madvar

 Sulforaphane with several pharmaceutical effects is an isothiocyanate which derived of glucosinolate glucoraphanin under myrosinase hydrolysis activity. This glucosinolate is found in huge scale in Lepidium draba plant from the brassicaceae family.
 
In this research, sulforaphane production and the gene expression level of CYP79F1 (one of the critical enzyme in glucoraphanin biosynthesis pathway) and myrosinase were investigated in Lepidium draba seedlings under treatment with different concentrations of ZnO (0, as a control, 25, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/L).
 
 The results showed that sulforaphane content in treated seedling significantly increased in comparison with the control in the presence doses more than 100 mg/L ZnO. Based on the results, gene expression level of CYP79F1 decreased by the increase of ZnO concentration in media, and the increment was significant at the 5% level in the presence of the highest dose in compared to the control. In contrast, the myrosinase   gene expression level evaluated by increasing ZnO concentrations in media and the increment was significantly at the doses more than 500 mg/L ZnO concentration.
 
According to the results, it seems that evaluating of the sulforaphane production level in the treated seedlings is more attributed to the increased gene expression level of myrosinase which resulted in the enhanced enzyme production.

With urban developments and the aging of urban water distribution pipes their demand  for repair and maintenance is rapidly grown. There are several factors that affect the performance and leakage in water and wastewater distribution networks (Ameyaw and Chan, 2016). By increasing the water leakage from pipes and wastewater depletion from houses to the injection wells, water level under the city ground is rising and saturation condition will be created near the underground infrastructures. In recent years, local uplifting of subsurface water level in metropolises created different challenges over water and wastewater systems with multiple damage effects (Baah et al., 2015;Qiu et al., 2016).İn recent two decades, the rising of groundwater table in Kerman city have caused several challanges over the water and wasetwaer infrustructures. İn the ancint zone of the Kerman city, water level come up to 3 meter under the groundsurface and is interacted with several underground structures and basment flooding. The rising water table have several destructive  effects over the urban infrastructures. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of rising subsurface water level  in Kerman city by using an AHP based damage prioritization to depict the relative importance or urgency of a damages of water level rising over infrastructures.

HMGB4 protein which was identified in 2008 is a member of mammalian non-histone HMGB protein family. All HMGB proteins bind to DNA through two tandem DNA-binding motifs named HMG-box A and HMG-box B. HMGB proteins are known to improve the anticancer properties of platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin by high affinity binding to the platinum-DNA adducts and retarding the process of DNA excision repair. The results from previous studies have revealed in comparison with full-length HMGB1, the full-length HMGB4 binds with higher affinity to platinum-DNA lesions and inhibits the excision repair of the lesions much more efficient. It seems the hypersensitivity of testicular germ cell tumors to cisplatin is originated from strong expression of HMGB4 in this tissue. In the present work, the tertiary structure of human HMGB4 was determined using two methods based on homology modeling (MODELLER software and I-TASSER server). The results show that models created by both methods have good quality and stability. Although I-TASSER model in comparison to the modeller better explain the differences between HMGB1 and HMGB4 binding to the platinated DNA. The results obtained from the work demonstrate that HMGB4 binds to DNA by intercalating of Valine17 and Phenylalanine38 from box A and Leucine101 and Valine120 from box B between base pairs of DNA minor groove. The results also show the C-terminal part of HMGB4 possesses disordered tertiary structure. In general, the results will be helpful to understand the structure-function relationship of the protein and to design new anticancer drugs.

Isoflavonoids are a group of flavonoid compound which produced from flavanon precursors in legums¡ by isoflavone synthase (IFS) enzyme. The most important isoflavonoids finding in soybean are genistein and daidzein that have many medicinal impacts. Investigations have revealed that regularly using these compounds lowered the risk to come down with hormone-related cancers¡ besides menopausal symptoms and reduction in osteoprosis¡ balance in cholesterol bloods level¡ improving in heart-coronary diseases are benefits that are related to using these compounds. In this investigation in order to isolate isoflavone synthase¡ at first total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized¡ subsequently. IFS gene was isolated and subjected to PCR by specific primers which have the HindIII and XbaI at their 5′ ends. Subsequently¡ amplified gene after extracting on agarose gel was cloned in restriction site of XbaI/HnidIII of pET28a. At the last step¡ recombinant plasmids were approved by PCR and enzymatic digestion. Finally¡ the mentioned vector can be used either as an expression vector in prokaryotic hosts or introduced into plants by agrobacterium or gene gun-mediated transformations.

