فهرست مطالب m. khalili

Population growth and freshwater scarcity have led people to think about renewable energy sources. In this research, a stepped solar still has been used to produce drinking water. In order to improve the device's performance, absorbent fabrics were utilised to increase the heat transfer area between the saline water and the environment, resulting in increased evaporation and fresh water production. Water inlet flow rate, fabric material, fabric thickness or number of layers, fabric colour, and fabric placement angle are all variables that have been used at the same time. Three different fabrics in three different layers were used in the experiments, with flow rates of 50, 100, and 150 ml/min and angles of 30, 60, and 90 degrees. There were also three colours for fabrics: white, brown, and black. The response level approach was used for the design of the experiments in this study, and 27 experiments were examined. The findings revealed that the black color, material # 1 with the highest water absorption, more layers, larger angles of fabrics, and lowering the flow rate all had an effect on increasing the amount of fresh water produced.

Considering the side effects of high doses of opioids taken postoperatively for pain control, paracetamol and magnesium sulfate may be able to aid in pain control. This study assessed the effects of paracetamol and magnesium sulfate on the level of pain and opioid intake following orthognathic surgery.   

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, patients scheduled for bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were randomly assigned to two groups of 25. Group 1 patients received 1 g infusion of intravenous acetaminophen (paracetamol) administered within 20 minutes while group 2 patients received 50 mg/kg magnesium sulfate infusion one hour prior to completion of surgery. The patients were asked to express their level of pain prior to discharge from the recovery, and every 4 hours for 12 hours using a visual analog scale (VAS). Patients with pain score > 5 at any time received 30 mg pethidine. The total received dosage of pethidine postoperatively was recorded and those that received pethidine were not included in pain score analysis. Data were analyzed by generalized estimating equation (GEE), and Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, and t-tests.

The pain score was not significantly different between the two groups at the time of recovery and 4 and 8 hours (P>0.05). The magnesium sulfate group had significantly lower pain score at 12 hours (P=0.009). The difference in pethidine dosage was not significant (P>0.05).

Both magnesium sulfate and paracetamol decreased postoperative pain and the need for opioid consumption, but magnesium sulfate was slightly more effective.

This paper presents a new single-end scheme to locate and protect faults on the compensated transmission line using the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). The UPFC controllers have remarkable effects on the transient and steady-state components of the voltage and current signals. First of all, this study evaluates the impact of UPFC on Traveling Waves (TW) that pass through the UPFC location. Following that, the effects of UPFC’s harmonic on conventional protections will be investigated using the TW theory. A single-end method will be presented in the next stage to protect and locate the faults on the compensated transmission lines with UPFC. Moreover, an extraction technique (i.e., Discrete Wavelet Transform [DWT]) is used to process the current and voltage signals. As a branch of mathematics, cooperative game is employed in this study to represent the strategic interaction of different players in a context by predefined rules and outcomes. Additionally, this study made use of this theory to distinguish the extracted TWs from each other. The proposed method is assessed considering different fault situations with great variations in operating conditions accompanied by a UPFC placed at the midpoint of the line.

One of the most important and valuable plants in the pharmaceutical industry is the hull-less pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Hamedani) plant, which belongs to the cucurbitaceous family. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation and kaolin clay on yield and yield components of (Cucurbita pepo L.). Experiment was laid out as a split plot design with randomized complete block design with three replications at the field located in Siahbaz village, Khoy district, Iran. The main factors included irrigation at four levels (complete irrigation, deficit irrigation from the shoot stage, deficit irrigation from flowering stage, Deficit irrigation from seed filling stage) and sub-factor including three levels of kaolin (control, 3% kaolin, 6% kaolin) was considered. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of deficit irrigation and kaolin on number of seeds per fruit, fruit yield, 1000 grain weight, grain and biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein percentage, oil yield and protein yield were significant. Analysis of variance showed that irrigation treatment at different growth stages had significant effect on leaf number at 1% probability level, but application of kaolin and interaction of irrigation and kaolin on number of leaves per plant was not significant. The results showed that the highest grain weight (294.55 gr), grain yield (807.2 kg/ha), oil percentage (46.2) and oil yield (373.3 kg/ha) were related to complete irrigation treatment. Irrigation at grain filling stage had no significant effect. Deficit irrigation treatment at the stem stage showed the lowest of studied traits. The highest grain weight (257.07 gr), grain yield (733.7 kg/ha) and fruit yield (23.84 kg/ha) were observed in the 3% kaolin spraying treatment. Kaolin 3% increased oil yield, oil percentage, protein percentage and protein yield compared to control treatment. Interaction between deficit irrigation and kaolin consumption was not significant on any of the traits of pumpkin. According to the results of means of oil and protein yield, complete irrigation and cessation of irrigation at filling of grain, were in a statistical group and there was no significant difference with kaolin 3% and cessation of irrigation in filling of grain, the desired quantitative and qualitative yield can be achieved in Pumpkin.

