فهرست مطالب madjid momeni moghaddam

This study explores the impact of Lucilia sericata maggots on the development and eradication of biofilms created by the pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

We assessed the influence of Lucilia sericata maggot extract on the viability of planktonic bacteria, the formation and disruption of biofilms, bacterial metabolic activity. Also the effect of simultaneous ES-antibiotic treatment in biofilm elimination was investigated. Additionally, the expression levels of genes associated with biofilm formation, namely LasI, psLA, agrA, and icaD was studied.

The results showed that ES can reduce the viability of planktonic S. aureus, significantly. Furthermore, ES of larvae fed on S. aureus-infected meat displayed the most substantial inhibition of biofilm formation (62.11% and 75.04% inhibition for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively). A similar trend was observed in biofilm destruction, with values of 56.67% and 68.50% inhibition for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The simultaneous application of ES of larvae that fed on S. aureus-infected meat and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin resulted in 100% inhibition of biofilm formation by S. aureus. Notably, the group treated with ES of larvae fed on S. aureus-infected meat exhibited the most significant reduction in metabolic activity, with values of 95.03% and 68.25% for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The expression of LAsI and pslA genes in P. aeruginosa and the expression of agrA and icaD genes in S. aureus has decreased

The findings of this study demonstrate that maggot extract has not only impacted the formation, but also eliminated the biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant liver–specific miRNA. It has been reported that miR-122 plays several biological roles such as iron homeostasis, tumor suppressor, hepatic fatty acid regulation, and in hepatocyte differentiation. The Purpose of this study was to investigate changes in liver miR-122 gene expression and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes after resistance training and boldenone undecylenate (boldenone) steroid injection in male rats.

Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (n=5), resistance training (n=5), resistance training+ boldenone injection (n=5), and boldenone injection (n=5). Resistance training was performed three sessions a week for eight weeks. Boldenone was injected twice per week (2mg/kg). Seventy-two hours after last training, blood and tissue samples were collected. Serum levels of ALT and AST were measured via photometric method and miR-122 gene expression in the liver was assessed by real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS V16.

Reduced expression of liver miR-122 was found in boldenone group, while the expression of miR-122 was higher in resistance training group, however, the difference was not significant (P= 0.514). Also, no significant difference was found in serum AST and ALT levels between the experimental groups (P= 1.00 and P= 0.527, respectively).

In this study, liver miR-122 responded differently to resistance training and boldenone injection. However, clear understanding of its mechanism requires further studies.

Wound healing is a complex biological process in which many molecules, including microRNA molecules, play an essential role in its regulation. It is well-established that reducing miR-155 expression can accelerate wound healing. This study investigated the effect of using nanoparticles loaded with vitamin C on miR-133, collagen I, and III expressions. In this study, first, nanoparticles of albumin protein were produced and then loaded with vitamin C. 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells were affected by these nanoparticles, and cell behavior was investigated to evaluate the toxicity and appropriate doses. In addition, the expression of collagen I and III genes was studied. The results showed that nanoparticles containing vitamin C in 20 µg/ml concentration had a positive effect on collagen I and III expressions compared to the control group. Moreover, we observed a decrease in the expression of miR-133 in comparison to the control group. Therefore, according to the results of this study, it can be argued that nanoparticles containing vitamin C can significantly decrease the expression of the miR-133 gene and lead to collagen I and III gene overexpression in fibroblasts cells, which is directly effective in wound healing.

The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases has a long history dating back to the presence of humans on earth. Cancer has almost been an incurable disease, and among the various cancers, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and imposes an enormous burden on patients. Although medical and surgical solutions have been proposed for the disease, it has not been successful enough to treat the disease in many patients. In recent years, more studies have been done on the effects of medicinal plants on breast cancer, and scientists are trying to find the exact mechanisms of action for these plants to find effective ways for controlling cancer cell growth.  This article focuses on P53 and MDM2, two very important genes involved in regulation of cell growth and proliferation both in cancer and normal tissue, and we also gathered the list of natural compounds targeting the MDM2-p53 pathway. Our results provide a list of plant families that can influence this pathway and have great potential in designing treatments against cancers that encompass deregulation of the MDM2-p53 pathway.

Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been applied to modulate various immune-mediated conditions. Prolonged culture of MSCs in vitro reduces their therapeutic efficacy. Pretreatment of the cells with some chemical agents during in vitro expansion could overcome this limitation. This study intended to determine whether pretreatment of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) with Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), a glycoprotein hormone, and Vitamin E, an antioxidant, will improve their immunomodulatory ability. In this regard, ASCs were harvested from human processed lipoaspirate. LPS-induced ASCs were preconditioned with 1 mg of hCG and 600 µM of vitamin E for 24h. TSG-6, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 were assessed at the mRNA level in preconditioned and control groups. ASCs were also co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro to determine the functionality of these cells. Results showed that hCG and vitamin E significantly downregulate the pro-inflammatory COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression, while they did not significantly increase TSG-6 expression. Besides, the co-culturing of pretreated ASCs with PBMCs demonstrated that the amount of PBMCs in treated groups (with hCG and vitamin E) was significantly lower than in control groups. These findings revealed that the preconditioning of ASCs with hCG and vitamin E might enhance their immunoregulatory capacity.

Creating wounds from simple to advanced and from acute to chronic is one of the problems that mankind has faced for a long time. Over the past half century, with the discovery of antibiotics, human ability to manage wounds has improved much more than before, but antibiotic resistance has become a serious problem in recent decades, especially for chronic wounds, and therefore different therapeutic approaches are needed. Larval therapy is an old method that requires molecular cellular research and recognition and confirmation of its function can lead to the development of new drugs. In this study, the larvae of Lucilia sericata were first prepared and extracted, and then the extract was affected on fibroblast cells and molecular cellular studies were performed. The results indicate that TNF-α gene expression was 8 times higher in the control sample. The expression of SMAD-2 gene was 6 times higher in the control sample than in the control sample. TGF-β gene expression in the treated sample was 4 times that of the control sample. Given the additive effect on fibroblast growth and molecular confirmation of the above genes, it is suggested that this extract has the potential to heal wounds.

species (ROS)) and antioxidants in cells. Several studies have shown that there is a close relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation at the sites of injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants generated during their ex vivo expansion or following in vivo transplantation. α-tocopherol (vitamin E) is a fat-soluble compound known for its anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory properties. In many studies, the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin E have been observed in vivo. This study aimed to determine whether pretreatment of MSCs with antioxidants like vitamin E, will enhance the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of these cells. For this purpose, adiposederived MSCs (ASCs) were treated with vitamin E (600 µM) for 48 h. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiments were performed to evaluate the expression of genes related to inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-10) or immunomodulation (TSG-6, COX-2, TDO2, TGF-β1). Results indicated that vitamin E significantly increased the expression of COX-2, TSG-6, and IL-1β genes at the mRNA level compared with the control group, while it significantly decreased IL-6 and TGF-β expressions. No effect was observed for IL-17, IL-10, and TDO2 genes. These results suggest that in vitro preconditioning of ASCs with vitamin E may allow the cells to improve their anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory capacities. Vitamin E pretreatment could lead to the improvement of their therapeutic abilities in conditions that are influenced by oxidative stress.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as one of the most important types of adult stem cells secrete a variety of immunomodulatory cytokines. However, their immunomodulatory features strongly depend on the molecular cross-talk between cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Hence, some strategies were proposed to empower their beneficial effects during cell-therapeutic procedures to avoid confusing results. Licensing the cells with chemical compounds could be considered as one of the most applicable methods for induction of anti-inflammatory status in the cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a pregnancy related hormone which has been shown to be essential for the establishment of a successful pregnancy. HCG supports the implantation of fetus in the maternal endometrium, due to its immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, the regulatory role of hCG has been previously mentioned in case of some autoimmune-based diseases. In the present study, the capacity of this hormone for induction of different immuneencountered genes expression was examined in primary cultures of human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs). In this regard, Ad-MSCs were exposed to 10 IU of hCG for 72 hours. Molecular studies via quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments were performed to detect gene expression modifications based on the application of SYBR Green as the fluorescent dye and in comparison to the RPLP0 as the housekeeping gene. Results confirmed that hCG significantly upregulated TSG-6, TGF-β1, IL-1β and IL-6 expression levels comparing with the control group, while it downregulates COX-2 expression, and had no statistically significant effects on IL-10 and TDO2. In conclusion, priming Ad-MSCs with hCG may enhance the proliferation and immunoregulatory potential of these cells, although it needs further investigations to reveal involved molecular pathways.

Collagen synthesis can help to heal wounds, especially Large wounds. Any treatments that can stimulate collagen synthesis in fibroblasts can accelerate wound repair, so it has clinical value. Stem cells secrete some macromolecules and signals that can have different effects in other cells.

In this study, human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and their medium supernatant was harvested as a medium containing the signal. After determining concentration, they were exposed to mouse fibroblasts. The cell viability was examined and then in the molecular section, by designing specific primers, three The collagen gene was evaluated by Real-Time PCR.

