فهرست مطالب mahdi roohi

change in Iran's surrounding environment during the last decade, such as the uncertainty in the future of Iran's nuclear activity, the new West's assessment of the developments in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Yemen, which was the result of the development of influence and in line with Iran's national interests, some countries especially As an ideological rival of Iran, Saudi Arabia provided the ground for a change of attitude and renewal of relations with Israel, and led to the revelation of past secret relations. the new environment of the region where agreements have been formed between the two countries of Iran and Arabia, the issue of normalizing relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel is still an important case to be investigated and monitoring the effects of normalization is an inevitable necessity. Islamic Republic of Iran has created, it will also create opportunities for the Islamic Republic of Iran to exploit it for its goals and interests. This article, with an analytical-descriptive approach and using the approach of regional alliance and alliance building in the theory of realism and by stating a background of informal relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel and counting the factors affecting the expansion of relations between the two actors in recent years, in addition to Dealing with the influencing factors on the normalization project explains the results and consequences that outline the coordinates of the normalization of relations with Israel, which is also pursued in the form of the Ibrahim agreement, for the Islamic Republic of Iran

The current of contemporary religious intellectuals is trying to present an understanding and reading of religion that is in harmony with the new world. Basically, the special work of religious intellectuals is theorizing to solve the gap between tradition and modernism; Therefore, most of them try to combine religion and modernity and reread and reconstruct religion based on the components of modernity. In the meantime, some contemporary intellectuals educated in the West are seeking to use the epistemological aspects learned from the West in religious analysis and interpretation, and in this way, combine their religious tradition with the western civilization.

Since the problem of research is tracking and the effects of western knowledge bases on contemporary intellectuals, it is inevitable that the research method is qualitative and comparative.

In this research, aspects of hermeneutic influence on the religious interpretation of westernized intellectuals have been discussed, and as an example, the opinions of Abdul Karim Soroush have been examined and the impact of his thought plan on the soft security of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been investigated. For this purpose, the collection of written and written works of Soroush has been critically reread and with the help of hermeneutic principles, the roots of intellectuals' thought have been extracted and analyzed, and finally, a comparison has been made with the soft security components of the Islamic Republic.

The results indicate that Soroush's intellectual plan is in conflict with most aspects of the soft security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and weakens its soft security. The result of Soroush's intellectual plan can be religious pluralism, individual religiosity and a kind of religious secularism and the exclusion of religion from the social arena and function, the uncertainty of the Holy Quran and the prophetic tradition in explaining socio-political teachings, the acceptance of liberalism and human rights with western foundations and standards as the basis of governance and In a word, the "conventionalization of religion" summed up and in this way, in a way, drew a definite conflict between the soft security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Soroush's intellectual plan.

Due to the changing situation of the environment and countries, today in the security literature, instead of discussing hard and semi-hard power, we talk about soft power. Pro-status quo powers use the above concepts to influence and change target communities in their own interests. Now, the main question is how does the West use the tools of soft power to influence the intellectual-cultural spectrum of religious intellectual elites? Based on the ijtihad method of signification and the conceptual framework of soft power and the relationship between theory and culture; The field of influence in the flow of religious intellectualism can be analyzed and examined from two aspects. First; Presence and education in the West provide the ground for cultural absorption. In this case, the proposed theories will be based on the Islamic cover, instead of being a link between tradition and modernity. Another is that as a result of the trade-off between culture and theory, each culture has produced its own science, and each theory reinforces its own culture. In this case, the use of Western theories to explain and understand religion, completely shakes and even disintegrates the cultural foundation of traditional societies. Provides the West, which can be the most subtle and soft example of influence and a ground for undermining the soft security of the Islamic Republic

Changes in the regional order system have led to an intensification of the Saudi opposition to Iran's approach to the extent that the possibility of Saudi Arabia's military encounter with Iran, taking into account the likely states of this type of encounter, has been more than analysts contemptuous. Based on this, this paper attempts to answer the main question by using Schwartz scenario-scanning method and using the descriptive method to answer the main question: what are the likely scenarios about Saudi military confrontation with Iran and what factors affect the formation of these scenarios. The paper's hypothesis is based on the fact that three types of direct confrontation, proxy and sectarian warfare inside can be pursued by Saudi Arabia. The study of the factors, drivers, and their significance and certainty in the context of the scenario scenario showed that the future of the Yemeni war and the resilience of Iran to the economic pressures of the United States and its allies have been effective in determining the Saudi approach to military confrontation with the country and could serve as a basis for its future military conduct. The data of this paper have been collected from library sources as well as from expert opinions.

