m.e. ghobadi

In order to study the ability of standard germination test to predict emergence and establishment of chickpea seedlings in field, an experiment was conducted under two conditions using thirteen seed lots of chickpea in laboratory and research field at the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, in 2012. In laboratory, thirteen seed lots of chickpea belonged to seven cultivars were planted as a randomized complete design with four replications using International Seed Testing Association methods. In this test, different indices related to seed and seedling vigor were evaluated. These seed lots were also planted under field condition in a randomized complete block design with four replications and percentage and rate of seedling emergence were evaluated. The results of analysis of variance in the laboratory test showed that seed lots differed significantly in final germination percentage, strong seedling percentage, abnormal seedling percentage, not-germinated seeds percentage, mean time germination, germination rate, germination index, seedling vigor index. Comparison of laboratory and field experiments showed that the new seed lots had higher germination characteristics than the old seed lots. Correlation between measured traits in standard germination test under laboratory condition with field condition showed that the percentage and rate of seedling emergence had higher correlation with final germination percentage, seedling strong percentage and seedling vigor index. Thus, the standard germination test had high ability for predict percentage and rate of seedling emergence in field

In order to study the effects of different waterlogging duration in growth stages ZGS11, ZGS13 and ZGS31 on root and shoot growth of three wheat genotypes Chamran, Vee/Nac and Yavaros, a pot experiment was carried out in the Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University in 2004. The experiment was a factorial according to a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Study of root dry weight and root elongation trend showed different responses among genotypes, start of waterlogging periods and different waterlogging levels, as short period of waterlogging (10 days), had unrecoverable effects on the growth. Analysis of variance of root dry weight and root length at the anthesis and physiological maturity stages indicated significant different among all of treatments levels. Vee/Nac genotype was found superior with respect of root dry weight and root length to other genotypes. ZGS11 and ZGS31, had the highest and the lowest responses to waterlogging, respectively. Duration of 10, 20 and 30 days waterlogging at anthesis stage decreased 37.75, 44.31 and 54.01% of root dry weight, and 25.85, 47.02 and 58.88% of root length compared to control, respectively. Investigation of the root anatomy of wheat genotypes under waterlogging stress showed formation of cortical root aerenchyma as a waterlogging-resistantce mechanism.