m. bayrami

Happiness is a positive psychological variable that can affect the lives of the elderly. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between happiness and social support and appreciation in older women.

The present study is descriptive. For this study, 384 elderly women in districts 3, 4, and 5 of Tehran in 2020 were selected as the sample by the available sampling method. Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Oxford Happiness Inventory were used to collect data. Finally, after 54 times referring to the parks in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th  districts of Tehran, the researchers were able to collect the data of the present study and the participants answered the research questionnaires. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Mean and standard deviation of the variable of happiness were 26.08±7.38, social support 25.90±7.05, gratitude 22.66±6.30, brief examination of mental status 26.85±2.62, and age 63.75±2.71. The results of Pearson’s correlation test showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between happiness and support Social (r=0.78, p<0.001) and gratitude (r=0.44, p<0.001). The results of stepwise regression analysis also showed that social support (β=0.716, p<0.001) and after that gratitude (β=0.213, p<0.001) were able to predict 65% of happiness changes.

Gratitude and social support are directly related to happiness and can positively predict happiness. Therefore, it appears that paying attention to the concept of gratitude and social support in the treatment and counseling programs as an effective method to increase the happiness of older women will be useful. 

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of math education on self-esteem and self-efficacy of students with math learning disabilities, writing and normal students based on the McCarthy model. Because of the nature of this study, the mothed was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-group test).   The statistical population of the study included all sixth grade students with learning disabilities (math and writing) and non-learning disabilities in Ardabil in the academic year 1397-98. Sampling of this study indluded simple random sampling for Students with special math and writing learning disabilities (20 people from each group) Refering to the centers for learning disabilities in Ardabil and randomized cluster sampling from normal students in Ardabil (40 people).  Data were collected using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Scherer General Self-Efficacy Scale in the pre-test and post-test stages in all four groups.  The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software and covariance statistical method.  The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was a difference between self-esteem and self-efficacy of experimental and control groups (P <0.05).  In other words, the results showed that their mean scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than the self-esteem and self-efficacy of the experimental group.  The results of this study can be used in educational settings to improve the status of its components (self-esteem and self-efficacy) of students with learning disabilities and normal.

Patients with chronic joint pain experience frequent anxiety and insomnia. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness in improving chronic insomnia disorder and brain wave patterns of male patients with chronic pain in Tabriz.

This study was a semi-experimental project. The statistical population of the study was all male patients with chronic insomnia and pain in Tabriz in 2019. The sample of people eligible according to the diagnosis of a psychiatrist was selected from the psychiatric clinics of Tabriz. This sample consisted of 30 individuals who were randomly divided into two groups of 15 patients each. Fifteen people received mindfulness-based therapy in 8 sessions (1 weekly 90-minute session for 8 weeks), and no intervention was performed for 15 control group members. The collected information was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistical methods of multivariate covariance analysis.

According to the results, mindfulness improved chronic insomnia and pain, besides changing the brain wave patterns in delta and beta frequencies in these patients (p<0/001).

The findings of this study suggest that mindfulness training reduces chronic insomnia and improves brain waves in patients with chronic pain.

 The use of nanotechnology is rapidly expanding in various fields, especially in the health and pharmaceutical fields. The purpose of this study was to produce biological Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) using extract of milk thistle seeds and to determine their antibacterial properties.

In this laboratory study, biological NPs were synthesized using aqueous extract of milk thistle, and ZnO NPs were chemically synthesized as well. After investigating the structural properties, the antibacterial effects of the nanomaterials on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were studied at the concentrations of 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 and 0 (control) mg/ml.

The size of the biologically synthesized ZnO/Ag NPs was determined (17.5 nm), which was smaller than the chemical NPs (22 nm). Due to smaller size, it could have more bioactivity. Furthermore, the presence of organic compounds in the structure of NPs was confirmed. Both types of NPs showed dose-dependent antibacterial effects. Despite high sensitivity of bacteria to the biological NPs, this difference was statistically significant only at theconcentration of 0.8 mg/ml (p<0.05).

The findings showed that biological NPs were more effective on the bacterial growth. This could be due to their smaller size and presence of active plant compounds in their structure.

Reading problems are from among the most serious problems that children with learning disabilities are faced with. This study is conducted aimed at investigating the impact of the neuropsychological rehabilitation treatment on the problem-solving performance in patients with dyslexia disabilities. This study uses a quasi-experimental design with two groups of subjects. The first group is consisted of 10 people with dyslexia disabilities, and the control group is consisted of 10 individuals, i.e. people with dyslexia disabilities but with no intervention applied to them. Instruments included the neuropsychological rehabilitation program and the tower of London test. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 19 and the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The data analysis results showed that there was a significant difference (p<0/01) between the mean scores of the pre-test and the post-test of the experimental and control groups; this indicates that the neuropsychological rehabilitation treatment improves problem solving in people with dyslexia disabilities. Considering the positive effects of the current method that favors people with dyslexia disabilities, the results of this study demonstrated that the neuropsychological rehabilitation treatment could be an effective way used in achieving the optimum performance in people with dyslexia disabilities.

The concentrations of urea, protein and macro-minerals and their interrelationships were investigated in lactating mares. Fifty-six samples including 17 colostrum and 39 whole milks were collected in 2011-2012 in Uremia, Iran. Milk parameters were evaluated by auto-analyzer using commercial kits, after separation of the milk casein in 0.1 normal HCl. The overall means for urea, protein, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (IP), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations were 26.4 mg/dl, 4.66 g/dl, 43.2, 20.2, 7.33, 39.7, and 13.1 mmol/l, respectively. The concentrations of urea, Ca, IP and Na in whole milk were 24.4%, 2.8%, 14.3% and 9% greater than in colostrum and protein, and the Mg and K in colostrum’ were 505%, 91% and 9% greater than in whole milk of mares. Mean comparison between colostrum and whole milk parameters revealed significant differences (P< 0.01) in the concentrations of urea, protein and Mg. The highest concentrations of urea, Ca, IP and Na were found in whole milk and for protein, Mg and K in colostrum. With the exception of the differences (P<0.05) in colostrum Ca concentrations between 5, 9 and 10 year olds, no significant differences were observed among the six age groups in milk and colostrum parameters. There were significant correlations between urea/protein (r=-.19, P<0.01), urea/Ca (r=.37, P<0.01), urea/IP (r=-.35, P<0.01), urea/Mg (r=-0.32, P<0.01), Ca/IP (r=0.47, P<0.01), Na/K (r=-0.49, P<0.01) and protein/Mg (r=-0.72, P<0.01), of which the greatest and strongest correlations were seen in urea and protein/magnesium, respectively. It is concluded that the concentrations of protein and Mg in colostrum of mares were higher and urea was lower than in whole milk. Milk urea revealed the greatest relationships with the other milk parameters, and can be considered as a useful index in studies related to milk production in lactating mares.