The results indicated a growth-promoting effect using the amount of 20 μg /ml of stem cells conditioned media in the culture medium of fibroblast cells. It was also found in the molecular section, that this concentration could increase the expression of all three selected collagen genes.Discussion and

The results of this study fully confirmed the initial goals, indicating the high power of mesenchymal stem cells in the induction of collagen synthesis, and thus could be a very good candidate for clinical studies.

Galectin-1 and superoxide dismutase are two known molecules in the wound healing process that induce such healing by different mechanisms in the wound site. Larval therapy is one of the methods use by Lucilia sericata fly larvae, nowadays returned to the list of therapeutic methods despite chronic diabetic ulcers and antibiotic resistance of bacteria. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of larvae extract on fibroblast cells to determine its role in the levels of Galectin-1 and superoxide dismutase proteins in fibroblast cells. To determine proteomic changes, 3T3 fibroblast cells were treated with larval extract, 3T3 fibroblast cells were cultured and divided into two groups after appropriate density. The first group was considered as control and the second group was treated with larvae extract at a concentration of 12.5 μg/ml. After 24 hours, the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis method for protein level and real-time PCR for gene expression studies were used. In 2D gel testing, three spots were successfully identified including galectin-1, superoxide dismutase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The expression of these three proteins was significantly increased in the cells treated with larvae extract compared to the control cells. Also, the quantitative expression of these genes was confirmed by real-time PCR. Finally, it was found that the treatment of fibroblast cells with larvae extract increased expression of galectin-1, superoxide dismutase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which their positive effect on wound healing is well known.

Larval therapy refers to the use of Lucilia sericata larvae on chronic wounds, which is a successful method of chronic wounds treatment. The secretions of these larvae contain antibacterial compounds and lead to death or inhibition of bacterial growth.

In this study, we investigated the antibacterial effects of Lucilia sericata larvae secretions which were in sterilized and multi antibiotic-resistant bacteria-treated forms on Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacteria and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. In the following, we evaluated changes in gene expression of lucifensin and attacin during treatment with multi antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Investigation of the antibacterial effect was carried out using optical absorption and antibiotic disk diffusion in order to study the expression of the aforementioned genes.

The results of this study showed that E. coli-treated larvae were able to inhibit the growth of E. coli and secretions of B. subtilis-treated larvae and were also able to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis. Gene expression of antibacterial peptides in multi antibiotic-resistant bacteria-treated larvae was increased in comparison to non-treated larvae.

Due to the significant antibacterial potency of bacteria-treated larvae secretions, the secretions can be a suitable candidate as a drug against antibiotic resistant bacteria, but additional tests are required. Since the antimicrobial peptides of insects have not yet produced any resistance in human pathogenic bacteria, they can be considered as a promising strategy for dealing with resistant infections.

For 50 years, the term gene is synonymous with regions of the genome gene that coding by mRNAs and translate to protein. nonetheless, Genome wide Recent studies have revealed that regulating gene expression through degradation or translational inhibition of their point mRNAs and thus attend in a wide variety of physiological and pathological cellular processes including: development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis pathways by thousands of regulatory non coding RNA such as lncRNAs and microRNAs. According to a recent survey, it is known this RNAs have vital role in regulation cellular pathways at transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic levels. These noncoding genes are often aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers. However, the biological functions of most ncRNAs remain largely in doubt. In this review, we proved that a remarkable part of the genetic etiology of cancer is imposed by noncoding regulatory sequences. The purpose of this review is aimed to give an outlook of using of noncoding RNA as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. These observations emphasized that the recognition of coding genes and Research continued evolution and function of non-coding RNAs for a comprehensive understanding human complex diseases like cancer are essential.

Recently, the epigenetic modifications have been recognized as a regulator of gene expression in various cancers. EZH2 gene is one the most important component of the PRC2 complex. Overexpression of EZH2 was identified in multiple cancers that considered more attractive the EZH2 role as an oncogene. Some studies report that EZH2 contributes to various aspects of colorectal cancer (CRC). However accurate evaluation of the role of EZH2 in the CRC cancer requires more extensive study. In this study, we treated HCT116 cells with the transduction of EZH2-shRNA. Here we observed that the expression level of EZH2 was lower in the treatment cell groups compared to control cells groups. We also found that inhibiting ezh2 induced caspase-3 gene expression, while no significant change was observed in the expression of BAX gene. Caspase-3 and BAX play a central role in the cell apoptosis. In addition, we found that downregulation of the Ezh2 gene decreased cell proliferation in CRC cells. Collectively, our results suggest that the reduced expression of Ezh2 altered the caspase-3 gene expression that could indicate the increase of apoptosis in HCT116 cells, which we suggest to direct effect on decreased cell growth. Meanwhile, suggest that EZH2 can be a useful target for therapy and poor prognosis in cancer.