mahani

Chronic usage of morphine elicits the production of inflammatory factors by glial cells andinduces neuroinflammation. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) is a medicinal herb that has antiinflammatory properties. It has been reported that ginger shows anti-addictive effects against chronic usageof morphine; however, its influence on morphine-induced neuroinflammation has not yet been clarified. Morphine (12 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally for 6 consecutive days. To evaluate theeffect of ginger on morphine-induced neuroinflammation, ginger extract (100 mg/kg) was given orally 30minutes before morphine. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) levels were assayed by immunoblotting in the rat nucleus accumbens (NAcc). The injection of chronic morphine increased the levels of proteins involved in neuroinflammation(p38 MAPK and GFAP) in NAcc. Furthermore, the levels of p38 MAPK and GFAP significantly returned tothe control levels by ginger extract. The results suggest that the ginger extract can reduce morphine-induced neuroinflammation in NAcc.

The protective effect of regular running on sleep deprivation (SD)-induced cognitive impairment has been revealed. In this study, we focused on the effects of regular exercise, sleep deprivation and both of them together on the microRNA-1b (miR-1b) expression and their relation to the behavioral parameters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. We used ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. The exercise program was mild-moderate treadmill training for 4 weeks. 72 hr SD was achieved using the multiple platform method and the spatial learning and memory parameters have been evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The levels of studied genes were quantified by real-time PCR. SD down-regulated pri-miR-1b, miR-1b (P˂0.05), and BDNF mRNA (P˂0.01) in the hippocampus. Furthermore, female rats under exercise conditions showed significant up-regulation of the miR-1b and BDNF mRNA (P˂0.001). In addition, miR-1b positively correlated with cognitive function (P˂0.05) and BDNF mRNA (P˂0.01). Our data demonstrated that regular treadmill exercise could reverse the down-regulation of hippocampal miR-1b, which has a probable role in the SD-induced cognitive impairment.

To investigate the protective effect of preconditioning with non-toxic dose of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a possible cell signaling molecule, against cell death induced by toxic concentration of H2O2 or by serum deprivation in human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HWJ-MSCs) and underlying mechanisms. HWJ-MSCs were isolated and identified using flow cytometry. After finding non-toxic concentration of H2O2, cells preconditioning was performed by H2O2 (20 μM) for 12 h and cell tolerance against serum deprivation or toxic levels of H2O2 was assayed by MTT test. Effect of preconditioning on mRNA and protein expression of Akt-1, Bcl-2 and Bax were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting respectively. Role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was explored in presence HIF-1α inhibitor. Preconditioning with 20 μM H2O2 for 12 h was non-toxic and decreased cell death induced by oxidative stress and serum deprivation in MSC cultures. However, the increased tolerance reversed in the presence of inhibitor of HIF-1α. By regards to RT-PCR and western blotting data, although expression of Akt-1, Bcl-2 and Bax was not change considerably but phosphorylated Akt-1 (pAkt-1) was up regulated after treatment with 20 μM H2O2 compared to control group. Moreover after exposure to 100 μM H2O2, western blotting analysis showed that cell pretreatment with 20 μM H2O2, decremented Bax/Bcl2 ratio and up-regulated HIF-1α and pAkt-1 compared to the control group. Increased tolerance of H2O2-pretreated cells led to the suggestion that transplantation of H2O2 preconditioned MSCs may improve therapeutic potential of stem cells in cell therapy procedures.

