mahdieh afkhami ardakani

Recently, orthognathic surgery is widely used in reconstruction and aesthetics over the world and has found its place in plastic surgery, especially in moderate to severe skeletal deformities. The relationship between facial hard and soft tissues consequently has been raised in planning the surgery and assessment of postoperative changes. Photogrammetry is the reasonable and simple technique to assess the surgeries in this regard which was applied through the current research to evaluate pre- and postoperative facial parameters.
Between 2012 and 2014, 29 patients including 13 females and 16 males enrolled the study. The mean±SD of age was 27.3±4.65 years in men and 25.71±2.41 years in women. Patients who referred to a hospital in Tehran, Iran, were reviewed using their charts and enrolled the study regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria before being invited to get postoperative 6-24 months after their surgery for photogrammetry in this cross-sectional performance.
29 patients including 13 females and 16 males enrolled the study. The mean±SD of age was 27.3±4.65 years in men and 25.71±2.41 years in women. The facial convexity and the total facial contour had the most changes after the cervicomental and mentolabial angles which was about 5 degrees. In terms of longitudinal parameters, the bigonial breadth showed the most changes followed by the lower lip height and the central lower lip height. The surgery was effective to change physiognomic and morphologic face parameters with much more changes in women (P It seems that orthognatic surgery, disregarding the standards of the face, and the criteria of beauty between men and women in different races, help people to have better face besides malocclusion correction. The present study showed that the facial parameters changed towards more normal measures following the surgeries done in the surveyed referral center in Iran.

The complex geometry of breast tissue, variable shape, size of breasts,their lack of homogeneity and other organs at risk like the heart and lungs makedose distribution difficult, especially for cases involving large breasts. Assessmentof breast dosimetry includes homogeneity dose distribution with complete targetcoverage and the avoidance of organs at risk as much as possible. The aim of thisstudy is to assess dose distribution and coverage of the target by TLD dosimeterin slab breast phantoms. This study used a slab anatomical phantom with lung inhomogenity fortwo different breast sizes, large and small. Exposure was done with 6 MV, utilizedPTW reader, oven LTM to annulling Conventional methods were carried out witha hand generated contour, 3D treatment planning used RT Dose Plan software. There were areas with lower than 95 percent reference dose in 3D methodsdecreased in compare of conventional methods. This result for large breastswas remarkable. Received area of target for both size more than 105 percent referencedose reduce to some extent, therefore getting more homogeneity also bettercoverage for target volume for large breast. This study has shown that conventional methods are not suitable toassessment of dose distribution and coverage in target volume, especially for largebreast. Also there was not sufficient dose distribution for small breast a as result ofthe 3D method, and so can it be useful for crowded hospitals with restricted facilitycenters because they