m.h. pahlevani

The role of high molecular weight subunits of glutenin in determining the bread-making quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has caused their evaluation in storage proteins to be converted one of the most important goals for the breeders. The chromosomal arm 1RS of rye (Secale cereale L.) carries genes for resistance to pests and pathogens that leads to the stability of wheat grain yield, however the 1RS arm has a negative effect on bread-making quality. In the current study, the quality scores were determined in 14 Iranian wheat cultivars, containing the 1BL.1RS wheat-rye chromosome translocation, using specific STS markers, then quality scores were adjusted due to the presence of 1BL.1RS translocation. Adjusted quality scores of cultivars were between five to seven. Moghan 3, Arta and B.C. Roshan (Winter) with the adjusted quality score of seven, had the highest score, and Mahdavi, Dez, MV17, Shirodi, Vee/Nac, Star and Rasad with the adjusted quality score of five, had the lowest score. Iranian commercial cultivar of wheat, carrying the 1BL.1RS translocation, using desirable glutenin subunits is able to partly compensate the negative effects of 1BL.1RS translocation on the flour quality and has a medum quality score. In breeding programs, it is suggested that the possible presence of rye chromosome arm 1RS in wheat genetic background and its negative effects on the flour quality should be considered because is preventing the achievement of false positive results by breeders.

Wheat is one of the oldest cultivated and the most important crop plant that has been used by humans. Success of any breeding program depends on the amount of genetic diversity. There are several methods to estimate genetic diversity such as pedigree, pattern morphological traits and molecular markers. This study was conducted to study genetic diversity among 35 bread wheat genotypes using SSR markers. Fifteen SSR primer pairs were used to explore the genetic diversity of the diverse population of bread wheat. The number of alleles observed by the fifteen markers were ranged from two to 11. The marker Xgwm190-5D had the highest number of alleles and the lowest number of alleles was associated with the markers Xcn13-6B. Average of observed alleles in the total of loci was 6/84. Wmc420 and BARC328 band amplification primers were not scored. Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.11 to 0.385 with an average of 0.22. The genetic diversity observed for the loci ranged from 0.107 to 0.357 with an average of 0.214. Based on similarity coefficients obtained from 0/90 to 0/98 percent showed similar values. The highest genetic similarity was found between genotypes from Turkey and Iran, and the lowest was observed between genotypes from Iraq and Afghanistan. Based on the results, the highest Cophenetic coefficient (r= 0/73) was observed when the Jacard method and UPGMA algorithm were used to create similarity matrix and to draw the dendrogram, respectively. Therefore, the dendrogram resulted of this method was considered for clustering. Cluster delineating the genotypes into four groups.