The positive effects of exercise on brain function and increased expression of neuronal growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor or (BDNF), have been proven. To the further investigate the molecular mechanisms of these changes, As well as knowing that miR-10b is one of the BDNF expression regulators, the effect of exercise on the relative expression of miR-10b (microRNA-10) in female rats was evaluated. Since they have shown in previous studies, Exercise through the interaction with estrogen hormone increases the expression of BDNF, The effect of exercise on the expression of miR-10b in rats without ovarian was also measured. In this study, 42 female Wistar rats were selected and divided into two groups: intact and without ovarian. The rats without ovarian have spent ovariectomy surgery and were used in the experiments after a month. The exercise protocol was four weeks running on the treadmill. Real time PCR was used to determine the relative expression of miR-10b in the hippocampus of rats. The expression of miR-10b in the Sham-exercise group didn’t show any significant difference as compared to the control group in both intact and OVX rats. Compulsive exercise with treadmill did not make any significant changes in the expression of this gene in both types intact and OVX rats (P ˃0.05). But the BDNF expression of OVX rats was significantly increased (P ˂0.05). In fact, there was no correlation between miR-10b expression and exercise-induced BDNF expression changes. Conclusion: In fact, this study failed to prove the association of expression of miR-10b with the increase of BDNF expression which is the result of the interaction of exercise and estrogen hormone and this miRNA can’t be as a regulator of BDNF expression.

BDNF is a critical regulator of the cognitive functions of the brain. According to the modulatory role of BDNF in the chronic pain state, this study focused on changes in BDNF expression in the hippocampus and anxiety-like behavior, following an injury to the sciatic nerve. 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three subsets as neuropathic, sham, and control. The neuropathic pain was induced due to chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. Anxiety-like behavior was observed using the open field and elevated plus-maze tests. The level of BDNF was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that the pain threshold decreased two weeks after CCI. Simultaneously, there was a decrease in the BDNF levels (P < 0.001, F = 15. 03). In addition, the anxiety-like behaviors increased in the open field (P < 0.01, F = 25.67; P < 0.05, F = 23.02) and elevated plus-maze (P < 0.05, F = 6.01; P < 0.001, F = 5.95) tests. In the third week after CCI, the increased pain threshold was accompanied by an increase in the level of BDNF, latency to leave the first quadrant, number of rearing behaviors (P < 0.05, F = 26.07, F = 24.04), and time spent in open arms (P < 0.05, F = 5.30) while time spent in closed arms decreased (P < 0.05, F = 4.70). Alteration in BDNF expression is involved in CCI-induced anxiety-like behavior.

In this report, a rare case of pregnancy in a mouse without mating and during breastfeeding is presented. Out-bred NMRI mice were prepared for mating. Two female mice without superovulation were caged with one male. The next morning, vaginal plaque was not detected; therefore, females were kept in the cage with the same male for 4 more days. One of the females delivered 4 offspring: one female and three males. This female conceived again without mating, 21 days after the first delivery and during the breastfeeding period and this time delivered 16 offspring: 13 males and 3 females. The more likely explanation for this rare, second parturition is embryonic diapause.

Learning and memory requires a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent phase in the hippocampus. It has been reported that chronic pain decreases hippocampal BDNF levels. We have also previously reported that noxious stimulation of the rat tooth pulp impairs learning and memory. Therefore, we decided to find the changes in the hippocampal BDNF expression which are associated with tooth pain and learning and memory impairment. Dental pulp nociception was induced by intradental injection of capsaicin (100μg) in male Wistar rats. BDNF expression levels were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. The data indicated that capsaicin elicited pain behaviors and impaired learning and memory in Morris water maze test. The protein and mRNA levels of BDNF were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in capsaicin-treated rats as compared with control animals. Furthermore, iboprofen (120mg/kg, ip) treatment caused a significant (P<0.05) up-regulation of the BDNF protein and mRNA in the hippocampus of capsaicin-injected animals. These findings suggest that inflammatory dental pain induces hippocampal function impairments by decreasing in BDNF expression.

The aim of this study was to evaluate anti bacterial and antibiofilm activity of PCL/gelatin nanofibers containing Lawsone against four pathogenic bacteria. Different concentrations of Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1, 4- naphthoquinone) (1, 3, 5 and 10%) were incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatin (GEL) nanofibers via electrospinning technique. Presence of Lawsone in the scaffold confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Lawsone loaded scaffolds against clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were investigated by disc diffusion method. All scaffolds were able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and MRSA. Additionally, PCL/GEL/Lawsone 10% had bactericidal efficacy against P. mirabilis. Obtained results of the biofilm formation assay revealed that PCL/GEL/Lawsone 10% inhibited the biofilm of S. aureus, MRSA and P. mirabilis by 56%, 32%, and 15%, respectively. Due to good antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of Lawsone containing scaffolds, PCL/GEL 10% can be a good candidate for application in wound dressing patches.