Finding the similarities and qualifications of the ruler and between the political structure of Sunni Islam and velayat-e faqih (rule of jurisprudence) in Shia Islam is the main concern of this research. The principles of the legitimacy of the rule of jurisprudent (velayat-e faqih), according to majority of religious scholars are divine, while the Sunni caliph’s legitimacy is popular-divine. By studying velayat-e faqih one understands that the conditions for practical establishment of the rule of jurisprudent in Shia Islam are almost the same as those for a Sunni Caliph. Sunnis' emphasis on succession to the Prophet, necessity of obeying him, implementation of Sharia and ijtihad (individual inference) as a necessary qualification of the ruler are are the same as the bases for velayet-e faqih in Shia Islam. To present a religious model of a ruler to the Sunni world, it suffices to review the conditions and qualifications mentioned by great Sunni theologians. A closer look at these conditions and qualifications would reveal that a Sunni ruler needs to have ejtihad (power of individual inference from the text), justice, and management capability which all overlap with the conditions of velayat-e faqih. Therefore, the qualifications of velayt-e faqih can be comparative studied with the conditions and qualifications of an ideal ruler in Sunni.

Anti-Hegemonism is one of the important attributes of the foreign policy of the Islamic State and, consequently, the Islamic Republic of Iran. This feature is based on the Quranic thoughts. With starting Iran's nuclear talks with six world powers and reaching to the JCPOA accord, the ratio between anti-hegemonism and negotiation was questioned; that, in the event of negotiation and compromise with the arrogant, what would be the task of anti-hegemonism? At first glance, the principle of anti-hegemonism be in contrast with negotiation and reconciliation, while, in the tradition and mode of prophethood, there is also negotiation and compromise with the same arrogant, while we cant accused infallible Imam to compromising with the infidels. To achieve a model for analyzing the behavior of the Islamic State's foreign policy and the practice of the infallible, we have reached the point that the Islamic laws are threefold: first, the fixed and unconditional principles which anti-hegemonism is among them. Second; Variable principles according to time and place. Some of the Islamic laws relates to specific issues and issues that can be changed in terms of time, place, and position. Direct confrontation tactics (warfare), direct hostility without conditions of war, negotiation and peace are variable sentences according to the conditions of time and place, and the third model is a fixed but variable principles which nemed as ijtihad, expediency, importance, time and place. The Islamic ruler, with the tools of ijtihad, expediency, and ... adapts non-essential principles to variables based on time, space and requirements. Therefore, it is rationally possible that the Islamic State is anti-hegemonist, while in particular situations use negotiating and also reaching an agreement. This model is designed and explained in the text of this article

A base of the complex situation of Syrian developments is the intervention of regional and international powers in the events of Syria. About twenty actors play a direct role in the developments in Syria. Even some actors such as Russia, Iran, Hezbollah, Lebanon, the United States and Turkey have direct military presence in the country. The Zionist regime also sometimes carries out air strikes in Syria. Others provide direct financial support and weapons to anti-Syrians. Undoubtedly, the logical analysis of the future of Syria is not possible without identifying the goals and behavior of each of these actors. The most appropriate method for analyzing the behavior of the actor is the game theory that evaluates the actions of each actor in proportion to the behavior of other actors. In this paper, multiple actors were first categorized into seven groups depending on their goals and plans; then each behavior was considered with consideration of how much influence the behavior of other actors. In the end, for the tangible evaluation of the effect of each actor's behavior on the other actor, the MACTOR software has been used. The software has deployed seven spectators based on the three goals of "preserving Bashar al-Assad" Terrorism and "Syria's territorial integrity".