m.b. rezaee

Quality and quantity of medicinal plants essential oils is significantly influenced under biological and ecological factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the active ingredient of Anthemis wiedemanniana Holub (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) In its different habitats in West Azerbaijan province at different growth stages. For this purpose, the main habitats of this plant in West Azerbaijan province (Qiz Ghaleh of Miandoab, Rajan, Oshnavieh, Qushchi and Anhar) and during three growth stages, including vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting, were identified in 2019. Then the aerial branches of this plant were harvested in each habitat. Essential oil extraction was performed using Clevenger apparatus and essential oils were analyzed using GC and GC/MS apparatus. Data were statistically analyzed in a completely randomized design with four replications. The highest amount of essential oil of apical shoots was obtained at the three stages of vegetative, flowering and fruit stage from Qiz Ghaleh of Miandoab, which was 0.70, 0.88 and 0.75%, respectively. Cluster analysis divided the studied habitats into two groups. Grouping of populations by cluster analysis showed that genetic diversity and geographical origin can be the reason for grouping the population of the south of the province (Qiz Galeh of Miandoab) in a separate group from the population of the north of the province (Oshnavieh , Anhar, Qushchi and Rajan). According to the results of this study, in order to obtain more active ingredient of essential oil, Miandoab habitat was the superior habitat and in order to obtain essential oil compounds with valuable medicinal properties, such as caryophyllene oxide, eudsemol and isoaromodendron, sampling of Oshnavieh, Qushchi and Anhar habitats in the vegetative growth stage; High levels of farnesene, Miandoob habitat in vegetative growth stage and high amount of T-cadinol and beta- Sesqui Phellandrene compounds, Rajan and Miandoab habitats in fruiting stage are recommended.

The compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation and hydrodistillation), the percentage of oils for flower were 0/17% and 0.25% respectively, and calculated on the dry weight, and analysis by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents determined by hydrodistillation method in flower were p–cymene (33.3%), terpinolene (11.2%) and a-thujene (10.9%) and by steam distillation method in flower were p – cymene (22.1%), germacrene B (11%) and terpinolene (9.8%), respectively.

The volatile constituents of Anthemis kotschyanaBoiss. Var. discoides (Bornm.) Grierson were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In this study samples were collected from west Azarbaigan province between Orumieh and Shahpur on lat May 2003. According to literature, this species was not the subject of research up to now and therefore its chemical composition is not well known. The major constituents of Anthemis kotschyanaBoiss. Var. discoides (Bornm.) Grierson from flower head were b-acorenol (11.9%), artemisia alcohol (9.4%), ethyl hexanoate (8.8%) and n-nonadecane (5.6%).

The genus of mentha is one of the most important of medicinal plant which is used in pharmaceutical and food industries . In this research our aim is  study on methods of extraction and its effects on content and constituents of essential oils from Mentha x piperita L.  Samples were collected from Alborz research center (Medicinal plant research farm , in Karadj city), and then only leaves seperated and dried on laboratory condition , and essential oils extracted by different apparatus of steam distillation method (apparatus planed by Jaimand – Rezaee, plan –1 and plan –2 ) essential oils content were 0.16% and 0.22% yield respectively. The essential oils samples analyzed by GC and GC/MS . the major constituents in plan-1 were : isomenthol 41.5% , isomenthone 17.5% , (E)-b-ocimene 7.8% and carvacrol 7.8%, and in plan –2  were isomenthone 28.6% , carvacrol 13.8% , (E) - b -ocimene 8.4% and pulegone 7.4% . Now you can observed type of apparatus for extraction, can be one of the factors on quantitative isolation in essential oils.

The volatile constituents from roots rhizoms of valeriana sisymbriifolia Vahl were collected from three different localities in Iran and the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation method, the three samples yielded were Hamedan sample (0.08%), Este Azarbaijan sample (0.31%) and Esfehan sample (0.26%) (V/W) essential oil on a dry weight basis, and analyzed  by GC and GC/MS. The main components on Hamedan sample were a-pinene (14%), borneol (11.5%) and bornyl acetate (6.4%), Azarbaijan sample were a-pinene (16.6%), borneol (9.7%), b - himachalene(7.3%) and spathulenol (5%) and Esfehan sample were bornyl (13.53%), g - murrolene (5.2%) and humulene epoxide II (3.5%).

Investigation on appropriate conditions for propagation of Rosa damascene was started with study of rooting in cuttings as a prerequisite to successful vegetative propagation. To do this an effort was made to propagate 55 out of 80 genotypes of this plant using stem cuttings in sand. Regular irrigation and weed control were also accomplished. Another experiment was carried out using tap water instead of sand culture for rooting of two of the above genotypes under dark or light with daily replenishment of water. Many of the tested genotypes did not root and only 7 genotypes showed rooting capacity with the rates of 50, 24, 12, 10, 6, 5, 5, and 5 percent in sand. However, rooting occurred successfully in both genotypes in tap water, none of which rooted in sand. It could be concluded from these studies that there is a wide variation in rooting potentiality between different genotypes. In addition to .the internal factors, which may differ according to genotype, external factors such as rooting media or environmental conditions can also affect rooting capability. Thus, the investigation is required to be continued in order to study the plant internal factors, their genetic control, and also external factors, which could affect adventitious root formation in the plant.