Orexin A and orexin B are hypothalamic neuropeptides that have critical roles in the regulation of physiological responses such as pain. C-fos is neural activity markers in painful situations. This study was designed to evaluate the role of trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) orexin 1 receptor on capsaicin-induced orofacial pain and c-fos expression in TNC. In this experimental study, 70 male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly allocated into 10 groups: control, pain, sham surgery, sham capsaicin, surgery and pain, sham orexin A and pain, orexin A (50 pM/rat) and pain, sham SB-334867 and pain, SB-334867 (40 nM/rat) as antagonist and pain, orexin A plus SB-334867 and pain. Following cannula implantation and recovery period, the drugs were administration 20 min before capsaicin injection. C-fos expression in TNC was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The capsaicin-injected rats showed a significant pain behavior and expression c-fos (p<0.001). Orexin A significantly inhibited capsaicin-induced pain and decreased c-fos expression (p<0.001). Pretreatment with SB-334867 could prevent the effects of orexin A. SB-334867 alone exaggerated capsaicin-induced pain responses. The level of c-fos was high in SB-334867–treated rats some as capsaicin group. SB-334867 could partially inhibit the effect of orexin A on c-fos orexin A expression.

The current study was designed to understand the destructive effects of mancozeb on BTB in an in vitro model. Material and Methods: Male mice were gavage- administered MZB (250, 500 mg/kg w. w) for 40 consecutive days. Integrity of BTB was evaluated using Evans blue dye. The relative mRNA expression of BTB- associated genes; including N- cadherin, claudin-11 and zonula occludens-1 was investigated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in different groups (qRT-PCR). Concentration of Evans Blue dye in the lumen of seminiferous tubules was increased in mancozeb-treated animals. The mRNA expression levels of N-cadherin, claudin-11 and zonula occludens-1 genes were decreased significantly in the MZB 500 mg/kg group compared with the control group. According to the obtained data, it could be concluded that mancozeb increase BTB permeability leading to testicular dysfunction by the alteration of BTB-associated genes.

G-proteins have an important role in the cell signaling of numerous receptors. The situation of G-proteins in health and disease and their critical role in the development of diabetic side effects is an interested scientific field. Here, the changes in the expression of G-protein subunits (Gαi, Gαs and Gβ) were evaluated in hyperglycemic situation of PC12 cells as a cellular model for the induction of diabetic side effect.
Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells were grown in normal or high-glucose (4X normal glucose) medium. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) studied using fluorescence spectrophotometry. RT-PCR and immunobloting were performed to evaluate the expression of specific G-protein subunits in the levels of mRNA and protein, respectively.
In high glucose condition (100 mM glucose for 48h), the cell viability was significantly decreased and intracellular ROS increased. In addition, Gαi expression level was significantly decreased in hyperglycemic PC12 cells. However, the levels of Gαs and Gβ mRNAs and their proteins were not altered in high glucose-treated cells.
The results demonstrate that deregulation or disruption in the signaling of Gai coupled receptors can be occurred in hyperglycemic condition.

Ducrosia anethifolia (Dc.) is a medicinal odor plant contains CNS effective compounds which has been used in Iranian traditional medicine. This study was done to determine the effect of Ducrosia anethifolia (Dc.) Boiss essential oil on spatial learning and memory in adult male rats.
In this experimental study, 35 wistar adult male rats were randomly allocated into the five groups (n=7) including: control, sham (injected vehicle) and Ducrosia anethifolia (Dc.) Boiss essential oil groups 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5ml/kg/bw, intraperitonally during four days. Morris water maze test was used to assess learning and memory.
Ducrosia anethifolia (Dc.) Boiss essential oil (0.5 ml/kg/bw) was significantly increased escape latency in the second and third (P Intraperental administration of the Ducrosia anethifolia (Dc.) Boiss essential oil at doses of 0.5 and 0.25 ml/kg/bw during four days can improves spatial learning and memory in adult male rats.

