mahbobeh khorsandi

Waste separation education is very important for students because of the important role of this group in attracting parental involvement. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on the promotion of waste separation at source behavior among the primary school students in Khorramabad City, Iran.

This randomized controlled interventional study was conducted during the academic year of 2020-2021 among the primary school students in the city of Khorramabad. Eight schools were selected in a multi-stage method and the sample size was estimated at a total of 200 people, taking into account at least 100 samples in each group (test and control). Then, the educational intervention was performed based on the results of needs assessment for the experimental group during one month and in the form of three sessions of 60-minute training. The data were collected 2 months after the intervention and were analyzed using SPSS software by using independent t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square test.

Before the educational intervention, except for the score of awareness variable, all variables were not significantly different between the two groups; however, after the intervention, the two groups had significant differences regarding all of the studies variables (P < 0.050). The performance of the intervention group before training was 2.34 ± 0.73, which increased significantly to 3.11 ± 0.45 after training (P < 0.001).

Educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior by promoting attitudes and evaluating the behavioral consequences of students in the field of waste separation behavior at source eventually improved the behavior of students; it is suggested that this educational method be implemented in other schools as well.

Today, environmental pollutants are one of the most important human problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the health belief model structures for promotion of preventive behaviors in pregnant women exposed to air pollution in Arak city in 2014. In this cross-sectional study, 208 pregnant women referred to healthcare centers in Arak city were selected by multistage sampling and were studied. Data were collected by using a valid and reliable self- report questionnaire. The questionnaire included the demographic characteristics of the mother, the aspects of the HBM model, and the maternal practice checklist. Finally, the data were analyzed. The mean age of subjects was 26.48 ±4.77 and the mean gestational age was 14.88 ±5.59 weeks. The highest level of education for pregnant women (47.1%) was a diploma. The mean practice score was 72.9 and among the structures, the highest and the lowest score was obtained for perceived susceptibility(83.25) and barriers(59.16), respectively. To predict the hehavior by using the HBM structures, regression analysis showed that of the studied variables, the external practice guides, perceived susceptibililty, and barriers are as behavior predictive predictive agents that totally, predicted 26% (R2=0.265) of behavior changes. According to the results of the study, the design of educational interventions should be based on the external practice guides, perceived susceptibility and barriers structures as the most important predictors of maternal behavior.

M others must gain enough knowledge and practice about danger signs in children to achieve behavior change. Knowing such factors influencing behavior change will facilitate change. So, training about danger signs in children using models that identify the factors influencing behavior is essential. Health belief model is one of the effective models in education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of education on behavior of mothers about danger signs in children less than five years. This is an educational trial study that was conducted on 116 mother with children under five years old referring to treatment health centers in Arak city in 2014. They were divided into two groups case (n=56) and control (n=60) randomly. The data collected by filling the valid and reliable questionnaire that reseatcher made along with interview. An educational intervention was conducted in case group during the four learning sessions. Three months after educational intervention, post-test was conducted by filling questionnaire. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS software in significance level of p<0/05. There was no significant difference between mean score of health belief model construct and behavior in the experimental and control groups before the intervention(p<0.05), but significant differences were shown after intervention(p<0.001). The mean score of the mothers in the intervention group before and after intervention was 39.58±42.15, and 84.52±23.05 respectively, that showed significant differences (p<0.001). According to the results of this study, educational intervention based on initial assessment on Health Belief Model was effective in improving mother's practice about danger signs in children. Thus, it can be helpful to design training programs.

Objective (s): Despite potential complications of cesarean section, the number of cesarean section has been increased worldwide as well as our country in recent years. In most developed countries, using educational interventions tended to decline the caesarean cases. In fact, training might be resulted in increased awareness and change women’s attitude toward cesarean delivery and could also be effective in reducing caesarean section. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 130 pregnant women in the sixth or seventh month of pregnancy that referred to urban health centers in Shahr-e kord (located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province) in order to assess the impact of an educational intervention on reducing cesarean section. Intervention was applied to the intervention group in three sessions about 60-90 minutes. Fears of childbirth and childbirth self-efficacy questionnaire (consisting of two parts, the childbirth expectation and the self-efficacy expectation) were used for data collection. The results showed that there were no significant differences between intervention and control groups in fear of childbirth, expectations and childbirth self-efficacy scores before the intervention. However, after intervention, mean scores of fear of childbirth in intervention group was reduced and expectations and childbirth self efficacy had increased. 71.4% of mothers in intervention group and 53.8% of control mothers delivered their children naturally. The findings suggest that providing the necessary training program during pregnancy could be effective to encouraging mothers to choose the natural delivery, so the design and implementation of educational interventions in pregnancy to reduce the caesarean is recommended.

Most of the children disease with symptoms and signs are that some of these symptoms are a sign of danger. Mother's knowledge about the signs and symp-toms of respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disease, particularly in reducing the mortality rate of children under five years is helpful. This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers about danger signs in children less than five years, has been done in the Arak city. This cross-sectional and analytical study has been conducted on 350 women with children under five years old referring to treatment health centers in Arak city with random sample selection. The tools for collecting information was a multi sectional questionnaire consisting of demographic information, knowledge, attitude and the practice which its validity and reliability were ensured previously. The data collected from organized interviews and finally data by SPSS-19 software with T-test, Pearson test and ANOVA test were analyzed. Average score and Std. Deviation knowledge 60.71±13.7 attitude 77.45± 5.29 and behavior about respiratory infection 49.5±41.5, diarrhea 49.25±41.42, fever and convulsion 52.1±42.91 was respectively. There was a meaningful difference between employed mothers and housewives in regard of practice. There was a meaningful difference between family’s economic status whit practice. There was a meaningful difference between mother’s educa-tion level whit practice. There was a meaningful positive correlation between attitude whit knowledge and practice. The findings of this study can be helpfuled to performance and design training programs to promotion knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers about danger signs in children.

Evaluation in medical educational is very important. The aim of this study was to compare the view of students and faculty members about teachers'' online evaluation at Arak University of Medical Sciences. This is a cross- sectional study which was carried out with 758 students and 122 professors at Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Data was collected with a reliable and valid questionnaire (consisting of safety، evaluation of environment، accuracy and economic items) with 5-choice Likert scale. T-test was used for data analysis. Results showed that the mean score of teachers and students with regard to online teaching method was 62. 35 ± 7. 30 and 57. 89 ± 12. 31 respectively and that the difference was significant (p<0/001). Considering the positive attitudes of teachers and students toward online evaluation method، using this method is recommended.

This study was designed to investigate the quality of life in staff and hospital personnel of Arak University of Medical Sciences and to gain basic information for carrying out interventions for improving their quality of life. This cross-sectional study was done to determine quality of life of 300 staff and hospital personnel in Arak University of Medical Sciences. Data gathering tools were demographic and standard quality of life (SF-36) questionnaires. Of the 275 participants who had completed the questionnaires, 127 (%46.2) were staff and 148 (%53.8) were hospital personnel. The means of age and years of experience were 36.797.02 and 12.297.39 years, respectively. The mean of different dimensions of quality of life in the staff was significantly much higher than that in the hospital personnel (p<0.05). In terms of physical performance, vitality, social performance, general health, physical and mental health domains, significant differences were found among personnel with different employment status. There was also a significant difference between men and women in terms of physical restriction factors, physical agony, vitality, sanity, mental and physical health. The mean of different dimensions of quality of life in hospital personnel was lower than the staff while this value was lower in women than men. Specific longitudinal studies are needed for investigating the causes of these differences.