mahdieh sharifi

Aflatoxin M1 or milk toxin has been detected in many parts of the world both in raw milk and dairy products. It has been shown that the lactic acid bacteria especially Lactobacillus spp. reduce aflatoxin M1 levels in dairy products.

We performed a systematic review to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus strains on aflatoxin M1 residues. So a systematic literature search by using certain keywords was carried out in three bibliographic databases on aflatoxin M1 binding ability of Lactobacillus species in milk and dairy products. After the initial screening of the titles and abstracts, the related articles to our work were retrieved and the full text of the studies, which probably included the required data were obtained. The eligible articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria mentioned in the methodology.

In general, Lactobacillus spp. was shown to have a potential application to decrease the aflatoxin M1 levels in milk and dairy products from less than 10% to up to 99%. Also, this systematic review revealed that the reducing effect of Lactobacillus spp. on aflatoxin M1 residues was dependent on several factors including fermentation, incubation and storage time, bacterial population, type and viability of bacteria, and concentration of aflatoxin.

Application of Lactobacillus strains in production of the dairy products from contaminated milk can be a very effective way to reduce aflatoxin M1 level in these products.

A manganese (II) catalyst loaded onto the SBA-15 support containing a bidentate N-O Schiff-base ligand was prepared and it was applied in the synthesis of quinoxaline, pyrazine and pyrido pyrazine heterocycles. The nanocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm. The results from X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show that the textile properties of SBA-15 are preserved after grafting of manganese (II) complex. A variety of aforementioned heterocycles were synthesized easily and with good yields under green conditions in aqueous medium via ring condensation of 1,2-diamines and 1,2-diketones in the presence of  catalytic amounts of catalyst.

Encapsulation process is employed to preserve flavor from inadmissible interactions with food, minimizing flavor-flavor interactions, guarding in contradiction of light-induced reactions or oxidation, and increasing flavors shelf-life or allowing an organized release. The aim of this study is to define the preparation and benefits of encapsulation of Pistacia khinjuk gum essential oil as a flavor via nanoemulsion process. Nanoemulsion was prepared by sonicating technique with a probe-type ultrasonicator at varying amounts of surfactant and glycerol. The design expert software was used to optimize the size of nanoemulsion. The nanoemulsion was characterized by DLS analysis, and TEM. The antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion and gum essential oil was performed at four different levels (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 %) on ten strains of bacteria. The cytotoxicity of gum essential oil and nanoemulsion was also evaluated toward β-TC3, MCF7, and HT29 cell lines.

The results reported on the prevalence of colorectal cancer are very disturbing. This study aimed to address the polyps’ detection rate and their prevalence. In addition, we analyzed some related variables among the patients referred to Afzalipour and Mehregan Hospitals of Kerman in 2015-2016.

Data concerning colonoscopy and pathologic samples of patients aged over 40 years who referred for colonoscopy were collected and analyzed. The polyps’ detection rate and some related variables were assessed.

A total of 469 patients older than 40 who underwent colonoscopy were enrolled in this study. One hundred and two cases of polyps were found in which 45.3% of them had adenoma. The bowel preparation (0.03), higher age (0.007) and male gender (0.013) had significant relationship with the detection of polyps.

The detection of the polyp / adenoma in this study is comparable with the results of the research carried out in other parts of the world with a high prevalence of colon cancer. Our findings are consistent with other studies in Iran as well.

Depth-dose distribution curve of protons in the matter has a maximum is called Bragg peak. Bragg peak of a monoenergetic proton beam is too narrow. The spread out Bragg peak should be created for full coverage of the tumor. The spread out Bragg peak is obtained in the depth of the tumor with superposition of the several Bragg peaks. The aim of this study was coverage of an eye tumor in the proton therapy while healthy eye tissue absorbs less radiation.
In this analytical study, the simulations were performed using MCNPX code. A tumor in the eye phantom was considered. The eye phantom has been irradiated with different proton beam energy. A Polystyrene modulator wheel was used for creating the spread out Bragg peak in the tumor region.
Bragg peaks were created in different depths of the tumor, by varying the proton beam energies from 20 MeV to 38 MeV. Bragg peak of the 32.85 MeV proton beam energy was precisely placed at the end of the tumor. Different pristine Bragg peaks were produced using a Polystyrene modulator wheel with different thicknesses and 32.85 MeV proton beam energy. The spread out Bragg peak was created in the tumor region by modulation of the pristine Bragg peaks. Neutrons and photons are produced by the inelastic nuclear interactions of protons with the nuclei of different tissues of eyes. The flux and absorbed dose of secondary neutrons and photons were considerably small compared to the depth-dose distribution of protons and the total absorbed dose in the tumor was more than other tissues of eyes.
Using a modulator wheel the tumor can be treated, so that the minimal damage reaches the surrounding tissues. The results show that more than 92% of the total dose of secondary particles and protons is absorbed in the tumor.