m. fallahi khoshknab

In order to reduce the stress and anxiety caused by the spread of the Covid-19 disease, a beneficial and effective psychological variable such as resilience can play an adaptive role. Also, the therapeutic relationship is a meaningful and purposeful relationship between the nurse and the patient in order to solve the patient's problems and create adaptive responses.

The main purpose of this research was to determine the effect of communication therapy based on Peplau's theory on the level of anxiety and resilience of patients admitted to the corona ward of Khatam Al Anbia Hospital in Tehran in 2022.

In a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, using Corona anxiety questionnaires and Connor and Davidson resilience, 60 eligible patients and random allocation in the intervention and control group (30 people), therapeutic communication stages based on Peplau's theory (acquaintance, identification, utilization of care planning and evaluation and conclusion) with prior coordination And it was done according to the treatment plan of corona patients. The data was analyzed through parametric and non-parametric statistical tests using SPSS version 22 software.

The average index of corona anxiety in the intervention group, respectively, decreased from 1.95±0.21 to 1.6±0.11 after the intervention. Also, the average resilience index in the intervention group increased from 1.93±0.46 to 2.33±0.28 after the intervention, and the results of the paired t-test showed that in the intervention group, compared to the control group, the corona anxiety, and resilience in the post-intervention stage had a statistically significant decrease, and the difference before and after the intervention group was more than the control group. Based on the results of the analysis of covariance, the difference between the two intervention and control groups in the post-intervention phase was statistically significant.

Considering the impact of the communication therapy model based on Peplau's theory on anxiety and resilience, conducting educational interventions for the use of communication therapy by patients with chronic diseases and caregivers, as well as applying the results of communication therapy based on Peplau's method to The use of upcoming crises and epidemics is recommended.

The safety of patients and staffs is essential topic in the treatment and care of psychiatric patients in psychiatric wards and also permanent supply of high-quality and safe care is the tasks and concerns of these wards.

This study examines safety of patients and staffs in psychiatric wards and centers.

this systematic review was examined all qualitative and quantitative articles about safety in psychiatric settings that published in 2004-2015. Electronic search was done with English and persian keywords such as patient safety, psychiatric patients and psychiatric wards in databases including Medline, Elsevier, Nursing consult, ProQuest, Google Scholar, PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, SID, Iranmedex, Nindex and Magiran. Data extraction form was used for data gathering. A total of 118 articles were found and 38 articles were identified for inclusion to study.

Results of this study shown that most of studies were discussed about safety events and its consequences and others were described knowledge gathering about the safety and Effective measures to increase safety in psychiatric settings. Main topics that discussed in Safety events were about violence and its consequences and also other events such as escape, self-injury, and suicide, transmission of infectious diseases, medication errors, and falls in psychiatry settings.

Many events occur in psychiatric wards. Safety and its risk factors in the care of mental patients has less been discussed. Therefore we recommend that Continuing Studies and the integration of research and clinical activities for transfer of knowledge and training to ensure better functions and make the necessary changes.

Nursing knowledge and profession will not develop well, if the quality of the doctoral program of nursing is not systematically examined Quality of the  program  needs to reviewing and evaluating  the programs periodically by the Internal and External Quality Assurance Committee. In this regards, this comparative study of educational system of nursing doctorate in Iran and Duke University has been done.

This descriptive-comparative study was conducted in 2020. The four-stage Bereday model include description, interpretation, proximity and comparison were used to compare the nursing educational system in Iran and Duke University. After collecting data, the data were classified and compared.

Although Duke University and Iran curricula have similarities in philosophy, job position, course content, teaching techniques, and student evaluation, there are differences in both curricula, including the use of nursing metaparadigms. In the curriculum of Duke University, all four metaparadigms of nursing have been discussed but in the curriculum of Iran, two metaparadigms have been mentioned. How to admit students and manner of education are the other subjects. Educational techniques and job position are among the similarities between the two educational programs, but the most important differences between them are educational content and way of admitting students.

Although the new curriculum of the Doctor of Nursing has tried to pay attention to the clinic in addition to educational programs, but the recent curriculum in Iran, despite all its efforts to train clinical staff, is more educational and requires another curriculum to train clinical staff. However, in the curriculum of Duke University, nursing Ph.D education course separate from doctorate clinical nursing. Therefore, It is suggested to initiate a specialized clinical doctorate course in the coming years and separate it from training course which have different goals.