Effects of different concentrations [0, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mgL-1] of Fe3O4 and CuO nano-particles (nFe3O4 and nCuO) were investigated on sulforaphane (SFN) production level in 7-day-old seedlings of Lepidium draba at different time intervals (8 and 16 hrs). According to the results, the influence of the particles on SFN content depends on nano-particle (NP) concentrations, time of treatment as well as chemical nature of NPs. The SFN content was significantly increased in treated seedlings with 5 mgL-1nCuO and all nFe3O4 concentrations as well as nFe3O4-treated callus after 8 hrs. However, by the increasing treatment time to 16 hrs, no significant changes on the SFN content were seen compared to the control. Furthermore, activity of peroxidase was also significantly promoted in treatment with both NPs (especially at higher concentrations) after 8 hrs and drastically decreased after 16 hrs. On the other hand, seed germination as well as the root and shoot length (except root length in treatment with nFe3O4) decreased compared to the control when seed germinated and plant growth in presence of both NPs for 7 days. Totally, these observations can be attributed to induce oxidative stress by NPs as a subsequence of their uptake by the plant. The increment in production of the phytochemicals through nano-metals treatment (nano-elicitation), opens an opportunity for induction of beneficial phytochemical content.

Lepidium draba L. is a perennial weed belongs to the Brassicaceae family, contains considerably amount of glucoraphanin from glucosinolates group. Hydrolysis of this metabolite via myrosinase activity produce an isothiocyanate named sulforaphane that has various anticancer properties. It has been shown that environmental conditions such as temperature and altitude affect the biosynthesis level of secondary metabolites. In the present study, mature plants of L. draba was collected from different ecotypes of Kerman province [Mahan, Baft, Jiroft (Sardooiyeh)] and then sulforaphane content of each parts (root, leaf, flower and fruit) was measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results showed that fruits have the maximum amount of this compound, followed by flowers, leaves and roots. Also, the sulforaphane content in all organs of the plants where collected from Mahan was higher than two other cities. Based on the higher temperature and lower altitude of Mahan compared to the other cities, it deduced that these factors have significant effects on biosynthesis level of this active ingredient.

Forskolin is an effective compound found in Coleus forskohlii plant which has different therapeutic properties. In this research, production of forskolin and gene expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) were investigated in C. forskohlii plant after treatment with different concentrations of copper elicitor (0; as control, 4, 8 and 16 µM) for 16 hours. Results showed that forskolin concentration is increased up to 8 µM in such a way that the concentration can be estimated 1.5 fold more than the control sample, which consisted with changes of DXR gene expression level. It has been proved that excess concentration of copper, causes triggering of reactive oxygen species that directly or mediated through others signaling molecules induce gene expression level of defensive system. Considering the defensive role of diterpens, it is proposed that increase in DXR gene expression level by copper elicitor leads to increase in forskolin concentration as protective compound against stresses.

Lemon balm(Mellissa offisinalis L.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family with medicinal properties such as anti-bacterial, anti-depressants, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-viral effects. The most pharmacological effects of this plant are related to its active ingredient, rosmarinic acid. In this research, the effects of different concentration of elicitors, yeast extract (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mL) and copper (0, 4, 8 and 16 μM) at different time intervals (4, 8 and 16 h) were investigated on rosmarinic acid and total flavonoid contents in 30-day-old seedlings of lemon balm greenhouse conditions. Results showed a significant effect of yeast extract on rosmarinic acid production, especially after 4 and 8 hours of treatment with this elicitor. The highest amount of this compound was observed in seedlings treated with 1 mg/mL of this elicitor. On the other hand, copper elicitor at all used concentrations and the duration time of treatment (except for 4 μM for 16 hours) significantly increased rosmarinic acid production, so that this elicitor at concentration of 8 µM for 8 hours treatment could induce rosmarinic acid level about 7-fold. It seems that the elevated level of this active ingredient under treatment with these elicitors is due to the induction of reactive oxygen radicals and jasmonic acid biosynthesis and subsequently expression of some genes involving in rosmaric acid biosynthesis.

