فهرست مطالب m.akram

The q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROFSs) are increasingly valuable to express fuzzy and vagueinformation, as the generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and Pythagorean fuzzy sets(PFSs). In this paper, we propose complex $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (C$q$-ROFSs) as a new tool to deal with vagueness, uncertainty and fuzziness by extending the range of membership and non-membership function of $q$-ROFS from real to complex number with the unit disc.We develop some new complex $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher operations and complex $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators, i.e., the complex $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher weighted average (C$q$-ROFHWA) operator, and the complex $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher weighted geometric (C$q$-ROFHWG) operator. Subsequently, we introduce the innovative concept of a complex $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy graphs based on Hamacher operator called complex $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher graphs (C$q$-ROFHGs) and determine its energy and Randi\'{c} energy.In particular, we present the energy of a splitting C$q$-ROFHG and shadow C$q$-ROFHG. Further, we describe the notions of complex $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher digraphs (C$q$-ROFHDGs).Finally, a numerical instance related to the facade clothing systems selection is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed concepts in decision making (DM).

Tuberculosis is one of the predominant infectious diseases causing significant deaths worldwide. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli (MTB) using culture media was officially recognized by World Health Organization. However, there is a significant limitation in the authenticity of evaluation for its effectiveness on clinically important attributes. GeneXpert detects the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) based on the detection of nucleic acid and is able to identify the resistance of both isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF) drugs. In this technique, DNA amplification is done using the GeneXpert instrument in the suspected sample with a specific reagent cartridge. Although GeneXpert is a rapid technique compared to other diagnostic tools for MTB identification due to false-negative results, the culture media technique is still considered the gold standard in detecting M. tuberculosis. The current study was designed to evaluate the comparative efficacies of GeneXpert and the solid culture media technique in identifying MTB. Sputum samples of 250 (n=250) suspected tuberculosis (TB) patients were investigated using both diagnostic techniques. The results revealed that out of the 250 suspected patients, 30 (12%) samples were positive with the culture media technique, while only 17 (6.8%) samples showed positive results with GeneXpert. Culture tests and GeneXpert are not equally efficient in detecting M. tuberculosis. The current study's findings showed that the culture-based detection method for M. tuberculosis is more efficient and reliable than GeneXpert.

Picture fuzzy set is characterized by neutral membership function along with the membership and non-membership functions, and is, therefore, more general than the intuitionistic fuzzy set which is only characterized by membership and non-membership functions. In this paper, first, we are going to point out a drawback and try to fix it by the existing trapezoidal picture fuzzy number. Furthermore, we define an $LR$ flat picture fuzzy number, which is a generalization of trapezoidal picture fuzzy numbers. We also discuss a linear programming model with $LR$ flat picture fuzzy numbers as parameters and variables and present a method to solve these type of problems using a generalized ranking function.

In this research article, new fuzzy K-algebras, namely, spherical fuzzy K-algebras and $(in, in vee q)$-spherical fuzzy K-algebras are constructed. Certain properties of these spherical fuzzy K-structures are investigated. The behavior of spherical fuzzy K-algebras under homomorphism is characterized. The spherical fuzzy K-algebra with thresholds is also delineated.

The preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE) {constitutes a family of outranking} multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods {that has been adopted by researchers from many areas during} the last years.It provides reliable and clear results {thanks to the} advantages of different types of preference functions.{In this paper, we incorporate the benefits of $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy set (for short, $q$-ROFS) in this strategy of solution.} {This model, $q$-ROFS, is a generalized form of Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS)}, as it {broadens} the space of acceptable orthopairs and {has} an ability to deal with more elaborate and vague information.The technique of {our extension of the} PROMETHEE method {uses} $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers to {render} the ratings of alternatives, {which allows us} to express {uncertain and vague information more accurately}.The usual criterion preference function {has} been used to measure the preferences of {the} alternatives.A partial ordering of alternatives is obtained by considering the outgoing and incoming flows of alternatives, which is known as PROMETHEE I.Furthermore, a complete ordering is accomplished by taking into account the procedure of PROMETHEE II.As a numerical {exercise, we consider the selection of a contractor for a construction project}.{A full analysis} is performed {to illustrate the application of the technique that stems from our approach}.{Then we compare the results that we obtain with the results from existing approaches, including $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy ELECTRE, $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy TOPSIS, $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy VIKOR and $q$-rung orthopair fuzzy aggregation operators.In this way the accuracy and effectiveness of the presented work is conclusively validated}.