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is widely used in cell culture laboratories, risk of zoonotic infections and allergic side effects create obstacles for its use in clinical trials. Therefore, an alternative supplement with proper inherent growth-promoting activities is demanded.

To find FBS substitute, we tested human umbilical cord blood serum (hUCS) for proliferation of human umbilical cord matrix derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (hBM-MSCs).

Umbilical cord blood of healthy neonates, delivered by Caesarian section, was collected and the serum was separated. hUC-MSCs and hBM-MSCs were isolated and characterized by assessment of cell surface antigens by flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation potential. The cells were then cultured in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) by conventional methods in three preparations: 1- with hUCS, 2- with FBS, and 3- without serum supplements. Cell proliferation was measured using WST-1 assay, and cell viability was assessed by trypan blue staining.

The cells cultured in hUCS and FBS exhibited similar morphology and mesenchymal stem cells properties. WST-1 proliferation assay data showed no significant difference between the proliferation rate of either cells following hUCS and FBS supplementation. Trypan blue exclusion dye test also revealed no significant difference for viability between hUCS and FBS groups. A significant difference was detected between the proliferation rate of stem cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium compared with serum-free medium.

Our results indicate that human umbilical cord serum can effectively support proliferation of hBM-MSCS and hUC-MSCs in vitro and can be used as an appropriate substitute for FBS, especially in clinical studies.

For thousands of years, plants have been used as the main source of drug worldwide. Recently, it has been found out that the plant Artemisia annua and especially its derivatives such as artemether have anticancer properties.
In this study, the anticancer effect of artemether on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was examined. MTT assay was used to assess the viability of cancer cells.
The data showed that artemether (100-300 nM) resulted in MCF-7 growth inhibition. Artemether plus vincristine or doxorubicin compared to each drug alone showed significant cytotoxic effects. Over 50 percent of cells were killed in combination of non-effective doses of artemether and doxorubicin (50 and 160 nM, respectively).
Taken together, the combined therapy of artemether and anticancer drugs would be a promising strategy for breast cancer but the effectiveness of such combination therapy needs to be verified by experimental and clinical investigations.

Reducing unnecessary laboratory tests is an essential issue in the Intensive Care Unit. One solution for this issue is to predict the value of a laboratory test to specify the necessity of ordering the tests. The aim of this paper was to propose a clinical decision support system for predicting laboratory tests values. Calcium laboratory tests of three categories of patients, including upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and unspecified hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract, have been selected as the case studies for this research.
In this research, the data have been collected from MIMIC-II database. For predicting calcium laboratory values, a Fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno model is used and the input variables of the model are heart rate and previous value of calcium laboratory test.
The results showed that the values of calcium laboratory test for the understudy patients were predictable with an acceptable accuracy. In average, the mean absolute errors of the system for the three categories of the patients are 0.27, 0.29, and 0.28, respectively.
In this research, using fuzzy modeling and two variables of heart rate and previous calcium laboratory values, a clinical decision support system was proposed for predicting laboratory values of three categories of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Using these two clinical values as input variables, the obtained results were acceptable and showed the capability of the proposed system in predicting calcium laboratory values. For achieving better results, the impact of more input variables should be studied. Since, the proposed system predicts the laboratory values instead of just predicting the necessity of the laboratory tests; it was more generalized than previous studies. So, the proposed method let the specialists make the decision depending on the condition of each patient.