Due to the current conditions on the arid and semiarid climates such as the lack of rainfall and high evaporation rate, the correct and efficient management of available water resources is inevitable. Management of groundwater resources as the most frequently used source of exploitable water is one the necessities of modern research. In this study, using quantitative data observation wells and meteorological parameters of Ramhormozplain in Khuzestan province during the 7-years period, performance of the Gamma Test evaluated and compare the accuracy of least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models to estimate water-table was discussed. Initially, using the Gamma Test among the parameters affecting the water table, input parameters for groundwater table estimation modeling of 127 certain combinations was optimized. The 5 better combinations with the least amount of Gamma Statistic than other combinations were obtained. Then, optimal combinations were evaluated using least squares support vector machine with different kernel functions and artificial neural network. Results of 4 combination showed accurate performance of LS-SVMRBF model that the optimal combination of LSSVM model with RBF kernel function has parameters of RBF function (2=4.99) and performance parameters such as (R2=0.999, RMSE=0.3401) than ANN model was and also represents the gamma test was optimized processing.

Organic solvent-tolerant bacteria are relatively novel extermophilic microorganisms, which can produce organic tolerant protease with capacity of being used in industrial biotechnology for producing high-value compounds. Therefore, finding of these bacteria has drawn much researchers attention nowadays. In this project, samples were collected from a hot spring, located in Jiroft. Samples were incubated in medium supplemented with cyclohexane and toluene for 3 days. Screening of protease producing bacteria was performed on the specific media, SKM (Skim milk agar), based on clear area diameter. The best bacterium was identified based on 16s rDNA gene. Protease activity was considered in different temperatures, pH and organic solvents. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree results showed that this bacteria was closely related to Bacillus niacini, with 97% homology. Enzymatic studies showed that, this enzyme was active at a wide range of temperatures, 20-90 °C and it,s optimal activity was in 60 °C. In addition, maximum protease activity was obtained in the 8-9 range of pH, and optimal stability was also at pH 9.0. Protease activity in the presence of methanol, toluene, isopropanol, cyclohexane and DMF ‏showed that, remaining activity was at least 80% compared to the control (without organic solvent) Discussion and Thermopilic capacity, being active in alkaline protease and high protease stability in the presence of organic solvents all herald a remarkable application for using in different industries.

The negative and positive effects of alumina nanoparticles have been reported for various plant species, while the mechanism that brings about these effects has not yet been clearly understood. Here, the effects of different concentrations of nano-scale alumina on growth and enzymatic antioxidant system of wheat seedlings are investigated. The results show while root growth is affected by the nanoparticles (NPs), other morphological properties including seed germination, shoot length, and dry biomass were the same as the control plants’ properties. This can be attributed to selective permeability of seed coats which confronts roots with excess in the NPs and low rate in transportation of this material to the shoot. Interestingly, while root elongation was significantly improved in both treatments of 50 and 1000 mg/L nano-scale alumina, length of the roots were measured slightly lower than control in cases of 200 and 500 mg/L treatments. Additionally, the activity of superoxidase dismutase and catalase were elevated for treatments of 200 and 500 mg/L while growth of the roots was apparently decreased and the uptake of aluminum by the roots was more than the uptake for other concentrations. However, due to the potential retarding of alumina nanoparticles on root growth for some plant species, it seems that the activity of antioxidant enzymes which reduces the level of free radicals (O˙-, H2O2) is responsible for reducing phytotoxicity effects of these particles on seedlings. In conclusion, it is proposed that oxidative damage can be introduced as a way of inducing toxicity in plants through the uptake of nanoparticles.