Due to high production and good economic income, greenhouse cultures are growing. Therefore, it is necessary to find methods that increase yield and water use efficiency in greenhouse conditions. Use of mycorrhiza fungi and hydrogel can be suggested in this regard. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in the greenhouse of Payame Noor University of Zahedan center in 2017-2018. The first experimental factor included irrigation at three levels of low, moderate and normal with 540, 790 and 1040 liters of water per square meter, respectively. The second factor consisted of mycorrhizal fungus at two levels of inoculation and no inoculation. Hydrogel treatment at two levels was considered as the third factor. The results showed that under normal irrigation conditions and combined application of fungus and hydrogel, the highest plant height, number of fruits per plant, final fruit yield, dry weight of shoot and root, relative leaf water content and water use efficiency were obtained. For the above traits, no significant difference was observed between this treatment and treatment of normal irrigation and fungal inoculation and without hydrogel application. At moderate irrigation condition, the highest values of the mentioned traits were obtained from the combined treatment of fungus and hydrogel and the yield obtained from this treatment was not significantly different from the one at normal irrigation condition without the use of fungus and hydrogel. At low irrigation condition, the highest values of the studied traits were obtained from combined treatment fungus and hydrogel and also application of hydrogel without the use of fungus. The lowest values of the studied traits in this experiment were obtained at low irrigation treatment without the use of fungus and hydrogel. At low irrigation condition, there was no significant difference between the two treatments of fungal application without the use of hydrogel and lack of fungal application which indicates that the fungus is not effective at low irrigation condition.

To investigate the effect of irrigation volume and nutrient consumption on yield and yield components of cherry tomatoes, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as split plots in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the maximum plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per harvest, total fruit yield, and shoots dry weight were obtained in the treatment of 20 liters of water per square meter per day with nutrient solution application of micronutrients with concentrations of one and a half times the Hoagland solution. The highest water use efficiency obtained from the treatments of 15 and 20 liters of water per square meter per day and consumption of nutrient solution one and a half times the concentration of micronutrients in Hoagland solution with averages of 6.55 and 6.10 g final yield of fresh fruit each plant per liter of water consumption per plant, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the traits also showed a positive and significant relationship between total fruit yield with all studied traits, so that the highest correlation (r = 0.93) had with trait of number of fruits per plant and the lowest correlation (r = 0.7) had with trait of stem diameter.

In parallel with the increased use of nano-sized metallic materials, the possibility of their release into the environment has increased in recent decades. However, there is not sufficient information on the toxic potential of these materials on different aspects of the life history of aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on goldfish by studying histopathological alteration and Hsp70 gene expression in gill and liver tissues. The results showed that after exposure to different concentrations of ZnO-NPs, severe lesions were observed in the gill and liver tissues of goldfish. Expression of Hsp70 significantly increased in comparison with the control group and this increase was observed especially in the initial sampling times. Also expression pattern of Hsp70 is relatively similar in gill and liver tissues of goldfish. Based on the results of the present study, ZnO-NPs, as widely used nanoparticles can endanger the health of goldfish and further studies are needed to evaluate its potential toxic effects.

Machining is a complex process that many variables determine the result. Among them, tool vibration is a critical phenomenon because it causes unacceptable dimensional errors on the work pieces and a sharp reduction in tools life. Whereas the dynamic of the tool and the work piece depends on many parameters, it's very difficult to prediction tool vibration by using relationship and formulas. In this research, internal tuning experiments done with various parameters. Output of experiments shows occurrence or non- occurrence of chatter phenomenon by finishing surface shape, Fast Furrier transform and Spectral density of acceleration signal. Then, by writing a program with Matlab software, using different artificial neural networks, various processes are performed to make the program with highest efficiency between them and using it to predict chatter phenomenon this specific turning machine. Finally, for the validation of results, tests have been designed and planned. The results show that the predication of chatter phenomenon with an acceptable percentage is done correctly.

