m. tabesh

This study presents a tool for evaluating sustainable development in the mining industry. We identified indicators related to four dimensions: growth and learning, economy, environment, and society. A total of 75 primary indicators were determined. Indicators with a mean weight of over 3.6 were considered suitable, resulting in the selection of 28 final indicators. The top-ranked indicator was "number of lost days" with a mean weight of 10.9, followed by "total amount of waste produced" with a mean weight of 7.73. The indicators of "waste management" and "efforts to restore the mine" had mean weights of 5.9, ranking third. To assess the weight of each dimension in evaluating sustainability performance, the researchers used the FANP method and a pairwise comparison questionnaire. The inconsistency rate of the pairwise comparisons, estimated using the Gogos and Butcher's method, was below 0.1 for all questionnaires, indicating consistency. The results showed that the "growth and learning" dimension had the highest mean weight of 0.48, followed by the "community" dimension with a mean weight of 0.24. The "environment" dimension ranked third with a mean weight of 0.22, while the "economy" dimension ranked fourth with a mean weight of 0.16 among all dimensions.

The purpose of this study is optimal performance based design of municipal wastewater collection networks. Sewer deterioration decreases system performance over time and investigations have shown that diameter, slope, structural condition, length and burial depth are effective factors in hydraulic and structural deterioration. In this research first these factors were used to develop performance indicators based on velocity, depth of flow, burial depth, pipe slope and pipe length. Then, using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and pipe diameter as decision variable, the optimal design of a case study was performed under different combinations of performance indicators. Part of Kerman's wastewater collection network which includes 20 manholes and 20 pipes and one outlet is considered as case study. The results showed that the pareto points in different combination of factors influencing the overall performance, are very similar and in all scenarios, the designs tend to increase the slope of the pipe, decrease the diameter and increase the depth of burial. It was observed that the performance of the network can be improved about 2 percent in case study and almost without imposing additional costs on the basic design.

