فهرست مطالب mahdi bakhshi sheikh ahmad

The Islamic government of Iraq and syria –Daesh- is the name of a terrorist Sunni Islamist group whose leader، Abubakr al-Baqdadi، considers himself as the caliphate as well as the religious leader of the Muslims of the world. This group، having the control of some parts of Iraq and Syria، was initially made in Syria and then it extended the array of its progress towards Iraq. Through The investigation of the acts، the announcements، and the speech of the leaders of this group، it is clarified that this collection is considered vahabi on one hand and strictly extremist on the other hand. In fact، Daesh is returning the conservative Saudi vahabism towards that very harsh and extremist preceding path and their ideology is deemed to be the recreated vahabism. The emphasis on the renovation of caliphate and its endurance in the world of Islam، making benefit of takfiri to the large extent as well as the announcement of jihad against the other Muslims is considered the explicit feature of the ideology of this group.

Inquiring about the transformation in the concept of terrorism forms the main purpose of this article. Along this, the hypothesis of this article is the numerous transformations that have occurred in the concept of terrorism.

An overview of the works devoted to study of al-Qaeda shows that each approached the organization from a specific perspective. Here, there are three types of assumptions which are more noteworthy. According to the first one, the al-Qaeda ideology and the actions done by this organization are indicative of Huntington’s theory of Civilization Clashes. The second group consider al-Qaeda a modern phenomenon and believe that it is more influenced by European leftist thoughts than by Islamic teachings. The last group have a religious approach to the organization and evaluated the ideology under the rubric of ‘religious terrorism.’ This paper elaborates on the last group.

After the September 11th terrorist attacks to the twain towers of World Trade Organization by Al-Qaedah, the Western media started utilizing the word “Jihad” widely. However, in most cases, they distorted its real meaning and occasionally represented Islam equal to jihad and violence. The present paper presents the evolutionary semantic changes of “Jihad” from the early Islamic era to the present time, concentrating more on the meaning of Jihad in the military Islamist groups. The paper emphasizes that conception of people such as Osamah Bin Laden from Jihad is different from the conception of the Shiites.

Seyyed Qutb is known as one of the intellectual leaders of the contemporary Islamist movements. For these movements, his writings provided the intellectual foods which included a deep hatred towards the Western culture, re-establishing society on the basis of Islamic Sharia, and resorting to Jihad for overthrowing governments that do not behave according to Sharia.