Ducrosia anethifolia (DA) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat a wide spectrum of illnesses. DA contains a series of antioxidant compounds, including alpha-pinene, which give it a sedative and relaxing effect. In spite of these effects of DA, the effects of DA essential oil on anxiety and locomotor activity in open field tests have not yet been studied. In the present study, the effects of DA essential oil and its main component of alpha-pinene on locomotor activity and anxiety were studied using open field tests..
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of DA essential oil and its main component, alpha-pinene, on locomotor activity and anxiety behaviors using open field and antioxidant capacity tests in Wistar rats..
Sixty-three adult male Wistar rats (weighing 200 - 250 g) were divided into 9 groups: control, positive control (diazepam), essential oil treated groups (25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally, (i.p.)) and alpha-pinene groups (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg, i.p.). For precisely 30 minutes after each injection in all groups, open field tests were used to assess behaviors such as rearing, line crossing, walling, grooming, and stretched attend posturing. In addition, oxidant and antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA] and catalase [CAT]) were assessed in the rats’ temporal lobes..
DA (200 and 500 mg/kg doses) and alpha-pinene (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg doses) significantly reduced locomotor activity, whereas doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of DA failed to show such an effect. Treatment with DA and alpha-pinene resulted in a significant decrease in MDA levels and a significant increase in CAT activity in comparison to controls..
The results of this study suggest that the main component of DA (alpha-pinene) is responsible for DA’s ability to reduce locomotor activity and anxiety, which is indicative of CNS depressant activity. Moreover, it is possible that some of the motor suppression and sedation effects of the alpha-pinene in DA are due to the antioxidant capacity of this substance. However, further research and clinical evaluations are necessary to isolate and identify the other substances responsible for these activities in DA..

Background and Glial cells seem to play role in synaptic plasticity because they have the ability to release trophic factors and gliotransmitters and respond to neurotransmitters. They also play important role in synaptic space homeostasis. In this study, the role of hippocampal glial cells in baseline synaptic response and short term synaptic plasticity were investigated.
In this experimental study, flourocitrate, glia inhibitor (1nmol/0.5μl), was microinjected intrahippcampally for inhibition of hippocampal glial cells. Baseline synaptic response and short term synaptic plasticity were evaluated by field potential recording. fEPSP was recorded from CA1 following Schaffer collaterals stimulation. After Input/Output curve construction, short term synaptic plasticity was induced by paired pulse stimulations.
Inhibition of glial cells by flourocitrate microinjection in CA1 did not have any effect on baseline synaptic response (P>0.05). Flourocitrate increased paired pulse index (PPI, control: 62.80%±5.48; flourocitrate treated: 87.19%±12.11) at 20 ms inter pulse interval (P0.05).
The results suggest that hippocampal glial cells functions did not influence the baseline synaptic response but affected short term synaptic plasticity in CA1 area of the hippocampus.

Worldwide, diabetes mellitus (DM) is an ever-increasing metabolic disorder. A promising approach to the treatment of DM is the implantation of insulin producing cells (IPC) that have been derived from various stem cells. Culture conditions play a pivotal role in the quality and quantity of the differentiated cells. In this experimental study, we have applied various culture conditions to differentiate human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal cells (hUCMs) into IPCs and measured insulin production.
In this experimental study, we exposed hUCMs cells to pancreatic medium and differentiated them into IPCs in monolayer and suspension cultures. Pancreatic medium consisted of serum-free Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium Nutrient mixture F12 (DMEM/F12) medium with 17.5 mM glucose supplemented by 10 mM nicotinamide, 10 nM exendin-4, 10 nM pentagastrin, 100 pM hepatocyte growth factor, and B-27 serum-free supplement. After differentiation, insulin content was analyzed by gene expression, immunocytochemistry (IHC) and the chemiluminesence immunoassay (CLIA).
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed efficient expressions of NKX2.2, PDX1 and INSULIN genes in both groups. IHC analysis showed higher expression of insulin protein in the hanging drop group, and CLIA revealed a significant higher insulin production in hanging drops compared with the monolayer group following the glucose challenge test.
We showed by this novel, simple technique that the suspension culture played an important role in differentiation of hUCMs into IPC. This culture was more efficient than the conventional culture method commonly used in IPC differentiation and cultivation.

Uranium (VI) sorption using an anionic exchanger resin in the presence of sulfate anions, namely amberlite 910, was the subject of current study. Batch sorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of operational parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration and existence of various anions (including phosphate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, and nitrate) in the solution on amberlite 910 sorption behavior. Kinetics study revealed that the pseudo-second-order model showed better curve-fitting regression of the experimental data than the pseudo-first-order one. Freundlich isotherm was also provided well mathematical description of sorption process than the Langmuir one. It was also revealed that the existence of various anion species in the solution could strongly affect the sorption of uranium using amberlite 910 anion exchanger resin.