T h e o p t i m u m d e s i g n i s c o n s i d e r e d a s v e r y i m p o r t a n t t o p i c i n e n g i n e e r i n g i s s u e s. W a t e r d i s t r i b u t i o n n e t w o r k s a r e o n e o f t h e c r u c i a l u r b a n i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s. I n u r b a n w a t e r s u p p l y s y s t e m s, t a n k s o r s e r v i c e r e s e r v o i r s a r e c o n s t r u c t e d f o r p u r p o s e s o f w a t e r s t o r a g e f o r b a l a n c i n g c o n s u m p t i o n, e m e r g e n c y a n d f i r e a s w e l l a s p r e p a r i n g d e s i g n p r e s s u r e. C o n s i d e r i n g t h a t a s i g n i f i c a n t p o r t i o n o f t h e c o s t o f u r b a n w a t e r p r o j e c t s i s r e l a t e d t o t a n k s a n d s e r v i c e r e s e r v o i r s, d e s i g n e r s s h o u l d o p t i m i z e t h e r e s e r v o i r c o s t a s w e l l a s i t s h y d r a u l i c a n d q u a l i t y p e r f o r m a n c e s. O p t i m i z a t i o n i s s u e s i n t h e d e s i g n a n d o p e r a t i o n p h a s e s o f w a t e r d i s t r i b u t i o n n e t w o r k s m o s t l y f o c u s o n p i p e s o r p u m p's s c h e d u l e a n d l e s s o n s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y, o r c o n s t r a i n t s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h q u a l i t y p a r a m e t e r s a r e l e s s c o n s i d e r e d. T h e r e a s o n i s t h a t w a t e r q u a l i t y s h o w s i t s i m p o r t a n c e i n t h e o p e r a t i o n s t a g e; t h e r e f o r e, c o n t r o l l i n g w a t e r q u a l i t y i s d o n e i n t h e o p e r a t i o n s t a g e w i t h s a m p l i n g f r o m d i f f e r e n t p a r t s o f t h e n e t w o r k. I n t h i s p a p e r, i n o r d e r t o o p t i m i z e t h e p e r f o r m a n c e a n d q u a l i t y o f t h e w a t e r d i s t r i b u t i o n n e t w o r k, h i g h p e r f o r m a n c e a n d e a s y i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a l g o r i t h m o f N A A C O (N o n-d o m i n a t e d A r c h i v i n g A n t C o l o n y O p t i m i z a t i o n) i s d e v e l o p e d i n V i s u a l C++, w h i c h m i n i m i z e s t h e c o s t a n d m a x i m i z e s t h e r e l i a b i l i t y o f s t o r a g e t a n k s. T o a c h i e v e t h i s g o a l, t h e A n t C o l o n y O p t i m i z a t i o n a l g o r i t h m (A C O) i s c o m b i n e d w i t h s i m u l a t i o n s o f t w a r e (E P A N E T) w h i c h i s c a p a b l e o f b o t h h y d r a u l i c a n d q u a l i t y a n a l y s e s. O p t i m a l s o l u t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t e d i n p a r e t o c u r v e s. A p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e p r o p o s e d a p p r o a c h t o t h e w e l l k n o w n t e s t n e t w o r k o f A n y t o w n s h o w s t h e a d v a n t a g e s o f t h i s m e t h o d o l o g y. A l s o, d i f f e r e n c e s i n o u t c o m e s b a s e d o n d e m a n d a n d h e a d d r i v e n h y d r a u l i c a n a l y s e s a r e e x a m i n e d a n d a r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n h y d r a u l i c r e l i a b i l i t y o f t a n k a n d n e t w o r k i s p r o p o s e d. R e s u l t s s h o w t h a t t h i s m e t h o d o l o g y c a n w e l l c o v e r t h e a s p e c t s o f t h e p r o b l e m a n d l e a d s t o t h e f a v o r a b l e d e c i s i o n s i n t h e o p e r a t i o n o f s t o r a g e t a n k s i n w a t e r d i s t r i b u t i o n n e t w o r k s c o n s i d e r i n g q u a l i t y c o n s t r a i n t s.

In recent years, hydraulic models are widely used to simulate hydraulic performance of water distribution systems. They play a significant role in evaluation and operational management of these systems. Calibration is necessary for improvement of model function and reduction of the uncertainties during different consumption scenarios in the system. At the moment just a few commercial models are capable of calibration calculation besides the hydraulic performance evaluation. However, the popular and freely available model, EPANET can not be calibrated. In this paper, an optimization procedure is proposed using Genetic Algorithm (GA) for calibration of the hydraulic simulator. For this problem, the pipe roughness (Hazen Williams) coefficients, nodal demands and pipe diameters are considered as decision variables of the optimization problem. The procedure is implemented for four different consumption scenarios: normal, minimum, maximum and fire flow. Finally, to evaluate the proposed methodology, a test network at different consumption scenarios is calibrated and the results are compared. Comparison of the results shows that the best result with minimum error has been obtained when the fire consumption with considering both variables of Hazen-William coefficient and nodal demand was selected.

In this paper different methods for analysis of pipes breakage in urban water distribution networks are investigated. At first, it is necessary to obtain complete and exact information about the failures in the networks. Thus, a suitable form was designed for gathering the required information including all the necessary parameters for the analysis. Then the rates of annual pipe failures were assessed based on the diameter, age and availability of pipes. Mechanical reliability (availability) of network components is the probability that component is performing well in the networks during its lifetime. The results show that the rate of breakage is decreased by increasing the diameter in all pipe types (e.g. Steel, Asbestos Cement). Assessing the availability of the pipes according to their diameter and length reveals an increase in availability by increasing the diameter but a decrease in availability by increasing the length of the pipes. It is also seen that the rate of water loss decreases by increasing the diameter of pipes. Furthermore, an increase in the rate of failures is observed when pipes are aging. The results of pipe breakage analyzed. Introduced in this paper provide helpful information to be used in design, operation and rehabilitation of pipe networks.