relationships between hyper equality ideals and hyper deductive systems in good bounded hyper equality algebras. Furthermore, we show how one can construct a hyper congruence relation via a strong hyper equality ideal so that the congruence classes form a hyper equality algebra.

Hospital services are considered to be the principal factors contributing to increasing healthcare costs in many countries; therefore, considering productivity issues and identifying background factors affecting them is one of the top priorities of health care management. This study aimed to determine factors affecting the culture of productivity from the perspectives of health services providers. In this ethnography study, data were collected through interviews, observations and cultural artifacts in two major hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 key informants among clinical managers, and other health professionals. Data analysis was performed using Miles and Huberman methods. To determine the rigor of data, Guba and Lincoln’s criteria were used. Data was conceptualized in the two major domains of resources, i.e., management and healthcare quality. Conscientiousness in the workplace, knowledge and experience, facilities and equipment, motivations and management factors were the main factors affecting the areas under study. Conscientiousness in the workplace was turned out to be the most important factor affecting the culture in the study group and was influenced by knowledge and clinical experience and motivational factors in the workplace. Excessive work pressure, lack of motivation and knowledge regarding the maintenance of equipment, resource constraints and weak supervision were the factors affecting the individual’s productivity which is mainly under the influence of conscientiousness and commitment in the workplace. Therefore, it is proposed to take measures to foster Conscientiousness and commitment of professional staff in the workplace, pay greater attention to motivational factors, modify the system of funding hospitals and organize training courses related to productivity and inventory management.

The increased industrial applications of nanoparticles increase the possibility their deposition into aquatic ecosystems and thereby threatening the aquatic life. Therefore, this study aimed to provide the toxicological effects of ZnO NPs (0, 1,2,4,8 mg.L-1) on certain hematological indices of Koi fish for a period of  2 and 10 days, under static bioassay. A significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) content 7.3±0.19, red blood cell (RBC) count 1.41±0.03, hematocrit (Hct) value 22±0.66, mean cellular volume (MCV) 155.35±5.29 and mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH) 51.2±2.07 (except on 4 mg.L-1dose) was noticed throughout the study period of 10 days when compared to control groups. In contrast, mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels 4±0.23 were found to increase during the study period.Our results demonstrate that high ZnO NPs concentrations in the aquatic environment may have adverse effects and cause acute changes on hematological parameters of Koi fish.