Research results performed by researchers have illustrated that applying electric current to a deforming metal can lead to a reduction in the required deformation force and an improvement in the formability. This technique is known as electrically assisted forming and is used in various forming processes. In this paper, the forming of square cups through electrically assisted deep drawing process was investigated experimentally and the effects of process parameters, including current magnitude, pulse frequency, and waveform (sinusoidal and square) on the forming force, thickness distribution, and drawing depth are examined. In this regard, after designing and preparing the test setup and forming square cups, the experimental results obtained were compared to those of the conventional deep drawing tests. The results showed that increasing the current magnitude leads to reducing the maximum thinning and the forming force in the deep drawing process of the formed parts. Furthermore, it was found that at a higher frequency, the deformation force decreases significantly and thickness distribution becomes more uniform. The comparison of the two waveforms of pulses demonstrated that the sinusoidal waveform has a relatively more significant effect on the reduction of the force and thickness distribution and a considerable effect on the drawing depth.

Corona, like some Greek words, has two meanings; both the crown and the aura. It is now worldly/pandemic and has become the crown of the world and has swallowed everything in its aura. Disease of Covid-19 has put the world on the brink; as far as the pre-Corona and post-Corona world is spoken of as two very different worlds. Corona reveals the boundary position of the present world; Without having already reached a consensus on it. The Corona is crucial moment; it means the terrifying collapse of time and space full of bandits, without a pre-arranged plan to confront them. The signs of a changing world had long since become apparent when the global village was spoken of; but there was no agreement on the themes and ways of collective life in the globalized world. The author, by accepting the presupposition (the foundation of human collective life based on the dialectic of thesis, antithesis and synthesis) and by considering the approach of political history and using the method of history-bond explanation, has tried to justify the idea that the Corona as a turning point cause the human society needs to a new social contract. If in 1648, Münster of Westphalia, was the end of the war and the beginning of a collective agreement; Wuhan of 2019 marks the beginning of the battle for globalized humanity to step into the path of a new agreement for a new treaty.

The purpose of this study wasto predict academic performance based onachievement goals and academic procrastination. 300 first grade female highschool students were selected as sample by cluster sampling method. For datacollection the Achievement Goal Questionnaire (Elliot & McGregor, 2001)and AcademicProcrastination Questionnaire (Solomon and Rasblom, 1984)and GPA. The evaluated model had good fitness indicators. Results ofstructural equation modeling showed that the goals of Mastery orientation(p=0/003), mastery-avoidance(p=0/03) and performance-orientation(p=0/03) have direct and significant impact on procrastination.The goal ofmastery-avoidance (p=0/03), Performance orientation (p=0/005) andprocrastination (p=0/03) also had a direct and significant impact onacademicachievement.Academic achievement are anticipated through mastery goalorientation, mastery-avoidance, performance-oriented and academicprocrastination. According to obtained results, by changing of the target'sorientation, it would be possible to reduceor correct academic procrastinationand improve mathematics performance

Because of decreasing the value and availability of water resources¡ we have to use water resources in a best way. The new irrigation systems like subsurface drip irrigation can improve irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency. To properly manage SDI systems¡ the precise distribution of water around the emitter must be known. Several models have been developed to simulate soil moisture pattern and wetting front by using soil hydraulicparameters¡ the emitter’s discharge and the volume of discharged water. In this paper¡ HYDRUS-2D model was used so simulation results were compared with two sets of experiments involving SDI with emitters installed at two different depth (40 &50 cm) while the emitters space was 75 cm with 3.5 l/h emitter discharge. The RMSE at different locations around emitter varied between 0.014 and 0.033 for volumetric water content in 40 cm installation depth and 0.009 and 0.025 for 50 cm installation depth. The continuous horizontal wetting profile was achieved so the space of emitter was suitable. With due attention to our results¡ 75 cm distance between emitters and 50 cm installation depth with 3.5 l/hr emitter discharge is proposed to be applied in loamy soil.

Odontogenic tumors are derived from the epithelial and/or mesenchymal remnants of the tooth-forming apparatus. Therefore, they are found exclusively in tooth-bearing areas. Similar to other neoplasms in the body, odontogenic tumors tend to histologically mimic the cell or tissue of origin. A 5-year-old boy presented with a chief complaint of pain in the mandible which started 3 months ago. Oral examination revealed bony expansion and a radiopaque mass fused with the roots of deciduous second molar was detected during radiographic examination. After surgical excision of the lesion and the involved tooth, microscopic examination revealed neoplastic tissue consisted of trabeculae of mineralized material with irregular lacunae and prominent basophilic reversal lines. Each trabecula was lined by prominent cells surrounded by cellular connective tissue. The lesion infiltrated the pulp chamber and root canals. According to the clinical and radiographic findings, bone-producing tumors, odontogenic tumors with calcifications and reactive lesions were included in the differential diagnosis. However, based on histopathology and radiographic data, final diagnosis of Cementoblastoma, a benign odontogenic tumor, was confirmed. Patient follow-up revealed no recurrence of the lesion.

