فهرست مطالب mahdi padarvand

The issue of Kurdistan independence has always been one of the most disputed points in Iraq and the region. The link between the Iraqi Kurdistan and the Kurds of Iran, Turkey and Syria has caused this issue to become an international issue, and as a result, the opinions of the local and national actors is inadequate to determine the region’s fate. This study aimed at analyzing the Iranian-Turkish foreign policy approach to the referendum on the independence of the Kurdistan region, and the research was done by a library method. Therefore, the main question of the research is that, given the political-security developments and problems in Iraq, Iran and Turkey, in spite of the differences between them regarding the holding of the referendum on the independence of the Kurdistan region, what approach did these countries adopt for their foreign policy instrument? The findings of the research show that in recent years, the main strategy of Iran and Turkey, along with numerous disagreements over the recent Middle East crisis, has had several components about Iraq, one of the most important of which is the emphasis and efforts to "Preserving territorial integrity" and oppose the breakdown of the country, so that to achieve this goal, the two countries have created a coalition for national interests. The two countries have a significant number of Kurds, and creating a Kurdish state in Iraq, constitutes a successful model in the region and affects the Kurds in the two countries. In addition, with the independence of the Kurdish region in Iraq, Kurdish parties inside the Iran and Turkey may become more aggressive in the border areas and create serious problems for the security of both Turkey and Iran.

Abstract The main challenge emerging from the changes in the Middle East, especially in Syrian crisis, is a theoretical challenge, which, on one hand, reflects the United States' inability to balance its interests in the region and, on the other hand, reflects the failure of its foreign policy to secure its own interests in the region..  Therefore, the main question of this study is that, what are the most important strategy foundations of the United States foreign policy in Syrian crisis? The hypothesis of this study is that the main strategy adopted by the United States in Syrian crisis is to secure Israel, to weaken political Islam and front Resistance and prevention from Iran Russia's influence in the Middle East. This research is descriptive-analytic and its data is collected through the study of books and articles. The findings of this paper suggest that despite the strength of the resistance front in the region, Israel security has been endangered. So, the United States and its regional allies are trying to prevent the influence of this front among Arab countries.