m. akhoundi

This research presents a novel extended thermodynamic analysis method which helps to answer the question that, the improvement of which equipment in a thermodynamic cycle is in priority. This novel analysis has 3 parts including extended energy, extended entropy, and extended exergy analyses. As a case study, a low-temperature geothermal Kalina cycle system-34 was analyzed. The results were compared with the outcomes of conventional and advanced exergy analyses. Conventional exergy analysis indicated that the condenser, evaporator, and turbine have the largest exergy destruction, respectively while according to advanced exergy analysis, condenser, turbine, and LTR have the highest priority for improvement, respectively. The improvement priority using the presented novel extended analysis was also given to condenser, turbine, and LTR, respectively which is the same as the results of advanced exergy while the presented novel method is less complicated compared to the advanced exergy analysis.

An important and fundamental step in breeding honeybees is the separation of honeybee populations in Iran. During the years 1992-1996, several research works were directed towards the investigation of genetic populations of the Iranian honeybee (Apis mellifera</em> L.), using biochemical methods. For this purpose, samples of worker bees were taken from 251 colonies of 115 apiaries in 84 cities in 21 provinces. The biochemical studies were conducted on thoracic proteins of worker bees using the horizontal electrophoresis. The thoracic proteins of worker bees from the north and east populations isolated by electrophoretic techniques lacked a protein band having molecular weight of about 100,000 daltons. The results obtained from morphological and biochemical techniques and segregation of populations, indicate that breeding centers can be established in northern as well as western and central regions of Iran to improve genetic potentials of Iranian honeybee population.