Mast cells are initiating immune response and acting as first line of host defense against bacterial and parasitic infection. They are known to play an important role in allergic reaction, local homeostasis, inflammation and angiogenesis.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between mast cell count and chronic periodontitis.

This case-control study was conducted on subjects referred to dentistry centers in Qazvin from 2004 to 2005. Periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival and plaque indices were measured. Gingival specimens from 20 moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis sites (case group) and 18 healthy/ gingivitis sites (control group) in routine periodontal surgeries (flap and crown lengthening) were prepared. The specimens were examined after toluidine-blue staining for mast cells and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining for histological assessment of the inflammation. Mast cell counting and inflammation grading was performed 3 times by 2 observers in 5 micron length sections, using light microscope at 100 and 400 magnifications. Data were analyzed by T - test and ANOVA.

Mast cell count were 34.5±23.1 in case group and 13±9.8 in control group and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). In small grades of pathologic inflammation, mast cell count were 42.2±33.2 in case group and 8.4+5.4 in control group and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.04) as well. There was no relationship in high grades of inflammation.

The present study indicates that mast cell numbers in chronic periodontitis sites are more than healthy or gingivitis sites. The results of this study suggest more studies to clarify the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and also to evaluate the dynamic aspects of host defense simultaneously with other aspects of immune system.

The appearance of osteoclasts is the first step in orthodontic tooth movement. During orthodontic force application, the periodontal ligament (PDL) undergoes hyalinization. This tissue damage prevents the tooth from moving until the adjacent bone and necrotic tissue are removed by osteoclasts. There is a range of forces that produce the maximum rate of tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different orthodontic forces on osteoclast numbers. Forty rats were randomly divided to 4 experimental groups. Appliance exerted 25gr in light, 40gr in moderate and 60gr in heavy group. There was not any appliance in control group. Animals were sacrified after 14 days and tissue samples were prepared. The mesial and distal surfaces of first upper molar and adjacent alveolar bone were studied. Osteoclast numbers, cementoclast numbers, root length, root resorption, depth and length of resorptive cavities, PDL. width in coronal-middle-apical, apical and coronal inflammation, bone resorption, necrotic bone and tooth movement were evaluated. Mesial and distal surfaces were also compared. In menial osteoclast numbers, depth of resorptive cavities, bone resorption, necrotic bone, PDL width and in distal apical inflammation, bone resorption, necrotic bone and PDL width were significant. Tooth movement was significantly different between all groups. (P<0.05) This data suggest that osteoclasts numbers are increased when force is increased. The magnitude of the orthodontic force is believed to be an important factor, not only for the magnitude of the tooth movement but also for any tissue damage.

In order to select high yielding and most adaptable chickpea lines under dryland conditions, seven desi type chickpea genotypes together with one check cultivar (Pirouz) were evaluated in three research stations (Gerize, Kharke and Ghamlu) of Kurdistan province, during three years (2001-03) in RCB design with four replications. Bartlett test suggested that there was homogeneity in error of variances. Thus, analyses of variance were done to study the genotype-environment interactions, and analysis of stability was done to determine the performance of lines in varying environments. Results, of ANOVA showed that there were significant differences among environments, mean yield of genotypes and the G E interaction. Stability analysis after Eberhart and Russell method showed that there were significant variations due to genotypes, environment and their interactions for one hundred seeds weight, and due to environment for seed yield. On the basis of stability parameters (P < sub>i, bi, S2di, and CV %), genotype ICCV 91006 with the highest seed yield (821 kgha-1) was selected as the most desirable and stable genotype .

Cataloging of historical events could be done in three manners:historigraphy, chronology and beholding history. The author callsthem narration which has a distinguished speciality. He belives that asa matter of fact writing the events which have been taken place in theQajar dynasty into history was not never historigraphy and nor wasa chronology by itself. So there are several themes that run throughthe time which attemp to rethink beholding history in this way. Theauthor uses a modernized one: identity. He describes it as a processwhich leads to the realization of what is and who is. The content ofthis context can be analyzed on the basis of “Self-Else” , “traditionalreligiouslegitimate” and “authority”. In this article three texts of theQajar dynasty have been collate by these Substances: (elixir of history,royal vestiges, modern history). He concludes that identity have anyobjectivity itself. It is important to appreciate the full significance ofthe point that the history texts imply a process with men’s identity orindividaulity. This binary matching of identity with history has beenunderstood too inflexibly.