  Anxiety is the most prevalent psychological reaction to childbirth in women, especially in primiparous ones who are not well prepared for assuming the maternal role. Given the importance of maintaining and improving health in women and reducing their psychological complications during pregnancy and childbirth as well as the costs of care and treatment, paying attention to accessible and cost-effective spiritual care-giving methods with fewer complications is crucial. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of spiritual care on anxiety about childbirth in primiparous women.

The present quasi-experimental case-control study with a pretest posttest design was conducted on 40  primiparous women selected using random sampling and presenting in 2018 to the perinatal clinic of Kamali Hospital. The research was affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. The data collection tools consisted of a demographic questionnaire and the Spiel Berger state-trait anxiety inventory, which was used to evaluate anxiety in both groups first before The performing spiritual care at 28 weeks of gestation and then at 32 and 34 weeks of gestation. The score of anxiety was 20-80 in this inventory. The intervention group received spiritual care through eight 45-minute sessions and participated in childbirth preparation classes. The data collected were analyzed in SPSS-20 using the independent t-test, the Chi-squared test and  Methods ANOVA.

The data obtained suggested statistically-significant differences in state and trait anxiety levels between before the intervention (28 weeks of gestation) and afterwards (32 weeks of gestation) in the intervention group compared to in the controls  (P<0.05). Statistically-significant differences were also observed in the levels of state and trait anxiety in the intervention group compared to in the control group at 34 weeks of pregnancy (P<0.05).

Spiritual care can be used to reduce anxiety about childbirth in primiparous women.

 Renal failure is the irreversible degeneration of renal function, which is typically treated by hemodialysis. Hemodialysis causes mental stresses, fatigue, and depression in affected patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of laughter therapy on fatigue and depression in hemodialysis patients.

 This clinical trial study was carried out based on total count sampling on 70 hemodialysis patients in the cities of Sowmehsara and Fouman in 2017. The Demographic Questionnaire, Multidimensional Fatigue Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were completed by both groups before the intervention. Afterward, 8 laughter therapy sessions each lasting 30-45 minutes were held for four weeks for the participants in the intervention group. At the end of the last session, the questionnaires were again completed by the participants in both groups. During the intervention, the control group received only usual treatments. The collected data were analyzed using independent samples t-test, Loon test, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

 The mean scores of depression and fatigue in the two groups were not significant before the intervention (p>0.5). However, after the intervention, depression and fatigue scores showed significant differences between the two groups (p=0.001). The depression score in the treatment group decreased from 24.73±11.56 to 10.88±5.00 and the fatigue score decreased from 74.95±16.07 to 52.53±14.70.

 According to the findings, laughter therapy reduced depression and fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, senior nursing managers are recommended to take required actions to apply laughter therapy to improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients.

The growing number of older people in world، will increase chronic diseases. It is necessary empowerment interventions for reduce health costs، authority and self-efficacy attainment and informed health related decisions-making. The aim of this article was to critically analyze the findings of publish review empowerment interventions studies in older people with chronic diseases.

This descriptive review was conducted to examine how empowerment is conceptualized across interventions. Computerized and manual searches were conducted of articles regardless of the time limit. Computerized searches of Academic Search Ovid، Science Direct، Elsevier and IranMedex databases were conducted. During this search، 20 studies were found which met the inclusion criteria. These studies were assessed and criticized based on Sidani & Braden (1998) framework

Results showed that some studies did not use the theoretical frame and outcome of criteria were not clear too. In addition، all of empowerment dimensions effects of demographic variables on empowerment were neither considered، nor had a follow-up program.

According empowerment interventions and its limitations، it is suggested that all empowerment dimensions should be considered in further research studies.

Prehospital services in road traffic accidents are one of the critical aspects of prehospital services. The goals of these services in traffic accidents is providing services to clients who need to on time interventions, prevention of disabilities and rapid and safe transportation by trained practitioners.The aim of this article was review the prehospital services by focus on road traffic accidents, in developed and developing countries.

In this review article for data gathering, data bases of Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL and Science Direct searched by key word strategies. Eventually 43 articles since 1999 to 2012 selected.

There are differences in structure, level of services and human resources in prehospital systems that created different patterns in countries. Many countries by strategies such as continuous public and professional education have compensated the weakness of other aspects.

Prehospital service systems have several aspects such staffing, education, technology, management and organization. Each country must design their appropriate pattern to provide the best service to community.