Educational decline among university students during the first university terms is generally observed as a reason of the big change in lifestyle and not being accustomed to dormitory atmosphere, or it can be as a result of being involved with emotional matters, due to the special age at which they enter university. This research concerns the situation of a medical student ((Mohammad)) who enters Kerman medical university with a perfect educational background and a top rank in entrance exam of university but he encounters a noticeable underachievement in educating as soon as he starts his courses at university. Mohammad who is from a relatively supportive family and has a suitable financial situation in his family, gets involved with an emotional case and its following problems and matters, facing a breakup at this stage, he is suffered with depression and severe educational decline. His family, in order to help him, acts mistakenly and it brings about bigger problems. Therefore, after finishing two university terms with conditional educational situation, he exposes with the warning of being dropped out of university.Noticing the importance of this stage of life among university students, more than the consideration of university teachers, needs the contribution of consulting center of university in an effective way. so that they can identify students with emotional conflicts that leads them toward educational underachievement, and then offering them suitable and helpful consultation aimed to help them pass this serious phase of life and moreover, how to adopt themselves with new situations, surely with having their family support as well.

Nationwide implementation of Family Physician (FP) program started in 2005 and targeted almost 25,000,000 citizens residing in rural areas and cities with less than 20,000 populations in Iran. Despite its blatant initiation that resulted in some modest achievements, the future of FP looks unclear in Iran. Thus far, no longitudinal evaluation of the implementation and impact of FP program has been conducted. However, meager evidence highlights the facilitating role of an existing and strong Primary Health Care (PHC) network in the implementation of FP in rural areas in Iran. A longstanding challenge, however, as emphasized by most stakeholders, remains to be the expansion of FP program into urban settings, where the PHC is undeveloped and fragile as well as the powerful private sector is resistant. Using an adapted conceptual framework of institutions, ideas, and interests, this policy perspective aims to shed light on main difficulties of FP implementation in urban areas of Iran. We analyze FP policy in the context of ongoing interactions and conflicts among institutions (the structures and rules that shape policies), interests (the groups and individuals influencing policy), and ideas (discourses around policies). Our argument will, we envisage, help plan for more appropriate implementation of FP in cities in Iran, and hopefully beyond.

In this study, a carbon paste electrode modified with carbon nanotubes and benzoylferrocene (BF) was used to prepare a novel electrochemical sensor. The objective of this novel electrode modification was to seek new electrochemical performances for the detection of glutathione. The response of catalytic current with glutathione concentration showed a linear relation in the range from 1.0×10−7 to 1.0×10−4 M with a detection limit of 3.0×10−8 M. Finally, this method was used for the determination of glutathione in real samples.

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus could lead to neuropathy in central and peripheral nerve tissues and one of its main signs can be hyperalgesia and motor coordination defect. Due to the blood glucose lowering effect of Thymus species and the presence of polyphenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity, in this study the effect of Thymus caramanicus jalas extract was investigated on animal model of diabetes-induced neuropJavascript:FormatThis(''B'')athy. In the present study development of hyperalgesia was examined by tail-flick and rota-rod tests, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male wistar rats (subcutaneous injection). Animals were given Thymus caramanicus jalas extract (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. The levels of blood glucose were measured at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. Blood glucose levels in diabetic animals which received Thymus extract at the doses of 150 and 100 mg/kg was reduced as compared to the pretreatment levels (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Untreated diabetic rats showed lower threshold in pain sensation and motor deficit compared with the control animals. However, tail-flick latency and ability to stay on rota-rod were significantly decreased in diabetic animals that received 100 mg/kg (p<0.01) and 150 mg/kg (p<0.001) of extract. The data show that Thymus caramanicus jalas extract has ability to reduce serum glucose levels and attenuate hyperalgesia and motor deficit induced by diabetes in rats. The mechanisms of this effect may be related to (at least in part) the attenuation of blood glucose and prevention of neural damage.