فهرست مطالب m salahi

Candidiasis is the most opportunistic infection with a high rate of recurrent infection. Salvia macrosiphon has an antibacterial effect; however, its antifungal effect was not studied. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil from leaves of Salvia macrosiphon and its antifungal activity compared with fluconazole.

Salvia macrosiphon leaves, a native plant of Kogiluyeh and Boyerahmad province, were collected from Zagros Heights and used in this study. Then, the essential oil of this plant was tested for antibacterial and antifungal properties and compared with fluconazole.  The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry), and the antifungal activity of the plant's essential oil was compared with that of fluconazole.

The results of GC-MS analysis proved the presence of at least 29 compounds in the essential oil of Salvia macrosiphon. Amon these constitute butyl benzoate (49.16%), n-hexyl benzoate (7%), and isopatolenol (4.83%) were the main compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the essential oil (µl/ml) of Salvia macrosiphon and fluconazole (μg/ml) were 0.44 and 0.7 for Candida albicans, 0.056 and 0.7 for C. glabrata, and 0.1 and 0.088 for C. parapsilosis, respectively. Also, statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the mean of fluconazole and essential oil in total Candida isolates (p=0.001).

The essential oil of Salvia macrosiphon has stronger antifungal activity than fluconazole.

In machine learning, models are derived from labeled training data where labels signify classes and features define sample attributes. However, noise from data collection can impair the algorithm’s performance. Blanco, Japón, and Puerto proposed mixed-integer programming (MIP) models within support vector machines (SVM) to handle label noise in training datasets. Nonetheless, it is imperative to underscore that their models demonstrate an observable escalation in the number of variables as sample size increases. The nonparallel support vector machine (NPSVM) is a bi-nary classification method that merges the strengths of both SVM and twin SVM. It accomplishes this by determining two nonparallel hyperplanes by solving two optimization problems. Each hyperplane is strategically po-sitioned to be closer to one of the classes while maximizing its distance from the other class. In this paper, to take advantage of NPSVM’s fea-tures, NPSVM-based relabeling (RENPSVM) MIP models are developed to deal with the label noises in the dataset. The proposed model adjusts observation labels and seeks optimal solutions while minimizing compu-tational costs by selectively focusing on class-relevant observations within an ϵ-intensive tube. Instances exhibiting similarities to the other class are excluded from this ϵ-intensive tube. Experiments on 10 UCI datasets show that the proposed NPSVM-based MIP models outperform their counter-parts in accuracy and learning time on the majority of datasets.

Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the childhood complications in which bacteria are involved in its etiology. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative abundance of biofilms and genes associated with biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolates and also to determine the genotypic patterns of S. aureus isolates from adenoids and tonsils of children with adenoid hypertrophy by Spa typing method.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 pair isolates of S. aureus collected from adenoid and tonsil of children with adenoid hypertrophy. Phenotypic method used for assessing of biofilm production in S. aureus isolates and the presence of icaA,icaD,fnbA and clfA genes evaluated using polymerase chain reaction method. The spa typing method was apllied for typing of isolated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics method and SPSS software.

S. aureus isolated from adenoids and tonsils were positive in 49 (57%) and 40 (46.5%) biofilms, respectively. In 47 cases, pairs of isolates from the adenoids and tonsils were similar in terms of biofilm production. In the present study, 4 types of spa types were identified in S. aureus including t081 type, the most dominant type in 67.5%, t701 in 11.6%, t2419 in 9.3% and t4870 in 8.2% of adenoid isolates. In total, 79.45% of adenoid and tonsil isolates had similar typing. highest frequency of genes was related to fnbA, which was detected in adenoids in 64% and in tonsils in 41.9% of isolates.

Due to the relative frequency of biofilm formation, biofilm is of moderate importance in the establishment of Staphylococcus aureus in the tonsils and adenoids of patients. Moreover, the role of fnbA gene in biofilm formation was higher than other studied genes. High spa similarity Staphylococcus aureus isolates isolated from the adenoids and tonsils indicate the initial colonization of bacteria in the tonsils and then act as a source of infection for the adenoids.