In this paper, we introduce and study a generalized Yosida approximation operator associated to H(·, ·)-co-accretive operator and discuss some of its properties. Using the concept of graph convergence and resolvent operator, we establish the convergence for generalized Yosida approximation operator. Also, we show an equivalence between graph convergence for H(·, ·)-co-accretive operator and generalized Yosida approximation operator. We also furnish an illustrative example to demonstrate our results. Furthermore, we suggest an iterative algorithm to solve a Yosida inclusion problem under some mild conditions in q-uniformly smooth Banach space and discuss the convergence and uniqueness of the solution.

Multi-criteria group decision-making is a process in which decision makers assess the performance of alternatives on the basis of conflicting criteria to opt the most worthy alternative as solution. TOPSIS and ELECTRE are effective and commonly used methods to solve multiple criteria decision-making problems. The aim of this study is to propose two new models, namely, complex Pythagorean fuzzy TOPSIS (CPF-TOPSIS) method and complex Pythagorean fuzzy ELECTRE I (CPF-ELECTRE I) method, to tackle multiple criteria group decision-making problems comprising complex Pythagorean fuzzy data. In these methods, we compare complex Pythagorean fuzzy numbers on the basis of their score functions. We use revised closeness index for the ranking of alternatives in CPF-TOPSIS method. {In complex Pythagorean fuzzy concordance and discordance sets, we compare the alternatives on being superior and inferior to other alternatives on the basis of score degree, accuracy degree and indeterminacy. In CPF-ELECTRE I method, we use outranking decision graph to obtain the best alternative.} We illustrate the structure of both methods with the help of flow charts. To verify the accuracy of {proposed methods}, we present an explanatory example for selection of best interior designer for a hotel renovation. {We authenticate the proposed techniques by providing a brief comparative analysis of these methods with existing methods}.

Evaluating drainage systems, exploring their strengths and weaknesses, provides a comprehensive perspective to designers and organizers for optimum design and implementation of guidelines for the future. This study was conducted at an experimental site consisting of three plots on a subsurface drainage network under operation in Behshahr, a coastal region in northern Iran. To evaluate system performance,discharge rates from laterals and the depth of water table between laterals were monitored for a period of three months during the autumn. A second degree equation similar to the Hooghoudt formula was developed to show the relation between the hydraulic head and discharge rate. This equation was used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity (K) and equivalent depth (d) of the impermeable layer. The obtained K for the three plots ranged from 1.4 to 2.4 md-1, which was greater than the design value. This analysis also showed that the laterals were placed on the permeable layer. The Glover-Dumm equation was used to show the rate of water table fall and to calculate the specific yield () S y and reaction factor (α). Based on these results, the actual α was 8%, which is greater than the design value of 4%, and the average S y obtained was 5.7%, compared to the design value of 7.7%. From these results, it can be concluded that the lateral spacing was overestimated.

By evaluating the performance of the current drainage systems and exploration of their strengths and weaknesses a comprehensive perspective can be given to designers and organizers for optimum design and implementation of drainage systems for future plans. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of subsurface drainage systems using rice husk as envelope in Behshahr, a coastal region in the northern part of Iran. For this purpose, eleven piezometers were installed between two subsurface drains designated as S3PD14 and S3PD15. Subsurface drainage system was monitored during rainfall seasons in 1383 and 1385. Parameters such as daily water table fluctuations and drain discharge rate were recorded. The overall conclusion was that subsurface drainage system performance was not satisfactory due to poor control of water table depth and low water discharge, which was mainly because of the drain envelope clogging. Therefore, the Hooghoudt’s equation should not be used for evaluation of design parameters, due to the fact that this equation is only valid for normal conditions (envelope without clogging).